“The will the win is important, but the

will to prepare is vital”

-Joe Paterno, legendary football coach

Important Terminology:• Human Growth• Skills• Motor Learning• Sport Psychology• Coaching

Unit Overview:Motor Learning and Skills Development

• Components of human development• Chronological age• Skeletal age• Developmental age• Morphology• Stages of human development• Phases of human movement• Factors affecting physical growth• Cognitive development• Piaget’s four stages of cognitive development• Socialization

Human Growth & Development

Human Growth and

Development

PhysicalCognitive

MotorSocial

Areas of Human Development

• Question: Why is it important to understand human growth and development?

Answer:

4 Areas of Human Development:1. Physical 2. Cognitive3. Motor 4. Social

4 Areas of Human Development• Physical Development

– Growth and development of the body’s muscles, bones, energy systems, and the nervous system.

• Cognitive Development

4 Areas of Human Development • Motor or Skills Development

– Combination of physical and cognitive development.

– Humans develop ability to perform a wide range of tasks.

• Social Development

Age and Physical Development• Chronological Age

– • Skeletal Age

– Age indicated by physical maturity of skeleton.– Degree of bone ossification.– Factors such as nutrition, disease, and injury can

cause lag.• Developmental Age

Human Morphology• 3 Key Body Types:•

– More fatty tissue and thicker body parts.•

– Matures early, stocky, heavily muscled, broader bodies.

• – Later to reach maturity, thinner body, narrow hips,

longer arms and legs.

Morphology?

Stages of Physical Human Growth and Development

• Four Basic Stages:– Infancy / Toddler (0–3 Years)– Childhood (4-10 Years)– Puberty / Adolescence (11-18 Years)– Adulthood (18+)

Infancy / Toddler• Most marked growth in humans.

– Double birth weight in 6 mos. and triple in _____.– By end of second yr. brain is ____of adult wt.– Body length will increase by about ___– Considerable muscular development.

• Gains in ability to perform basic tasks.– Grasp, crawl, pull to stand, walk.

• Most master walking by age _____• Most master running by age _____

Childhood• Relatively long compared to other animals.• From 6-10 yrs. the body “stabilizes”

– Uniform relationship between bone / tissue growth and development occurs.

• Rapid stage of growth from 4-6 yrs.•

Puberty / Adolescence• Growth (physical and psychological) speeds up

during this phase.• “Growth spurt” where boys b/cm men and

girls b/cm women – sexual maturity.• _____________triggers growth in both sexes.• Marked changes in physical appearance.• -• -

Adulthood• Most growth has taken place.• Other physical changes:• Weight gain, reduced oxygen capacity, rise in

blood pressure, joint deterioration.•

Different Rates of Growth for Different Body Parts

• – Growth progresses fastest in the head, followed by

the trunk and then the extremities.•

– Body movements that originate closer to the centre of the body seem to develop earlier than those that originate further from the centre.

Grab a textbook…• Describe the 4 Phases of Movement (page 250).• What are the 5 key factors affecting physical growth?

(page 251)• Explain Piaget’s four stages of cognitive development

(page 253).• What’s the difference between socialization and

friendship? (page 254)• Examine the checklist on page 255. This was

developed to track the social development of pre-schoolers. What attributes stand out to you? Why?