Infection prevention and control

Week 1 introduction

Unit 9 • http://qualifications.pearson.com/

content/dam/pdf/BTEC-Nationals/Health-and-Social-Care/2016/specification-and-sample-assessments/9781446938034_BTEC_Nat_ExtDip_HSC_Spec_Iss3C.pdf

• Infection control and prevention section.

Unit learning outcomes• A Understand the causes of infections

and transmission of infection• B Explore how to prevent and control the

transmission of infection in health and• social care settings• C Investigate the roles and

responsibilities of health and social care organisations and

• workers in preventing and controlling infections.

Grading Criteria• 7 passes • 3 merits • 3 distinctions• 2 practical's

An invasion of body tissue by

pathogens (microorganism

) and their growth there.

WHAT IS INFECTION?

• Bacteria, viruses, protozoans, fungi, and other parasites called pathogens are capable of causing a change that disrupts the homeostasis in the body.

s of i

Causes of infection

Definition of Pathogen• Noun• A bacterium, virus, or other

microorganism that can cause disease

• Not all microorganisms are pathogenic; your body is host to billions of microorganisms, most of which are bacteria. These microorganisms have a symbiotic relationship with your body helping to keep harmful bacteria and other microorganisms from growing.

Type of pathogens causing infection

Bacteria, Viruses , Fungi , Parasites Type of infections • Local: limited to specific part of the

body.• Systemic: pathogens spread and

damage systems of the body.• Bacteremia: when a culture of the

person’s blood reveals microorganisms. • Septicemia: when Bacteremia results in

systematic infections.

• If beneficial organisms are eliminated from your body, pathogens can establish themselves and cause infectious disease. In addition, if beneficial organisms enter areas of the body where they are not normally found, these formerly harmless organisms can become potential pathogens

Disease Cause Affected Organ Transmission

Smallpox Virus Skin Droplet

Influenza Virus Respiratory system Direct contact

HIV/AIDS Virus Immune system Body Fluid

Hepatitis B Virus Liver Body Fluid

Tetanus Bacteria Nervous system Puncture Wound

Strep Throat Bacteria Respiratory system Droplet

Tuberculosis Bacteria Respiratory Droplet

Pathogens• http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/

gcsebitesize/science/aqa_pre_2011/human/defendingagainstinfectionrev1.shtml

Type of infections • Acute infections: generally

appear suddenly or last a short time.

• A chronic infections : occur slowly, over a very long period and may last months or years.

• Sepsis: Is the state of infection.

• Asepsis : Is the freedom from disease microorganisms.

• Clean : absence of almost all microorganisms.

What is Infection Control:

• All of the practices used to prevent the spread of microorganisms that could cause disease in a person.

• Infection control practices help to protect clients and healthcare providers from disease by reducing and/or eliminating sources of infection.

Why is this stuff important?• http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-

northern-ireland-12799864

Or..........• http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-

northern-ireland-16645597

Transmission of disease• Pathogens can be transmitted to a host

from a reservoir four main ways; 1.By direct contact; exchange of body fluid

especially during sexual intercourse2.By an object; people handle contaminate

objects then touch face, nose, eyes, etc…3.Through the air; person coughs or sneezes

spreading droplets which are then inhaled4.By a vector; insects such as mosquitos,

ticks spread pathogens between hosts or reservoirs

Watch a film at home!• http://www.hpa.org.uk/Publications/

InfectiousDiseases/InfectionControl/InfectionControlInCareHomes/Film1PreventingInfection/