unit i triumph review2
TRANSCRIPT
AP World History Unit I: Foundations8000 BCE 600 CE
Paleolithic Neolithic 1st Villages 1st Civs - RVC Classical Civs/Rise of World Religions
8 Elements of a Civilization•Writing System•Organized Belief System•Cities•Public Works•Specialized Jobs•Government•Social Classes•Art/Architecture
Political Systems•Democracy•Republic•Monarchy•Dictatorship•Aristocracy•Oligarchy•Theocracy
Global History Review8000 BCE 600 CE
Paleolithic Neolithic 1st Villages 1st Civs - RVC Classical Civs/Rise of World Religions
8 Elements of a Civilization•Writing System•Organized Belief System•Cities•Public Works•Specialized Jobs•Government•Social Classes•Art/Architecture
Political Systems•Democracy•Republic•Monarchy•Dictatorship•Aristocracy•Oligarchy•Theocracy
•“Old Stone Age”
•Nomadic, small clans
•Hunters/ Gatherers
•Men/Women – social equality
•Agricultural Revolution
•Farming, domesticated animals
•Not everyone settled – Pastoral Nomads
•Greater social inequality, specialized jobs, food surplus
•Jericho
•Catal Huyuk
•Jomon
•Mesopotamia (Tigris, Euphrates), Fertile Crescent, Hammurabi, Sumerians, Babylonians, Assyrians, Hittites, Hebrews
•Egypt (Nile), Theocracy, Hieroglyphics, Polytheistic
•Indus (Indus, Ganges), Mohenjo-Daro, Harappa, Aryans, Vedic Age, Origins of Hinduism, Caste System
•China (Huang He) Shang, Zhou, Dynasty, Oracle bones, “Middle Kingdom,” Mandate of Heaven, Dynastic Cycle
•Persia: Zoroastrianism, tolerance, Cyrus the Great
•Greece – City states, direct democracy, philosophy (SPA), Pericles, Hellenism, Alex the Great
•India – Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, Caste System, Mauryan, Gupta Empires
•China –Q’in, Han Dynasties, Confucianism, Legalism, Daoism, spread of Buddhism, filial piety, Shi Huangdi, Han Wudi, civil service exam
•Rome – Republic, Julius Caesar, Caesar Augustus, Pax Romana, Law of 12 Tables, Fall of Rome
India: Indus River Valley --------Aryan (Vedic Age)------------Maurya-------------Gupta 3600-1900 BCE -----------------1500 BCE--------------326 -184 BCE--------320-535 CE
China: Shang Dynasty --------Zhou Dynasty--------Qin Dynasty-------------Han Dynasty 1500-1027BCE ---------1027-771BCE---------221-207BCE------------206BCE-220CE
Mediterranean: Minoan --------Mycenaean--------------Greek-----------------Roman 1600 BCE -------1400 BCE--------------800BCE-----------500BCE-476CE
Mesoamerican: Olmec ---------------------Mayan---------------------Aztec 1200BCE -------------300BCE-900CE---------1200-1500CE
2,500,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE2,500,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE
1. Hunting and gathering: Small bands of 20-30 people. Gender equality because both contributed
to survival
2. Mostly Nomadic but some Permanent settlements were established in areas with
abundant food resources (grains, fish).
3. Neanderthal Man: First fully modern human beings-physically and mentally. Belief in afterlife,
buried dead
4. Cro-Magnon man: Interested in fashion and art. Humans during this period found shelter in caves. Humans during this period found shelter in caves.
Cave paintings were left behind.Cave paintings were left behind.
Paleolithic peoples lived in small nomadic bands with few class distinctions, and had an interest in art and simple spiritual beliefs.
NeanderthalsNeanderthals( 200,000 BCE – 30,000 ( 200,000 BCE – 30,000
BCE )BCE )
NeanderthalsNeanderthals( 200,000 BCE – 30,000 ( 200,000 BCE – 30,000
BCE )BCE )
Cro-MagnonsCro-Magnons( 40,000 BCE – 10,000 ( 40,000 BCE – 10,000
BCE )BCE )
Cro-MagnonsCro-Magnons( 40,000 BCE – 10,000 ( 40,000 BCE – 10,000
BCE )BCE )
Homo Sapiens
Homo Sapien Homo Sapien SapienSapien
(40,000 BCE-Present )(40,000 BCE-Present )
Homo Sapien Homo Sapien SapienSapien
(40,000 BCE-Present )(40,000 BCE-Present )
8000-3000 BCE
1. Food surplus lead to population boom
2. Permanent settlements and communities develop. Idea of private
property
3. Development on farming technology, art, architecture, language, job specialization,
irrigation, etc.
4. Development of cities: Catal Huyuk, Jericho.
AdvancedCities
AdvancedCities
Specialized Workers/
Social Classes
Specialized Workers/
Social Classes ComplexInstitutions:GovernmentPublic Works
Economic SystemsOrganized religion
ComplexInstitutions:GovernmentPublic Works
Economic SystemsOrganized religion
Record-KeepingRecord-Keeping
AdvancedTechnologyAdvanced
Technology
Art and Architecture
Art and Architecture
Mesopotamia: “The Cradle of Civilization”
Mesopotamia: “The Cradle of Civilization”
“Fertile Crescent” and lack of natural barriers allowed many groups to control this
valuable area.
“Fertile Crescent” and lack of natural barriers allowed many groups to control this
valuable area.
Sumerian City-States
Sumerian City-States3000 B.C.E. 3000 B.C.E.
Successful agriculture, irrigation systems
Writing, cuneiformsUse of wheel
12 month calendarPolytheistic
Polytheistic: The Gods were Anthropomorphic.
City-State: Urban areas that controlled surrounding regions and loosely connected with other city-states: Ur, Uruk, Eridu, Lagash, Babylon, Kish
Developed organized projects: irrigation systems, palaces, ziggurats, defensive walls, temples
Hammurabi, the JudgeHammurabi, the Judge• “King of the four quarters of the
world”
• Centralized bureaucratic government
• System of taxation
• First written code of laws
• “King of the four quarters of the world”
• Centralized bureaucratic government
• System of taxation
• First written code of laws
The Babylonian Empires
The Babylonian Empires
Babylonian AchievementsBabylonian Achievements
12 Month Calendar12 Month Calendar
Mathematics
Mathematics
Babylonian Numbers
Babylonian Numbers
The HittitesThe Hittites•Learned to
extract iron from ore and were the
first to make tools and
weapons of iron.
The AssyriansThe Assyrians•Centralized bureaucratic government.•Built military roads to move troops quickly.•Founded first
libraries. The PhoeniciansThe Phoenicians
•Best known for
manufacturing and trade
•“Carriers of Civilization”•Created first
alphabet
The Hebrews
The Hebrews
•Belief in Judaism, first monotheistic faith
• Ten commandments
Phoenicians
Phoenicians
Traders, Invaders, and Empire Builders?
Traders, Invaders, and Empire Builders?
Assyrians
Assyrians Trader
sTrader
sInvade
rsInvade
rs
HebrewsHebrewsEmpire BuildersEmpire Builders
The Hittites
The Hittites
The Sumerians
The Sumerians
The Babylonians
The BabyloniansTrader
sTrader
sEmpire BuildersEmpire Builders
Invaders
Invaders
Geography of Egypt
Walk Like an Egyptian•Rich soil, gentle annual flooding
• Led by Pharaoh – leader with total power
•water management, pyramids, astronomy, hieroglyphs, mummification, calendar, gold
•Polytheistic
•Women rulers, buy, sell property, inherit, will property, dissolve marriages, still subservient to men
• Hierarchy: pharaoh, priest, nobles, merchants, artisans, peasants, slaves
•Conquered by (1100 BCE)
Geography of China
China: Shang on the HuangShang: 1700-1100 BCE
• Aristocrats and bureaucrats directed the work and life of the Shang. • Warfare a constant feature.• Most commoners worked as semi free serfs in agriculture. Others were artisans, craftsmen.
• Stable agri-surplus, trade-centered• N. China, walled cities, strong army, chariots• “The Middle Kingdom” World View• Bronze, pottery, silk, decimal system, calendar• Patriarchal, polytheistic, ancestor veneration, oracle bones
It’s Zhou Time!
Replaced Shang around 1100 BCERuled 900 years, kept customs,
traditionsMandate of HeavenFeudal system, nobles gained,
bureaucracies, war amongst feudal kingdoms, collapse 256 BCE
Established early forms of feudalism in which the King gave large tracts of land to loyal leaders who became lords. These lords provided the king with military forces in exchange for the land.
Geography of India
Indus Valley: 3300 – 1700 B.C.E.Outside contact more limited -
moutainsKyber Pass connection to
outsideTwin Cities of Harrappa,
Mohenjo-Daro Master-planned, water system,
strong central gov’t, polytheistic, written language
Pottery, cotton, clothCities abandoned, reason
unknownAryans arrive 1500 BCE
The Harappan Civilization
The Harappan Civilization
From Caucasus Mtns. Black/Caspian Sea
Nomads who settledVedas, Upanashads basis for
HinduismCaste systemwarriors, priests, peasants later re-ordered: Brahmins
(priests), warriors, landowners-merchants, peasants, untouchables (out castes)
Aryans: The Vedic Age: 1500-500 B.C.E..
Aryans: The Vedic Age: 1500-500 B.C.E..
ShudrasShudras
VaishyasVaishyas
KshatriyKshatriyas as
Pariahs [Harijan] Untouchables
Pariahs [Harijan] Untouchables
BrahminBrahminss
Olmecs (Mexico), Mayans (Mexico/Guatemala), and Chavin Cult (Andes) developed similarly to River Valley Civilizations: urbanization, polytheistic, irrigation, writing, calendar, monumental buildings, social structure, city-states.
The point: Similar pattern of development in different part of earth, no contact
The difference: No major river. Had to adapt to rainforest and mountains.
Civilization in the Americas
Civilization in the Americas
Geography of Greece
Greek AchievementsGreek Achievements
Age of Pericles;
Direct Democracy, Golden age
Art, architecture, sculpture, amphitheaters, dramas,
math, astronomy, medicine
Philosophy: Socrates, Plato,
Aristotle.
Mythology – polytheistic
humanistic gods
Ideal beauty, Sports,
Olympics
Alexander the Great!Peloponnesian War with Sparta
(431 BCE) Athens loses powerMacedonians from north
conquer And unites Greek Peninsula
Followed by son, Alexander, unified Greece, invaded Persia
What was Alexander’s Greatest Accomplishment?
What was Alexander’s Greatest Accomplishment?
Alexander’s Empire
Which four major civilizations did Alexander briefly unite?
Hellenic
Persian
Egyptian Indian
Geography of Rome
Professional army,
citizenship for
conquered people, Pax
Romana
Art, architecture, arch, dome, aqueducts, roads
Coliseum, Bread and
Circus, Gladiators, christianity
Centralized government: Republic, Dictator,
Empire, Civil Service, Senate, Patricians,
Plebeians
Equal under Law, justice, 12 tables of
law
Roman Achievements
Roman Achievements
Q’in EmpireLed by Emperor
Shi Huangdi
Unified China: Centralized Government
Connected Great Wall of China, terra
cotta warriors
Unified monetary system, weights
and measurements
Legalist government – burned Confucian
books
The Han Dynasty!
Emperor Han Wudi – Confucian
style government
Expanded Empire, developed a bureaucracy, Silk Road Trade –
spread of Buddhism
Civil Service Exams – Social
classes: Nobles,
Scholar-gentry, Farmers,
Merchants
Paper, Ship Rudders, Wheelbarrow, Hot air balloons, sundials, metallurgy
Mauryan Empire
Rock & Pillar edicts, Buddhism spread, Big
time traders: silk, cotton, elephants (much more) to
the west
Strong military, Ashoka converts to Buddhism:
non-violence, moderation
Centralized government with bureaucracy, tax collection 321 BCE – 185 BCE321 BCE – 185 BCE
Founded by Chandragupta MauryaUnified smaller Aryan kingdoms
Greatest extent under Ashoka
Rise of Gupta: 220 BCE – 320 CE220 BCE – 320 CE
Achievements in mathematics –pi, zero, numerals, astronomy,
medicine, literature
Hinduism resurgentWomen lost rights; own property, study religion, child marriages common
Profitable trade Profitable trade withwith the the
MediterraneanMediterranean world. world.
375-415 CE, revival under Chandra Gupta
Extensive Trade:Extensive Trade:Land Route = Silk Road Water Route = Land Route = Silk Road Water Route = Indian Indian
OceanOcean
Extensive Trade:Extensive Trade:Land Route = Silk Road Water Route = Land Route = Silk Road Water Route = Indian Indian
OceanOcean
spices
spices
spicesspices
gold & gold &
ivoryivory
gold & gold & ivoryivory
rice & rice & wheatwheathorseshorses
cotton goods
cotton goods
cotton goods
cotton goodssilkssilks
PearlsPearls
Greek and Latin based – Greco-Roman
Patrician and Plebeians – social
Citizenship – unifying Identity
History, Music, Drama, Art
Chinese – calligraphy
Confucianism – Filial Piety
Superior and Inferior
Stressed education – “Gentleman”
Ethnocentrism – Great Wall
Classical Comparison: Roman Empire and Han Dynasty
Identity
Identity
Well organized bureaucracy based upon Legalist and Confucian ideas and education
Well organized bureaucracy founded on Greco-Roman law and classical learning
GovernmentGovernment
Patriarchical
Reliance on Patricians
Greek and Roman Mythological faith
Temples, Sacrificies, Olympics
Judaism and Christianity – Persecuted at times
Patriarchical
Reliance on landed gentry
Ancestor Veneration – Oracle Bones
Daoism – “The Way” – Wu Wei
Confucianism – five relationships
Buddhism – Persecuted at times
BeliefsBeliefs
“The Great Builders”
Columns, Dome, Arch
Aqueducts, roads, bridges, theaters, The Coliseum
Great Wall of China
Bridges, Roads, Canals
Tombs - Terra Cotta Warriors
Public WorksPublic Works
Grand Canal Roman Roads
Strong Military – professional army - led to expansion
Gave land and riches to soldiers - reward
Strong Military – led to expansionGave land and riches to soldiers – seen as very important figures in Legalist China
Use of Mediterranean Sea
Built roads, bridges, canals
Use of rivers – Huang He and Yangtze
Built Roads, bridges, canals
Expansion
And Trade
Expansion
And Trade
Decline of EmpireDecline of Empire
Roman Empire Han China
Decline in Morals and Values that have upheld
society together
Public Health and Urban
Decay
Political Corruption
Unemployment and Inflation
Military Spending- too
costly
Compare the impact of the rise and fall of the Roman Empire in Western Europe and the Han Dynasty in China.
Developing a Thesis
Acceptable Thesis:
•Must address both the Roman Empire and Han Dynasty•Must address the impact of the rise and fall of each Civilization•Must address EITHER similarities OR differences in the impact of the rise and fall of each civilization. •Must be explicitly stated in introduction or conclusion of the essay. •May appear as one sentence or as multiple sentences.
• A thesis that is split among multiple paragraphs or merely restates the prompt is unacceptable. For example, “There were many similarities and differences . . .” is not acceptable.
Create a Thesis Statement for this Comparative Essay Question
Planning ChartRoman Empire Han Dynasty Direct Comparisons
Rise
•Developed from Etruscans/ Greeks •Military power- professional army•Environmental mosaic – Natural protection, Tiber River, Med Sea•Use of technology – roads, aqueducts, bridges, canals•Control of major trade routes- Punic Wars•Identity – Citizenship and ideals of Republic
•Developed from Qin Empire •Military power – Large army•Environmental mosaic – Natural protection, Yellow and Yangtze River, Pacific Ocean•Use of technology – roads, bridges, canals•Increase trade–Silk Road•Identity – Mandate of Heaven, Confucianism and meritocracy
•Both used military power to gain power
•Both follow Conrad Demarest Model of Empire – Identity
•Both had optimal location and environments to dominate
Fall
•Poor Leadership and corruption•No clear line of succession•Economic decline – Heavy taxes•Land owned by rich•Neglect of people’s needs – led to riots, slave revolts•Over expansion •Military power declined •Soldiers lost will to fight – lack of rewards and loss of loyalty •Safety within empire declined – Barbaric invasions
•Poor Leadership and corruption•Practice of concubinage•Economic decline – Heavy taxes•Land owned by rich•Neglect of people’s needs – led to riots, Yellow Turban Revolt •Military power declined •Soldiers lost will to fight – loss of Mandate of Heaven•Invasions from Xiognu nomads.
•Both had poor leadership and corruption in government
•Both militaries failed and allowed barbaric invasions
•Economic problems led people to revolt or lose faith in government – Lost identity
•China uses Mandate of Heaven and Confucianism to recover faster than Europe
Developing a Thesis
After you analyze your planning chart, what conclusions can you make about similarities and differences between
Rome and Han?
Compare the impact of the rise and fall of the Roman Empire in Western Europe and the Han Dynasty in China.
1. Think about major similarities and differences between the rise and fall of both the Roman Empire and the Han Dynasty.
2. Think about causation and impact of major events to help formulate a thesis.
3. Look for possible relationships between known facts (such as surprising contrasts or similarities), and think about the beneath-the-surface significance of these relationships.
4. Look for common trends or information. Is there overwhelming evidence that supports one aspect over another?
5. Make sure your thesis answers the question and attempts to prove something.
Sample ThesisCompare the rise and fall of the Roman Empire in Western Europe and the Han Dynasty in China.
1. The Roman Empire and the Han Dynasty both rose to power due to their superior military strength. However, once their military power declined both empires became vulnerable to internal and external threats that eventually led to their fall.
Thesis Self Test: "Did I answer the question?" "Have I taken a position that others might challenge or oppose?" "Does my thesis pass the 'So What?' test?" “Can I use evidence to support my thesis?”
2. Natural protection and a superior location for trade allowed for the rise of the Roman Empire and Han Dynasty, but it would be economic problems sparked by corrupt leaders that would cause their fall.
3. The rise and fall of the Roman Empire and the Han Dynasty can best be attributed to the creation and loss of their common identity, Citizenship of a Republic and Confucian ideals respectively.
* Specific topic + Attitude/Angle/Argument = Thesis
* What you plan to argue + How you plan to argue it = Thesis
Sedentary/Nationalistic Religions Missionary Religions
•Born into religion
•Society structured around religious ideas
•Complex religion and history
•No real centralized hierarchy
•Very little conversion
•Stationary – grounded to the land
•Develops out of Sedentary faith
•Religion adapts to different cultural practices
•Simplistic rules
•Tends to have more centralized structure and hierarchy
•Spreads through trade routes and conquests – leads to cultural diffusion
Religions and Belief Systems
Judaism
Hinduism
Christianity Islam
Buddhism
Animism Confucianism
Who do the three individuals represent and does this image reflect Sedetary or Missionary Religions?
Southwest Asian Religions
Judaism
Christianity
ISLAM
ProtestantEastern Orthodox
Sunni
Shiite
Russian Orthodox
Anglican
Calvinist
Lutheran
Roman Catholic
Coptic
Sufi
3000 BCE
33 CE
622 CE
South Asian Religions
Hinduism
BuddhismJainism
Zen
Mahayana
TherevedaSikhism
5000 BCE
500 BCE800 BCE
Tibetan (Tantric)
1469 CE
Diffusion of Belief Systems
Religions and Belief Systems
Religions and Belief Systems
Animism
Beliefs, Practices, Holy Books Significance
Africa, Latin AmericaNo Founder
No holy book – mostly oral traditionsAll things in nature have a soul (Trees, stones, rivers, etc.)Use of Shaman or Diviners who conducted ceremonies and rituals and used fetishesAncestor Veneration – Your ancestor’s spirits watch over you and can protect you.
Found among many pastoral nomadic tribal villages.Tribal masks inspired Cubist art movement
Hinduism
Beliefs, Practices, Holy Books Significance
India
3000 B.C.E.
Spread throughout
India
Stationary Religion
Brahman-supreme force: Gods are manifestations of Brahman (Vishnu-preserver, Shiva-destroyer)
Reincarnation. Dharma: rules and obligations. Karma: fate based on how dharma was met.
Moshka: highest state of being, release of soul
Vedas and Upanishads
Caste System: Rigid social structure, born into caste, must perform certain job, or Jati.
Ganges is sacred river, performance of rituals
Spawned Buddhism
Caste System
ShudrasShudras
VaishyasVaishyas
Kshatriyas Kshatriyas
Pariahs [Harijan] UntouchablesPariahs [Harijan] Untouchables
BrahminsBrahmins
Buddhism
Beliefs, Practices, Holy Books Significance
India, Nepal
563 B.C.E.
Spread throughout
India, China, Japan, S.E.
Asia
Missionary Religion
Founded by Siddhartha Guatama
No Supreme Being– Buddha “Enlightened one”
Four Noble Truths – Life is suffering caused by desire, follow Eight Fold Path
Nirvana, state of perfect peace and harmony
path may take several lifetimes: Reincarnation, Dharma, Karma
Theraveda: meditation, harmony, Buddha not a god (Lesser Vehicle)
Mahayana: more complex, greater ritual, reliance on priests. Buddha a diety
No Caste system, appealed to lower classes.
Not attached to social structure, spread rapidly to other cultures.
Ashoka adopted Buddhism.
Force of cultural diffusion via trade, Silk Road, missionary Religion
Legalism
Beliefs, Practices, Holy Books Significance
China
500 B.C.E.
Founded by Han Feizi
The Q’in Dynasty- Shi Huangdi
Peace & order through centralized, tightly controlled state
Mistrust of human nature; reliance on tough laws
Punish those who break laws, reward those who follow
2 most worthy jobs: farmer, soldier
Accomplished swift reunification of China.
Completion of projects like the Great Wall.
Caused widespread resentment among common people, led to wider acceptance of Confucianism-Daoism.
Confucianism
Beliefs, Practices, Holy Books Significance
China
500 B.C.E.
Spread to Japan,
S.E. Asia
Founded by Confucius (Kong Fu Tse)
Political-social philosophy, not religion
Moral, ethical, also practical – The Analects
Five Right relationships = right society: Parent to Child (Filial Piety), Ruler to Subject, Older to Younger, Husband to Wife, Friend to Friend.
Education is valuable and everyone should be able to get one. Become a gentleman.
Put aside personal ambition for good of state
As a ethical, social, political belief system it was compatible with other religions, could practice Buddhism and Confucianism
Embraced by Han, Tang, Song, Ming Dynasties. Civil Service Exam
Daoism-Taoism
Beliefs, Practices, Holy Books Significance
China
500 B.C.E.
Founded by Lao-tzu, philosopher
Dao = “The Way” (of nature/cosmos)
Wu wei- non-doing, harmony with nature
Eternal principles, passive, yielding. Like water, yet strong, shaping.
Yin-Yang – symbol of balance in nature
Self-sufficient communities
Counter to Confucian activism
Emphasis on harmony w/ nature leads gains: astronomy, botany, chemistry
Co-existed w/Confucianism, Buddhism, Legalism
Added to complexity of Chinese culture
Judaism
Beliefs, Practices, Holy Books Significance
Middle East,
Caanan Jerusalem
3000 B.C.E.
Founded by Abraham, Moses
Hebrews were chosen by God, special status
Personal relationship with God – a covenant
Afterlife, tradition, doctrines, philosophy, personal salvation.
To honor, serve God, promote prophets – Wailing Wall
A religion & culture – Torah, Talmud
10 Commandments, waiting for messiah
The First Monotheistic Belief System
Led to Christianity and Islam
Forced migration – Exodus, Diaspora, Holocaust
Like Hinduism – Stationary faith
Christianity
Beliefs, Practices, Holy Books Significance Middle East,
Jerusalem
30 C.E.
Spread north and
west throughout Europe,
Americas
Founded by Jesus of Nazareth - Bible
Splinter group of Jews, quickly spread throughout Roman Empire despite persecution
Jesus, son of God, Messiah of Jewish prophecy
Devotion to God, love of fellow man - monotheistic
Jesus sent to redeem man from sin
Salvation by faith in divinity, death, and resurrection of Jesus.
Crucified by Roman gov’t 30 CE
Emphasis on salvation, eternal life after death appealed to lower classes, women
Combo of religion & empire = huge impact on political, social development of Europe Missionary Religion
Islam
Beliefs, Practices, Holy Books Significance
Middle East,
Mecca, Medina,
Jerusalem
622 C.E.
Spread North Africa,
S.E.Asia, U.S.
Founded by Muhammad- Prophet – Koran
Five Pillars of Faith:
Allah is one true God, Prophet is Muhammad
Pray Five times a day facing Mecca
Almsgiving – give to the poor
Ramadan – Fasting
Hajj – Pilgrimage to Mecca
Can not eat pork, gamble, drink alcohol, smoke
Jihad – Struggle in God’s service
Led to Islamic Empires Umayyad Caliphate, Abbasids, Ottoman, Mughal
Shiite-Sunni Split
Crusades – Holy wars
Missionary religion
Shintoism
Beliefs, Practices, Holy Books Significance
Japan
500BCE
No founder
God in all of us and in all of nature. Our body is the visible temple for the soul.
Anaterasu is the Sun Goddess and main god or kami. Emperor is descendant and was seen as divine
“Tori” is the symbol of prosperity in Shintoism and the sacred gates that are found in front of all Shinto temples in Japan. People write wishes on the Tori gates wishing for good health, wealth and prosperity.
There are no written doctrines
There are gods in every object in nature (Kami)
Animist - Ancestor veneration
Justified power of Emperor
During Meiji Restoration, Shintoism was used to unite Japanese
During WWII, Kamikaze pilots sacrificed themselves for their Emperor
Big Picture Themes!
Nomads are major outside threat to sedentary peoples and impact Civs.
Golden Age of Religion – Power in government - Rise and Spread of Islam
Foundations and Classical eras of civilization Classical Era – achievements in arts, architecture, science, Math, weapons, metals, literature
Religion and goods spread over the Silk Road
Unit I
Extensive land routes and regional water routes World Religions of Judaism, Christianity, Hinduism and Buddhism are established
Unit II
Land and sea routes expand! Indian Ocean, Trans-Saharan, River networks in Russia and Africa
Religion and goods spread over Silk Road
Golden Age of Nomads! Continue to be biggest outside threat to civilization and Empire
Classical Civs collapse – Rise of Post Classical Civs - continue to achieve in different ways.
Development of Empire and spread of civilizations