Unit 8Getting To Grips With The

Industry By Chelsie Brandrick

Public service broadcasting is intended for public benefit rather than commercial profit.

Programmes include: news coverage, arts programmes and religious broadcasts.

Ofcom regulations require certain TV broadcasters to include a specific amount of content that can benefit the public in their broadcasts.

Public Service Broadcasting

The BBC were founded in 1922 and have been funded since by a licensing fee as they do not sell advertising time. The BBC are most notable for being the first public service broadcaster in the UK.

The next public service broadcasting channel was Channel 4 and was launched in 1982. Although commercially self-funded it is publically owned.

Many commercial broadcasting channels have been set up since the establishment of the BBC, like ITV and Channel 5.

History of Public Service Broadcasting

Channel 4 is a public service broadcaster, it launched in 1982 to provide a fourth television service to the United Kingdom after BBC1, BBC2 and ITV.

Channel 4 is commercially self-funded but is publicly owned and was originally a subsidiary of the Independent Broadcasting Authority.

The station is owned and operated by Channel Four Television Corporation, a public corporation of the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. It was established in 1990 and came into operation in 1993.

With the conversion of the Wenvoe Transmitter Group in Wales to digital in 2010, Channel 4 became a UK wide TV channel for the first time.

Channel 4

Channel 4 is a publicly owned corporation and it’s board is appointed by OFCOM, in agreement with the Secretary of State for the Department of Culture, Media and Sport.

The unitary board is made up of executive and non-executive directors who handle Channel 4’s commitments, legal requirements and financial responsibilities.

Channel 4 own many companies and brands such as: 4 Seven, Film4, E4, More4, 4Music, Box Upfront, The Box, Box Hits, Kerrang!, and Kiss Magic.

Who Owns Who?

Channel 4 don’t produce their own programmes in-house but commission shows from over 300 independent production companies across the UK.

Channel 4 invests heavily in training and talent development in the industry.

For example, Hollyoaks is made by the independent production company All3Media, who are the UK’s largest independent production and distribution company.

Who Make the Programmes?

Channel 4 is only available in the UK and Republic of Ireland. Even UK or ROL citizens cannot access the channel abroad.

What Countries is Channel 4 Present in?

Channel 4 is supported by advertising, programme sponsorship and commercial revenue.

Channel 4’s funding is raised by: subscription (on demand), pay per view, sponsorship, adverts, product placement, private capital, financial aid, development fund, sale of programmes content and merchandising.

How Do Channel 4 Make Money?

Commercial broadcasting is the broadcasting of television programmes by a privately owned media company.

Commercial broadcasting is primarily based on airing radio and television adverts to profit financially. This is a contrast to public broadcasting which receives government subsides and avoids adverts interrupting the show.

Popular commercial broadcasters are ITV and Channel 5.

Commercial Broadcasting

Channel 5 is a British commercial broadcasting channel, it was launched in 1997 and is the fifth national terrestrial analogue network in the United Kingdom after BBC1, BBC2, ITV and Channel 4.

Channel 5 focus on entertainment shows that are internally commissioned. Examples include: Fifth Gear, Celebrity Big Brother and The Gadget Show.

Channel 5

Channel 5 is owned by Viacom International Media Networks Europe.

Viacom International Media Networks Europe own many multimedia entertainment brands such as: MTV, VH1, VIVA, Nickelodeon, Nick Jr, Comedy Central and Channel 5 .

Viacom’s main headquarters are based in London, whilst hosting numerous of local offices throughout Europe including Stockholm and Paris.

Who Owns Who?

Channel 5 programmes are made by independent production companies such as: True North Productions, Red Planet Pictures, Blast Films and Clear Story.

Who Make the Programmes?

Channel 5 is aired and available in the United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland, Australia and the United States of America.

What Countries is Channel 5 Present in?

Channel 5 make their money by selling advertising space in-between their programmes as well as making money through product placement, private capital, financial aid, development fund, sale of programmes content and merchandising.

How Do Channel 5 Make Money?

A film studio is a major entertainment company that has its own privately owned studio facility that can be used to make films.

There are independently owned film studios that have never produced a motion picture as they only sell the studio space and have no input into the film being made.

Film Studios

In 1893 Thomas Edison built the first movie studio in the United States when he constructed the Black Maria, a tarpaper-covered structure near his laboratories in New Jersey. He distributed his movies to theatres, arcades, wax museums and fairgrounds.

In 1909 the notable Thanhouser film studio was founded in New york by Edwin Thanhouser. The company produced and released over 1,000 films between 1910 – 1917, successfully distributing them worldwide.

In the early 1900’s companies started to move to Los Angeles, California as many early producers wanted to escape Edison’s Motion Picture Patents which controlled patents to productions.

History of Film Studios

The Walt Disney Company, commonly known as Disney, is an American diversified multinational mass media and entertainment company.

It’s headquarters are currently in Burbank, California. It is the worlds second largest media conglomerate in

terms of revenue after Comcast. Disney was founded in 1923 by brothers Walk and

Roy Disney. The company became a leader in animation before branching into live-action film productions, television shows and theme parks .

The Walt Disney Company

The Walt Disney Company is a publicly traded corporation owned by its various shareholders.

The Laurene Powell Jobs Trust, run by Steve Jobs’ widow is the largest shareholder owning 7.27% of the shares.

Disney own many notable companies such as: Pixar, Lucasfilm, Marvel Entertainment, ABC, Hollywood Records, ESPN and the History channel.

Who Owns Who?

Disney produce family friendly theatrical films in addition to animations.

Examples include: The Little Mermaid, Snow White and The Seven Dwarfs, High School Musical, Beauty and The Beast and Lady and The Tramp.

Disney’s recent movies have grossed an average of $300,000,000 per film.

What Films Do They Produce?

The Walt Disney Company is present in hundreds of countries around the world and is available on all continents.

What Countries is Disney Present in?

Disney release many films from the numerous production companies they own. As Disney is a notable brand, the company have a huge fan base who purchase Disney’s merchandise, films and go to their theme parks.

Disney make money through product placement in movies, private capital, shares and consumers.

Disney made over $48 billion in 2014.

How Do Disney Make Money?

An independent business is free from outside control. They usually are privately owned as opposed to a public limited company.

Independent Film Company

Patchwork Productions is a UK based independent film production company.

They aim to produce films with a strong story that attract core audiences by working with new and established talent.

Patchwork Productions received Creative Europe Development Funding for NITRATE and BFI Funding for THE TENTMASTER’S DAUGHTER.

Patchwork Productions

Patchwork Productions is owned by Christine Hartland.

As Patchwork Productions is a small independent film company they do not currently own any other brands or companies.

Who Owns Who?

Patchwork Productions make films in a variety of genres ranging from thriller, SCI-FI to Drama and coming of age stories.

Examples of films made by them are: Containment, Life Just Is, Verity’s Summer and WMD.

What Films Do They Produce?

Patchwork Productions are based in the UK but distribute their films online so they can be accessed from around the globe.

The company have the largest viewing in the United Kingdom and United States.

What Countries is Patchwork Productions Present in?

Patchwork Productions fund their productions by sponsors and investors.

Some of their films have been incorporated with the studio they were working with but they are predominately independent and rely on financial backing from their investors.

They have previously gained funds from Creative Europe Development Funding and BFI Net.Work which has allowed them to make two short films.

How Do Patchwork Productions Make Money?

Any Questions?