Unit Two Test ReviewMs. Macemore

What was Unit Two all about??Unit Two was titled “A New Nation,” and all the literature we covered within it related to the establishment of our country as a nation.

We also worked pretty heavily with the art of constructing an argument to persuade someone to do something.

What Did We Read?

Patrick Henry’s “Speech to the Second Virginia Convention”

Thomas Jefferson’s “The Declaration of Independence”

Thomas Paine’s “The Crisis”

What Major Topics Did We Cover? Persuasive Rhetoric Tone Text Structure Argumentative Essays Parallel structure

Persuasive Rhetoric Pathos Logos Ethos Parallelism Antithesis Repetition Rhetorical Question Appeal to authority Appeal to association

Persuasive RhetoricLogos – uses LOGIC to convince reader.

Pathos – uses EMOTION to convince reader.

Ethos – uses TRUST and CREDIBILITY to convince the reader.

ParallelismA balance in one or more sentences in which several phrases are used that have balanced grammatical structure.

“We have remonstrated, we have supplicated, we have prostrated…”

(from Patrick Henry’s Speech to the Second Virginia Convention)

AntithesisTwo opposing or contrasting ideas presented in grammatically balanced structure.

“Give me liberty, or give me death!”

(from Patrick Henry’s Speech to the Second Virginia Convention)

Repetition

The repeating of words or phrases for the purpose of emphasis.

“Let it come; I repeat, sir, let it come!”

(from Patrick Henry’s Speech to the Second Virginia Convention)

Rhetorical QuestionA question to which the speaker does not expect an answer; it is asked simply to prove a point.

“Is it that insidious smile with which our petition has been lately received? Why stand we here idle?”

(from Patrick Henry’s Speech to the Second Virginia Convention)

Appeal to authority When you attempt to give an argument credibility or believability by

using ‘authority’ to back-up (or corroborate) your point.

“Three out of four dentists prefer Crest!”

What argument is being used above?

How are they attempting to use authority to appeal to me?

Appeal to associationThis is when a writer attempts to persuade you by

using someone else to convince you. This person or thing is something desirable or that you want to be a part of.

How does the ad to the left use appeals to association?

What is this ad attempting to suggest?

Does this work on us?

What is tone?Tone is an author’s attitude toward the topic they are discussing or writing about.

Think of it as the way their voice would sound if they were reading aloud.

Example tone words:

Sarcastic Bitter Joyful Humorous Lighthearted Amused

Text StructureSections of the Declaration of

Independence:

1. Preamble2. Declaration of natural rights

3. List of complaints4. Conclusion

Questions to Consider:

1. Which section was largest?

2. How might this structure help the writer in getting a

point across?3. Does listing the complaints in this manner

have any effect on the reader? Why or why not?

Argument Recipe

Claim+

Support+

Counterargument=

Successful argument

What makes a strong claim?

Why do you need support? What is a

counterargument? Why do we need

counterarguments? What type of language do

we need to avoid in an argumentative essay?

Parallel Structure

The repetition of a chosen grammatical form within a sentence. By making each compared item or idea in your sentence follow the same grammatical pattern, you create a parallel construction. Parallelism is used in making lists.

At the garden store, Larissa bought plastic pink flamingos, ceramic gnomes, and a concrete mermaid.

At the garden store, Larissa bought plastic pink flamingos, rescued ceramic gnomes from the sale bin, and impulsively added a concrete mermaid to her cart.

Both are correct!

What about vocabulary????

martialinvincibleextenuateinviolatedespotismmercenaryredresssupineinsidiousvigilantabdicateimpelperfidy

wranglingprudenttyrannyrelinquishcelestialardorunremittingfelicityaffluenceartificeincorrigibletriflingcontrive