unit v: molecular genetics€¦ · unit v: molecular genetics. part iv: rna & protein...
TRANSCRIPT
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Unit V: Molecular Genetics
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Part IV: RNA & Protein
synthesis
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Protein Synthesis
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Intro•Your genetic code is made up of G, C, A, T, & U•Your genetic code tells your body what proteins to make•How do we make proteins from DNA?
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Vocab•Ribosomes: Makes proteins•RNA: Ribonucleic acid•Proteins: macromolecule that is used for
structure & function •Amino Acids: building blocks of proteins (20
different AAs)•Codon: group of 3 nitrogenous bases that
code for a specific amino acid
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Part 1: RNA
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RNA•Long chain of nucleotides just like DNA
•What are nucleotides made up of?•___________________•___________________•___________________
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Types of RNA•Messenger RNA (mRNA)•Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)•Transfer RNA (tRNA)
•Each type of RNA has its own specific job
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mRNA•Carries instructions for assembling proteins from DNA to the ribosome •It’s the “messenger”
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rRNA•Found on ribosomes•Remember: Ribosomes make proteins J
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tRNA•Transfers amino acids to the ribosome to construct proteins
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How do we turn DNA into
proteins?
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Part 2: Transcription
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DNA → RNA → Protein
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Transcription•A process of copying part of DNA into mRNA•Takes place within the nucleus•What does DNA polymerase do?
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Transcription•RNA polymerase works in the same way!•mRNA is formed when RNA polymerase uses one strand of DNA as a template to form a strand of RNA
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Transcription
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Codons•Codons are groups of 3 nitrogenous bases that code for a specific amino acid
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Steps of Transcription
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How do we turn RNA into
proteins?
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Part 3: Translation
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DNA → RNA → Protein
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Translation•Decoding (or translating) a mRNA message into a protein
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Translation Steps1. mRNA is transcribed from DNA & leaves the nucleus
(transcription)2. mRNA attaches to a ribosome•Which type of RNA is found on the ribosome?
3. Each mRNA codon moves through the ribosome
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Translation Steps4. tRNA brings the proper amino
acid into the ribosome5. Each tRNA has 3 nitrogenous
bases that are complementary to one mRNA codon (anticodon)
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Translation Steps6. The amino acids bond together forming a protein7. Proteins continue to grow until the ribosome
reaches a stop codon8. Translation is complete & a protein is formed
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Next…•Learn how to read the
genetic code •Which codons match
with which amino acids?