unit: review topic: the french revolution mrs. johnson september 14, 2011
TRANSCRIPT
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Unit: ReviewTopic: The French Revolution
Mrs. Johnson September 14, 2011
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1.Causes of the FR
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A. The three social classes (First, Second, and Third Estate) were unequal and only the Third Estate paid taxes.
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DO NOT COPY THE FOLLOWING
CHARTS.
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First Estate (1% of population)
Clergy of the Catholic ChurchPaid no taxes
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Second Estate (2% of population)
Rich nobles, held highest offices in
government
Paid no taxes
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Third Estate (97% of population)
Included the bourgeoisie (middle class) and
peasants,paid half their income in rent to nobles, tithes to the church, and taxes to
the King
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B. King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette spent more money than France had.
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C. Enlightenment ideas of equality and representative gov’t began to spread.
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2. The Revolution
Begins (1792)
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A. The Third Estate vows to make their own constitution (the Tennis Court Oath).
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B. The storming of the Bastille on June 14, 1789 starts the Revolution.
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They declared France a republic; in 1793, King Louis XVI and Marie were executed for treason.
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• On January 21, 1793, Louis XVI was one of the first to be executed by guillotine.
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• Calm and dignified, Marie Antoinette rode in the death cart past jeering crowds. On the scaffold, she accidentally stepped on her executioner’s foot. “Monsieur,” she apologized, “I beg your pardon. I did not do it on purpose.” Those were her last words.
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• Over the next 10 years, France has three different governments and experiences the slaughter of thousands of aristocrats and nobles (the Reign of Terror).
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3. Napoleon Bonaparte
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A. Napoleon Bonaparte was a military officer who overthrew the weak Directory in 1799.
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Napoleon took the title “Emperor of the French,” giving himself absolute power.
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B. From 1804-1814, Napoleon creates an empire, taking over most of Europe.
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C. When Napoleon tries and fails to invade Russia, this leads to his eventual defeat.
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4. Napoleon’s
Legacy
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• Napoleon’s enemies were rewarded with land and other nations were compensated for land taken.
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• But the people of Europe had no say over territorial changes and Language, nationality, and religion weren’t taken into consideration!
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• Buffer states were designed to prevent France from again becoming a threat.
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A. European leaders met at the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to create peace, order, and stability.
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B. Land was taken from France, given to Russia and Italy, and Germany was split into 38 confederations.
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A. Nationalism (pride in your country) led people to revolt against Napoleon.
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