unit six: personality and gender personality
TRANSCRIPT
Unit Six: Personality and GenderPersonality
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Warm Up 02/27
• Do you agree with the results of the psychological Inventory?
• Would you say that a different personality type fits better? If so, which one?
Psychoanalytic Approach• Personality is a product of Unconscious Motives• Freud’s Idea
• The mind is like an iceberg.• The Iceberg as a Personality Structure
• Id, Ego, Super Ego
Conscious Mind“EGO”
Preconscious Mind“Super Ego”
Unconscious Mind“Id”
Personality: Psychoanalytic • Personality Structure is comprised of the Id, Ego and Super Ego.
• Personality is a result of the conflict between the different levels of consciousness in our mind.
• Id: • Operates out of the pleasure principle • Unconscious sexual and aggressive urges
• Ego:• Operates out of the reality principle• Conscious understanding of rules and consequences• Acts as a mediator between Id and Super
• Super ego: • Operates out of the moral principle,• Represents the preconscious mind. • Acts as our conscience.
Personality: Psychoanalytic• Types of Defense Mechanisms
• Repression• Banishing anxiety-causing stimuli to the unconscious
• Displacement• Serves as an outlet for redirected anxiety.
• Projection• Unwanted thoughts are blamed on others.
• Denial • Refusing to accept a fact or its seriousness.
RegressionRetreating to an earlier development sage.
RationalizationJustification that hides ourselves.
Reaction FormationActing the opposite.
SublimationMaking unacceptable urges acceptable.
Smile :)
• Regression• Retreating to an earlier development sage.
• Rationalization• Justification that hides ourselves.
• Reaction Formation• Acting the opposite.
• Sublimation• Making unacceptable urges acceptable.
Warm Up• Describe your Personality.
Personality: PsychodynamicRevised Psychoanalytic, developed by Neofreudians.
Personality: Psychoanalytic• Reading the Unconscious Mind
• Psychoanalysis- Freud’s personality theory and therapeutic process/techniques.
• Free Association• Saying whatever comes to mind, where Freud could identify repressed
memories and release them through treatment.• Dream Analysis
• Interpretation of Dreams; listening to the manifest content (conscious recollection) and interpreting the latent content (unconscious meaning)
• Freudian Slips• Slips of the tongue or linguistic mistakes “can’t come in today, grandmother
lied, er, I mean, died. • Defense Mechanisms
• Ego is responsible for the Id, but sometimes fears losing control. Hence, the protection of the ego that reduces anxiety of fears by redirecting or distorting reality.
NeoFreudians• Carl Jung
• A good relationship gone bad…• Yes to Unconscious No to sexual and aggressive urges…• Emphasis of mysticism and religion on human behavior• Collective unconscious- a store of human concepts shared by all
people cross-culturally • Archetypes- ideas and images of the accumulated experience of all human
beings• Young hero, nurturing mother, wise woman, hostile brother, fairy godmothers,
wicked witches
NeoFreudians• Alfred Adler
• Behavior is the result of the motivation to overcome feelings of inferiority- Inferiority Complex
• Physical problems- overcompensation• Leftover childhood- sibling rivalry• Self-Awareness plays an important role in personality
• The Creative Self- what we use to overcome obstacles
NeoFreudians• Karen Horney (HawrN-Eye)
• Child experiences affect development of adult personality• Dependent children yield basic anxiety caused by feelings of
insecurity• Agreed with Freud about Repression• Consistent and genuine love would rectify situation
• We are the sum of our parts…• Allport cataloged 18000 traits• Hans Eysenk focused on two personality dimensions
• D-1 Introversion and Extroversion• D-2 Instability and Stability
• The Big 5 says all traits can be reduced to 5 personality dimensions
Trait Approach
• BIG 5 Continued• 1- Extroversion
• Talkative assertive active vs silence passivity reserve• 2-Aggreeableness
• Kindness, trust, warmth vs hostility distrust• 3-Conscientiousness
• Organization thoroughness reliability vs carelessness negligence unreliability
• 4-Openness• Imagination, curiosity creativity vs shallow
• 5-Stability• Reliability coping vs nervousness moodiness
Personality Character Sketch• Create your own character • Using the trait approach rank how your character would look
on the “big 5”• Give them:
• A name• A label – “brain” “jock” “princess” etc. try to be original • A complete character sketch (interests, hobbies, favorite food
etc.)• Draw a picture of the person
Warm Up• Where does your personality come from?
• nature or nurture?
Psycho Eval• What’s Good?• What’s Bad?
Warm Up
1.What are the “Big 5” Traits? List them.2.Which Freudian Defense Mechanism would involve having a
temper tantrum if you don’t get your way?3.The hero, earth mother, wise woman, and gentle giant are all
examples of what?
Personality: Learning/BehaviorismHow does Learning Affect our Personality?
Learning Approach• Watson and Skinner - Behaviorism
• Environmental influences shape us • Socialization- process by which people learn the socially desirable
behaviors of their particular culture and adopt them as part of their personalities
• No to personal freedom and direction
Learning Approach• Social Learning Theory
• Albert Bandura (Bo Bo)• Disagreed with Skinner• There are internal variables that also influence how we interact in
situations• Skills
• Physical and social abilities• Values
• How we assess the outcome of a behavior affects how we act• Goals
• Behaving in a way to achieve personal goals• Expectations
• Our predictions of what will happen affect how we behave• Self-Efficacy
• What beliefs we have about ourselves will determine how we act
Learning Evaluation• The good
• Personalities are products of environment- culturally consistent• The not-so-good
• No cognition• No explanation of why
Humanistic Approach• Maslow
• Humans are unique in that they recognize their desire to achieve self-actualization
• Each person’s path is different• Self-actualization involves risks
Humanistic Approach
• Rogers• Humans are conscious architects of their own personalities
• Self-Theory- personality revolves around sense of self• Self-Concept- view of oneself as an individual
• Recognizing values and establishing a sense of one’s relationships to others• The TWO selves…not MPD
• Actual & Ideal
Humanistic Approach• Rogers Con’t
• Self Concept and Congruence• Our impressions of ourselves and evaluations of our adequacy shape
our self-concept• Congruency- consistency between self-concept and experience
• Key to happiness and healthy adjustment• Self-Esteem and Positive Regard
• We develop a need for self-esteem- belief in oneself/ self-respect• Self-Esteem begins in early childhood development
• Unconditional Positive Regard- Parent’s total acceptance• Conditional Positive Regard- Parent’s acceptance dependent upon success
• Cannot live to others’ expectations while remaining true to self• We act out when we are personally frustrated• One must be genuine in searching for self
Humanistic Evaluation• Such positive perception of humanity
• Freedom of choice• Conscious experience
• All about me• Conscious experience is always….subjective
Warm Up• Would your personality be different if you were from another
culture?• Gender?• Race?• Religion?
Socio-Cultural Approach• What’s culture got to do with it…do with it?
• The roles of ethnicity, gender and culture play on the formation of personality
• Individualism vs Collectivism• I- societies whose members define themselves in terms of
personal identities• C- societies whose members define themselves in terms of the
groups to which they belong• Socio-cultural factors and the self
• Social factors affect self-concept and self-esteem• Ethnicity, gender, socioeconomic status• Groups we subscribe to shape our reality
Socio-Cultural Approach• Acculturation and Self-Esteem
• Acculturation- process of adapting to a new or different culture• Complete assimilation• Separation of new culture• Bicultural adaption
• Bicultural persons have higher self-esteem• Maintain a sense of self
