unit ig2 risk assessment

© Copyright Green world Group

GWG

Element 6:

Musculoskeletal Health

Unit IG2 – Risk Assessment


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Learning Outcomes

6.1 Describe workplace activities that may cause work-related upper limb

disorders (WRULD) and appropriate control measures for these activities

6.2 Outline the hazards and control measures which should be

considered when assessing risks from manual handling activities

6.3 Outline the hazards and controls to reduce the risk from the use of

load handling equipment.


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Meaning and Scope of WRULD

Musculoskeletal diseases are

diseases of the muscles and their

associated ligaments and other

connective tissue and of the bones

and cartilage viewed collectively.

Work–Related Upper Limb

Disorders (WRULDs) is a generic

term for many different medical

conditions that affect the arms and

hands.


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Work-Related Upper Limb Disorder

Examples of repetitive actions that cause WRULDs include:

• Repetitive keyboard operation

• Hand, or arm movements such as bricklaying

• Pushing, pulling, lifting or reaching movements, e.g. assembling

packing boxes

• Work on a production line

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Work-Related Upper Limb Disorder


Ill Health effects of poorly designed tasks and workstations

• Carpal tunnel syndrome

• Bursitis

• Tennis elbow

• Tendonitis Bursitis

Tennis Elbow

Tendonitis

Carpel tunnel syndrome


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Risk Assessment

The Task

• Strenuous pulling or pushing

• Repetitive handling

• Insufficient rest

• Work rate

The Environment

• Lighting

• Ventilation

• Temperature

• Space

Equipment

• Design

• Adjustability


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• Design or redesign the task, equipment, workstation

• Automation

• Regular breaks / Job rotation

• Training

• Medical surveillance

• Assessment of individuals for task

Control Measures


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Use of DSE or computers is a common workplace activity that has

several associated ill-health issues:

• Musculoskeletal Disorders

• Eye and eyesight problems

• Fatigue and stress

Display Screen Equipment


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DSE- Risk Assessment

Factors to consider during RA

• Organization

Job rotation, procedures,..

• Individual

Physical characteristics, training

• Equipment

Seating posture, keyboard position,

chair design,..

• Environment

Noise, lighting,..


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• Seat back adjustable

• Good lumbar support

• Seat height adjustable

• No excess pressure on underside of

thighs and backs of knees

• Foot support if needed

• Space for postural change, no obstacles

under desk

• Forearms approximately horizontal

• Wrists not excessively bent

• Screen height and angle to allow

comfortable head position

• Space in front of keyboard to support

hands

DSE- Workstation Requirements

End-of-Section Quiz


Which of the following is NOT a symptom of WRULD?

a. Restriction in joint movement

b. Soft tissue swelling

c. Eye strain

d. Pain to the back

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GWGUnit IG2: Element 6.2

Manual Handling


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“Supporting or moving a load by bodily force or hand.”

This includes lifting, lowering, pulling, pushing and carrying of

inanimate objects like bags, parcel boxes and live objects like

handling animals and people.

Manual Handling

Manual Handling Injury


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External Injuries

• Cuts

• Bruises

• Crush injuries

Internal Injuries

• Muscle injuries

• Hernia

• Disc injury

• Ligament tear

Manual Handling - RA


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Factors

• The Load

• The Individual capability

• The Task

• The Environment


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The Task The Individual The Load The Environment

• Holding loads away

from trunk

• Twisting

• Stooping

• Reaching

• Distance

• Strenuous pulling or

pushing

• Repetitive handling

• Rest breaks• Work rate

• Sex

• Physical

strength

• Stature

• State of health

• Level of training

• Hazards to

pregnant

women

• Weight

• Size and bulk

• Easy shape to lift?

• Stability

• Centre of gravity

• Grip

points/handles?

• Is it hot, sharp,

etc?

• Lighting

• Ventilation

• Obstacles

• Temperature

• Floor conditions • Space available



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Safe Lifting Technique

• Assess the load

• Position feet apart

• Bend the knees and crouch to the load

• Adopt a good posture

• Maintain a straight back with the natural spinal curve by lifting the head

• Secure the grip

• Lift using the thigh muscles

• Keep the load close to the body

• Move the feet - avoid twisting at the waist

• Put down, then adjust – slide to the desired position


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Precautions

• Avoid manual handling

• Risk reduction

• Automation and Mechanization

• Team handling /Smaller lighter

loads

• Selection of Individuals

• Training

• Good environment and working

conditions

• Job rotation

Manual Handling- Precautions

End-of-Section Quiz


Worker’s stature is a ____ factor to be considered when undertaking manual handling risk assessment?

a. Load

b. Individual

c. Task

d. Environment

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Unit IG2: Element 6.3

Load Handling Equipment


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Manually Operated Load Handling Equipment

Risk Factors:

• Poor maintenance

• Not designed for the working

condition and environment

• Not user-friendly

• Poor design

• Trapped feet

• Manual handling risks

Precautions

• Pre-use check

• Plan the lift

• Ensure load is stable and secured

• Safe working load

• Regular maintenance

• Avoid uneven ground

• Follow manufacturers

recommendations

• Use of brakes


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People Handling Aids

Hazards

• Inappropriate selection

• Equipment damage

• Instability

• Limited maneuverability

• Incompatible

• Heavy

• Misuse

Precautions

• Risk assessment

• Selection of appropriate type and

size of sling

• Manufacturer’s recommendations• Inspection

• No obstructions

• Competent personnel

• Do not leave the person ignored in

the hoist or aid


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Powered Load Handling Equipment

• Forklift truck

• Hoists

• Conveyors

• Cranes

• Lifting Accessories

Hazards

• Overturning

• Fall of the load

• Striking of pedestrians

• Fall or entrapment of a person

riding on the forks

• Fall from loading dock

Precautions

• Restricting use to trained operators only

• Routine visual inspection

• Routine maintenance

• Never use to lift people

• Ensure that the load is secure and stable

• SWL is not exceeded

• Observing site speed limit

• No drive with forks raised

• No drive with obstructed vision


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Forklift Truck

Hazards

• Failure of the chains, slings, etc.

• Struck by the moving components

of the hoist

• Being hit by materials falling from

the platforms

• Falling down the hoist way from a

platform

• Hitting against landing levels riding

goods hoists

Precautions

• Controls only operated from one position

• Clear visibility of landings

• Secure objects being carried on goods hoists

• Avoid overfilling items on goods lifts

• Do not carry loose items on goods lifts

• No passengers on goods lifts

• Safe working load clearly marked

• Hoist properly examined and tested

• Suitable fencing and gates at all levels

• Training


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Hoists

Hazards

• Entrapment

• Contact with moving parts

• Entanglement with roller, drive

mechanisms

• Striking products falling from

heights

• Impact injury

• Products falling off

• Slips-- fall under rollers

• Manual handling of material

• Sound – mechanical movements

Precautions

• Warning alarms or sirens

• Guarding of moving parts

• Ensuring that emergency stop buttons or

pull-cords are fitted and available

• Barriers to exclude people from the area

• Fitting guards

• Information, instruction and training for

operators

• Controlling loose clothing and long hair

• Maintenance

• Provision of a defect reporting system


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Conveyors

Hazards

• Overturning

• Overloading

• Accident with other cranes

• Failure of Support

• Loss of Load from failure of lifting

tackle or slinging procedure

• Failure of load bearing part

• High winds

Precautions

• Safe lifting capacity of the crane should be

marked on the crane

• Stable ground

• Using the out triggers correctly

• Checking that the crane has been

maintained

• Restricting use of the crane to trained and

competent operators

• Ensuring that each lift is planned and

supervised

• Providing a banksman

• Ensuring that safety devices are operational

• Checking that there are no obstructions

• Checking weather conditions

• Lifting the load as close to the ground as

possible

• Never lifting the load directly over a person

• Using PPE

• Using signs to warn of the operations


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Cranes

Lifting accessories like chains, wire ropes, nylon slings, or eye-bolts

and shackles• In good condition

• Fitted to the load by competent people

• Regularly checked by pre-use visual inspection


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Lifting Accessories

End-of-Section Quiz


Which of the following is not a ‘Powered Load Handling Equipment’?a. Pallet trucks

b. Conveyors

c. Cranes

d. Forklift trucks

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End-of-Element Quiz


1. Musculoskeletal disorder includes pain and disorders in the

a. Upper limbs, lower limbs and the back

b. Upper limbs only

c. Lower limbs only

d. Back only

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2. The control of ergonomic risk can be achieved by introducing changes to ___

to suit the individuals carrying out the work.

a. The task

b. The business

c. The working hours

d. All the above

End-of-Element Quiz


3. Ligaments are connective tissues that join bone to bone.

a. True

b. FalseGWG

4. Battery-powered trucks are commonly used in indoor workplaces.

a. True

b. False

5. Poorly designed workstations contribute to which of the following risks from

the use of Display Screen Equipment (DSE).

a. Neck pain

b. Lower back discomfort

c. Slips and fall

d. Both (a) & (b)


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