unit 8 chapter 25 – the industrial revolution the industrial revolution
TRANSCRIPT
UNIT 8Chapter 25 – The Industrial Revolution
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
CHAPTER 25The Industrial Revolution, 1700–1900 The Industrial Revolution begins in Britain, spreads to
other countries, and has a strong impact on economics, politics, and society.
Rail locomotives began connecting U.S. cities in the 1840s, enabling transport of goods between factories, cities, and ports.
SECTION 1
SECTION 2
SECTION 3
SECTION 4
The Beginnings of Industrialization CASE STUDY: Industrialization
Industrialization Spreads
Reforming the Industrial World
OBJECTIVES
CORE OBJECTIVE: Trace key events of the Industrial Revolution and analyze how these affected economics and politics.Objective 8.1: Explain the beginnings of the
British Industrial revolution and the inventions the furthered it.
Objective 8.2: Identify the social and economic effects of industrialization.
Objective 8.3: Identify the effects of industrialization on the rest of the world.
Objective 8.4: Explain the origins and main concepts of socialism, Marxism, and other 1800s reform movements.
Chapter 25 SECTION 1 –
The Beginnings of Industrialization
The Industrial Revolution starts in Englandand soon spreads to other countries.
AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION
New Ways of Working Industrial Revolution — greatly increases output of
machine-made goods; begins in Britain in1700sRevolution begins in England (Britain) in the middle 1700s
The Agricultural Revolution Paves the WayEnclosures — large farm fields enclosed by fences or
hedges Wealthy landowners buy, enclose land once owned by
village farmersSmall land farmers were forced off their land and forced to
work as tenant farmers WRITE THIS
DOWN!
AGChanges
Rotating CropsCrop rotation — switching crops each year to
avoid depleting the soilLivestock breeders allow only the best to breed,
improve food supplySoon the well-fed population of Britain ballooned
and demand for goods, such as cloth, would increase
Enclosures allow experimentation with new agricultural methods
WHY BRITAIN?
Why was Britain able to Industrialize?
Industrialization — move to machine production of goods
Britain has natural resources — coal, iron, rivers, harbors Water and coal powered new machines Iron was used to construct tools, machines, buildings Rivers for inland transportation Britain also had the businesspeople to invest in these
Britain also had the needed factors of production — land, labor, capital
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DOWN!
Difference between a
Weaver & Spinner?
Typically, a spinner turns cotton into thread and a weaver turns thread into the finished cloth.
IMPORTANT INVENTIONS
The Flying Shuttle; John Kay; 1733 Carried threads of yarn back and forth faster for the
weaver to create cloth New Problem: Spinners could not keep pace with
Weavers
Spinning Jenny; James Hargreaves; 1764 Worker can spin 8 threads at a time
Richard Arkwright invents the water frame in 1769 Factories are created on rivers to use river current to
power machines
INVENTIONS SPUR FACTORIES
Changes in the Textile Industry Weavers work faster with flying
shuttles and spinning jennies Water frame uses water power to
drive spinning wheels Power loom, spinning mule speed
up production, improve quality Factories — buildings that contain
machinery for manufacturing Cotton gin boosts American cotton
production to meet British demand https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=JzHD7_dWEik (Eli Whitney)
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DOWN!
TRANSPORTATION
Watt’s Steam Engine Need for cheap, convenient power spurs development of steam engine James Watt improves steam engine, financed by Matthew Boulton Boulton an entrepreneur — organizes, manages, takes business risks
Water TransportationRobert Fulton builds first steamboat, the Clermont, in 1807 England’s water transport improved by system of canals
Road Transportation British roads are improved; companies operate them as toll roads
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THE RAILWAY AGE
Steam-Driven Locomotives In 1804, Richard Trevithick builds first steam-driven locomotive
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pLJaboxC3Do
In 1825, George Stephenson builds world’s first railroad line
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DOWN!
Transportation
Revolution
The Liverpool-Manchester Railroad Entrepreneurs build railroad from Liverpool to Manchester Stephenson’s Rocket acknowledged as best locomotive (1829)
Railroads Revolutionize Life in Britain Railroads spur industrial growth, create jobs Cheaper transportation boosts many industries; people move to
cities
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DOWN!
Origins of the French Revolution—Assessment
Which of these is NOT a natural resource Britain had for Industrialization?
(A) Iron
(B) Rivers
(C) Capital
(D) Coal
Which of these is Not a factor of production?
(A) Harbors
(B) Land
(C) Labor
(D) Capital
Origins of the French Revolution—Assessment
Which of these is NOT a natural resource Britain had for Industrialization?
(A) Iron
(B) Rivers
(C) Capital
(D) Coal
Which of these is Not a factor of production?
(A) Harbors
(B) Land
(C) Labor
(D) Capital
Vocabulary Assessment
Urbanization is the
(A) Process of work in a society being done by machines
(B) Immigration from one country to another
(C) Business growth through new inventions
(D) Movement of people to cities
An economic system in which all means of production are owned by the people. Private property does not exist and goods are shared equally.
(A) Capitalism
(B) Communism
(C) Socialism
(D) Feudalism
Vocabulary Assessment
Urbanization is the
(A) Process of work in a society being done by machines
(B) Immigration from one country to another
(C) Business growth through new inventions
(D) Movement of people to cities
An economic system in which all means of production are owned by the people. Private property does not exist and goods are shared equally.
(A) Capitalism
(B) Communism
(C) Socialism
(D) Feudalism