unit two targets: biochemistry - … · web viewcompare and contrast the processes of aerobic...

Cellular RespirationUnit 7 Targets

CONTENT-BASED TARGETS Text Reference Labs, activities, handouts

# test pts

IBI 2

Describe the location, function, reactants, products, enzymatic actions, and ATP production for Glycolysis.

9.2 Target Practice/Wiki 10

IIBI 2 Describe the location, function, reactants, products,

enzymatic actions, and ATP production for Intermediate Step (Bridge Reaction).


IIIBI 2

Describe the location, function, reactants, products, enzymatic actions, and ATP production for Krebs (Citric Acid) Cycle.


IVBI 2

Describe the location, function, reactants, products, membrane proteins, & enzymatic actions for Electron Transport Chain. Explain how the chemiosmosis model generates ATP.


VBI 2

Identify mathematical relationships describing conversions from one molecule to another. Examples: 1 glucose yields 2 pyruvate, 1 NADH makes 3 ATP in ETC, 1 FADH2 makes 2 ATP in ETC, each pyruvate makes 3 NADH and 1 FADH2

in Kreb’s, etc…

9.2-9.4 Target Practice/Wiki 4

VIBI 2

Describe the connection between glycolysis and the fermentation reactions (alcoholic and lactic acid) in anaerobic respiration. Describe the location, function, reactants, products, and enzymatic actions for each step. Be able to summarize inputs and outputs for the entire anaerobic process including ATP production.


VIIBI 2 Compare and contrast the processes of aerobic

cellular respiration in the mitochondria and photosynthesis in the chloroplast.

10.2 (p. 196-198)

Target Practice/Wiki 2

VIIIBI 2

Identify and explain the significance of redox reactions, oxidative phosphorylation, substrate-level phosphorylation, decarboxylation, and hydrolysis in the biochemical pathways of aerobic cellular respiration.


IXBI 2

Apply the first law of thermodynamics to the relationship between exergonic reactions, endergonic reactions, catabolism, anabolism and energy transfer (ATP & heat).

8.1-8.3 Target Practice/Wiki 5

XBI 2

Describe the structure of ATP. Explain how the hydrolysis and regeneration of ATP relates to metabolism.


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PROCESS-BASED TARGETSA

SP 2, 4, 5, 6

Conduct an experiment and analyze the data to determine the effect of various factors on the rate of cellular respiration using colorimeters and Logger Pro computer software.

Cellular Respiration Lab

2 MC

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The Cellular Respiration Story (Practice related to TARGETS I through X)

Using the following list of words, fill in the blanks with the correct term. Some terms may be used more than once.

Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain, pyruvate, ATP, NADH/H+, cytoplasm, oxygen, carbon dioxide (CO2), matrix of mitochondria, FADH2, proton (H+), gradient, mitochondria, inner membrane, electron carriers, proton (H+) pumps, protons (H+), intermembrane space, matrix, electron transport chain, glucose, ATP synthase, phosphate, ADP, greater, diffuse, electrons, chemiosmosis, water.

Aerobic cellular respiration is composed of three steps. The steps, in order, are _______________, ________________ and ____________________________. During _____________, some of the potential energy of a primary foodstuff, e.g., the sugar ____________, is released during a series of chemical reactions that occur in the ____________ of the cell. Glucose, a six-carbon sugar molecule, is converted to two molecules of ______________, a three-carbon molecule. In addition, a small amount of the total energy in glucose is stored in a few molecules of ________, the energy carrier of the cell, and some high-energy, electron carriers ________________. Glycolysis does not require _____________ and does not generate the gas ________________________.

_______________, the end product of glycolysis is converted to acetyl CoA, with the release of one molecule of carbon dioxide, for further processing by the __________________ that occurs in the ________________________________. In the Krebs cycle some high energy, electron carriers _______________ and ________________, and ________, energy carrier, are generated. Two ______________ molecules are released for each cycle of the Krebs cycle.

Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle generate only a small amount of _____ – only 4 molecules per molecule of glucose. A large amount of the chemical energy from glucose is stored in the form of the electron carriers NADH/H+

generated during ________________ and ______________ and FADH2 generated only during the _________________.

The _________________________ converts the energy stored in NADH/H+

and FADH2 into potential energy in the form of a ___________________. The electron transport chain is a series of proteins located in the ______________________________. The proteins act as __________________ and some of them are __________________. The first protein of the electron transport chain accepts ________________ from _______________ regenerating

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NAD+ that returns to function in either glycolysis or the Krebs cycle. Electrons are then transferred sequentially down the _______________________. The final electron acceptor is ____________ which combines with hydrogen ions (H+) to form _______________. The energy released as the electrons move through certain electron carriers is used to pump ____________ from the _____________ of mitochondria into the ____________________ of mitochondria. This results in the __________________ that serves as a potential energy source. The concentration of protons is _________________ in the intermembrane space than in the matrix of the mitochondria. The protons cannot freely _____________ across the inner membrane of the mitochondria. Protons move across the inner membrane via a large protein called _________________; the energy released by the movement of _______________ through the protein is used to add a _____________ group to _______ to create ____________. This process is called _________________________________.

Rotenone (a moderately toxic pesticide) inhibits the transfer of _______________ to the first electron carrier of the _______________________. Therefore there is no electron transport chain activity to generate a ______________________. Without the proton gradient, no ______ can be made via chemiosmosis. Other inhibitory compounds like dintrophenol that make the ___________________ of the mitochondria leaky (permeable), block the formation of the ____________________ necessary to drive ATP synthesis via chemiosmosis.

URL: http://zoology.okstate.edu/zoo_lrc/biol1114/study_guides/scenarios/Handouts/aerobic_story.pdf

Thanks to Dr. Hoefnagels and Dr. French at Oklahoma State University for permission to use this resource.

Targets I-IV

Describe the location, function, reactants, products, enzymatic actions, and ATP production for Glycolysis.Describe the location, function, reactants, products, enzymatic actions, and ATP production for Intermediate Step (Bridge Reaction). Describe the location, function, reactants, products, enzymatic actions, and ATP production for Krebs (Citric Acid) Cycle. Describe the location, function, reactants, products, membrane proteins, & enzymatic actions for Electron Transport Chain. Explain how the chemiosmosis model generates ATP.

1. Draw a cell that contains a mitochondrion, nucleus, and cytoplasm. Put a star where glycolysis occurs, a circle where the bridge reaction occurs, a square where the Krebs cycle occurs, and a triangle where the ETC occurs.

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2. Fill out the following chartGlycolysis Bridge Reaction Krebs Cycle ETC

Location

Function

Reactants

Products

ATPproduction (amount)

Is NADH made or used? (amount)

Is FADH2 made or used? (amount)

Is Oxygen used?

2. Label the following diagram showing how the ETC works.

Target V- Identify mathematical relationships describing conversions from one molecule to another.

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1. In the _______________, _________glucose yields_______pyruvate, ______NADH, and a net of _______ATP.

2. In the bridge reaction, _________pyruvate yields ________CO2, _______NADH, and ______acetyl COAUse the following diagram to answer the questions below.

3. For each pyruvate, ________CO2 ________NADH, ________FADH2, and _______ATP are produced.4. What is the fate of the NADH and FADH2?

Target VI- Describe the connection between glycolysis and the fermentation reactions (alcoholic and lactic acid) in anaerobic respiration. Describe the location, function, reactants, products, and enzymatic actions for each step. Be able to summarize inputs and outputs for the entire anaerobic process including ATP production.

1. Fill in the diagram below:

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2. Why is carbon dioxide a product for alcoholic fermentation but not for lactic acid fermentation?

3. What types of cells do anaerobic respiraiton?

4. Why don’t all cells do this type of respiration?

5. Which cells do alcoholic fermentation and which do lactic acid fermentation?

6. When would cells in your body do fermentation? What occurs when that happens?

7. Anaerobic threshold is a term that means “The level above which pyruvate—an intermediate product of anaerobic metabolism—is produced faster than it can be used aerobically; unused pyruvate splits into lactate (lactic acid) and positively charged hydrogen ions; continued exercise above the lactate, or anaerobic, threshold results in accumulation of these ions—acidosis—causing exhaustion and intramuscular pain” Why does developing a strong cardiovascular system increase the anaerobic threshold?

Target VII- Compare and contrast the processes of aerobic cellular respiration in the mitochondria and photosynthesis in the chloroplast.

1. Make a Venn Diagram comparing and contrasting aerobic cellular respiration and photosynthesis.

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2. State 4 ways that photosynthesis and aerobic respiration are opposite processes.

3. Plants are to photosynteheis as animals are to __________________. (Hint—the answer IS NOT RESPIRATION)

Target VIII- Identify and explain the significance of redox reactions, oxidative phosphorylation, substrate-level phosphorylation, decarboxylation, and hydrolysis in the biochemical pathways of aerobic cellular respiration.

1. Fill in the following chartDefinition Where it occurs during or before cellular

respirationOxidative Phosphorylation

Substrate level phosphorylation

Decarboxylation

Hydrolysis

Oxidation

Reduction

Target IX- Apply the first law of thermodynamics to the relationship between exergonic reactions, endergonic reactions, catabolism, anabolism and energy transfer (ATP & heat).

1. State the first law of thermodynamics in words.

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2. How are catabolism and anabolism related?

3. Use words from the target to fill in the blanks. Cellular respiration is a __________________reaction. Energy is transferred from _______to _______and some is given off as _____________. This makes it a _____________reaction.

Target X- Describe the structure of ATP. Explain how the hydrolysis and regeneration of ATP relates to metabolism.

1. Label the picture below

2. On the picture above, show where the bond is that is continually broken and reformed.3. When the bond from number 2 is broken, ____________is made and energy is

____________

4. When does the forward reaction occur? When does the reverse reaction occur?

ATP --- ADP + P

5. During many catabolic reactions, ATP is __________, while during many anabolic reactions, ATP is ___________

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unit two targets: biochemistry - … · web viewcompare and contrast the processes of aerobic...

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