UNIT2 Introducing People to Each

Other

曾冠冠

• Dialogue A. Lizzy, This Is My• Friend• B. Li Ying, This Is Mr.• Brown• Passage A. No Time for Formality• B. How to Greet a • Foreign Friend

Focal Functions and Patterns

• 1. Lizzy, this is (my friend, Chang).

• Mr. Brown, may I introduce (my friend Li

• Ying) to you? (She is an outstanding

• student in our school.)

• Dr. Johnson, please allow me to

• introduce (my sister) to you. (She wants

• to learn English from you.)

• Wang, I’d like you to meet (my friend,

• Helen, She is our guest professor.)

• 2. How do you do? I’m glad to meet you

• here.

• I’m glad to know you, Mr. Johnson.

• It’s nice to meet you.

• Pleased to meet you, Li Ying. I’ve heard

• quite a lot about you from (Lizzy).

Background Information

• When do people decide whether or not

• they want to become friends? During their

• first four minutes together, according to a

• book by Dr. Leonard Zumin. In his book,

• Contact: The First Four Minutes, he offers

• this advice to anyone interested in starting

• new friendships: “Every time you meet

• someone in a social situation, give him

• Your undivided attention for four minutes.

• A lot of people’s whole lives would change

• if they did just that.”

• You may have noticed that the average

• person does not give his undivided

• attention to someone he has just met. He

• keeps looking over the other person’s

• shoulder, as if hoping to find someone

• more interesting in another part of the

• room. If anyone has ever done this to you,

• you probably did not like him very much.

• When we are introduced to new people,

• the author suggests, we should try to

• appear friendly and self-confident. In

• general, he says, “People like people who

• like themselves.”

• On the other hand, we should not make

• the other person think we are too sure of

• ourselves. It is important to appear

• interested and sympathetic, realizing that

• the other person has its own needs, fears, and hopes.

Language Points

• 1. Notes to Passage• 1. Could I take a few minutes of your• time? (Dialogue A)• 我能占用你几分钟时间吗？• could: 是情态动词 can 的过去式，表示• 与过去有关的能力和推断；同时， • could 还可以代替 can, 表示请求，但• 语气较 can 客气、委婉。

• 2. Now summer vacation is approaching. • (Dialogue B)• 暑期快要到了。• is approaching: 此处的现在进行时 be+• V-ing 用来表示即将发生的事情。• e.g. What are you doing next Sunday?• 你下个星期天要干什么？• 此外，现在进行时动词常与 always, • continually, constantly 等副词连用，表示• 反复出现的习惯性的动作。

• 3. I’d love to. (Dialogue B)• 是的，我很想。• 这是一个省略句，不定式符号 to 后省略了• work for a month 。在不影响意思的前提• 下，为避免重复，句中某些部分可以省• 略。请注意，省略动词后的不定式时需• 保留不定式符号 to 。• e.g. Can you come to our party this• evening? • 今晚你能来参加我们的聚会吗？

• 4. There are no handshakes in most cases.• 在一般情况下是不握手的。• 此句在语法中被称为“存在句”，也称为

“• there be 结构“， there 是引导句，本身无• 意义， be 是谓语动词，它后面的名词是• 主语。应注意谓语要和后面的主语保持• 数的一致。 There be 句的否定结构有两• 种 : there be not any 和 there be no 。• e.g. There is not any person in the room.• There is no one in the room.• 房间里没有人。

• 不过，如果句中有并列主语，谓语常与最• 接近它的那个主语保持一致。• e.g. There is a book and two pens on my

• desk.

• 课桌上有一本书、两支钢笔。• There are two pens and a book on my

• desk.

• 课桌上有两支钢笔、一本书。•

• 2. Word Usage• 1. mutualmutual: a. equally shared by each• one 共同的• e.g. We have mutual interests.• Mr. and Mrs. Smith have a• mutual love of flowers.• mutuallymutually ad.• Usage: 人们常用 mutual 指“两个或多• 个的人或事物共同拥有的“，如 mutual• friends ( 共同的朋友 ) 。

• 2. vacationvacation n. BrE a period of the year• when universities, colleges or law courts• are officially closed 休假期，寒暑假；• AmE any period of holiday 假日，假期• e.g. He has gone to Germany on • vacation.• I worked in a small travel agency• during last summer vacation.• Usage: 1) 在英式英语中， holiday 指不工• 作的假期或节假日，美式英语称之为• vacation 。

• 3. approachapproach: v. to come near or nearer (to)

• 走近，靠近• e.g. We approached with care.

• The time is approaching when we

• must leave.

• n. (to) the act of approaching 行近，接• 近• e.g. The approach of winter brings cold

• weather.

• 4. managermanager: n. a man who controls is a • business 经理• e.g. Our manager is an American.• 5. experienceexperience: n. (the gaining of) • knowledge or skill which comes from• practice rather than from books• 经验 ( 来自实际工作而非书本的知识与技

• 能 )• e.g. We need a teacher with 5 year’s • experience.•

• 6. chancechance: n. a favorable occasion;

• opportunity ( 好机会 )• e.g. I never miss a chance of playing

• football.

• Usage: 比较 chance 与 opportunity 。• chance 指偶然的机会，而 opportunity 则• 指有利的机遇。二者经常可以换用，但

• 含义略有不同。• e.g. I had the chance / opportunity of

• visiting Paris.

• 7. hurryhurry: n. haste; quick activity 匆忙；匆• 促• Phrase: in a hurry 匆忙地；匆促地• e.g. You make mistakes if you do things• in a hurry.• 8. seemseem: v. to give the idea or effect of • being; be in appearance; appear 似乎；• 看似；好像• e.g. I seem to have caught a cold.• It seems like years since I last saw• you.

• 9. informallyinformally: n. the state or quality of • being informal 不正规，非正式• e.g. Opposite to American informality,• Englishmen always behave formally.10. somewhatsomewhat: ad. by some degree or amount; a little rather 有点儿；稍微 e.g. I am somewhat tired of this week.11. surprisedsurprised: a. astonished, amazed 吃惊 的 e.g. I was surprised at seeing him there. Usage: surprise 指“由于出乎意外而惊异 或诧异”。

• e.g. His coming surprised me.• astonish 指“由于出乎意料而又不能理解• 而感到吃惊” , 语意较强。• e.g. I was astonished to see he got up• so early.• amaze 指“由于认为似乎不可能或极少可• 能发生的事出现而感到大为诧异，迷惑• 不解”，语意较强。• e.g. I was amazed at his impudent.• 12. lacklack: n. absence of need 缺少，没有• e.g. The plants died for lack of water.

• 13. especiallyespecially: ad. to a particularly great• degree 特别是• e.g. I love Beijing, especially in • summer.• 14. businessbusiness: n. trade for getting money• 生意• e.g. How’s business?• After school she went into • business.• Phrase: on business 出公差• e.g. I’m here on business, not for • pleasure.

• 15. concernconcern: a. serious care or interest

• 关心，关注• e.g. She expressed her deep concern

• for me in her letter.

• concernedconcerned: a. anxious, worried

• 担心的，挂念的• e.g. The concerned mothers anxiously

• waited for their children.

• concerningconcerning: prep. about; with regard

• to 关于；有关

• e.g. Concerning your letter, I am

• pleased to inform you that your

• plans are quite acceptable to us.

• 16. titletitle: n. a word or name, such as “Mr.”,

• “Mrs.”, “Doctor”, “Professor”, etc.,

• given to a person to be used before

• his name as a sign of rank, profession,

• etc. 称号，头衔• e.g. Some persons think ‘title’ is very

• important for them.

• 17. situationsituation: n. a position or condition at• the moment; state of affairs 形势；情形• e.g. I’m in a difficult situation and I • don’t know what to do.• Usage: 比较 conditions 与 situation 二字• ，除了其他意义外，这两个字都可以译

• 作“状况”，“情况”。• e.g. the economic conditions/situation• 经济情况

• 18. shakeshake: v. to take and hold (someone’s

• right hand) in one’s own for a moment,

• sometimes moving it up and down, as

• a sign of greeting, goodbye,

• agreement, or pleasure (esp. in the

• phr. Shake hands with someone) 握手• e.g. The two men shook with each

• other.

• 19. meanmean: v. to present (a meaning) 意思• 是；意味着

• e.g. What does this French word mean?• The green light means “Go”.• a. ungenerous; unkind 吝啬的；卑鄙的• e.g. Let me go out; don’t be so mean to• me.• a. average 平均的• e.g. The mean yearly rainfall is 20 inches.• n. an average amount, figure, or value• 平均之量，数目或值• e.g. The mean of 7,9, and 14 is found by• adding them together and diving by 3.

• 20. formalformal: a. ceremonial; according to

• accepted rules or customs 礼仪的；正 • 式的• e.g. This is a formal dinner party.

• Business letters must always be

• formal, but we should write in a

• natural way to friends.

• formalityformality: n. careful attention to rules

• and accepted forms of behavior

• 讲究礼节；拘泥形式

• e.g. There’s no time for formality in much• of everyday life.• 21. similarlysimilarly: ad. in a similar way; as is • similar 同样地；相同地• e.g. Boys wear fashionable clothes.• Similarly, some birds have bright• feathers.• 22. farewellfarewell: n., interj. formal & old use• goodbye 再见• e.g. Farewell! I hope we meet again• soon!

• 23. wavewave: v. to move something in one’s• hand as a signal, esp. in greeting 挥 ( 手• 中之物 ) 致意；招手• e.g. She waved her hand towards us.• He waved his stick in the air.• n. a raised curving line of water on • the surface, esp. of the sea 浪；波• 浪；海浪；浪头• e.g. The waves rose and fell on the • shore.

• 24. wholewhole: a. not less than (a); all (the)• 全部；全体• e.g. I want to know the whole truth.• Phase: on the whole, she is right.• 25. groupgroup: n. a number of people or things• placed together 一组，一群• e.g. A group of girls was waiting by the • school.• 26. simplysimply: ad. in a simple way; easily, • plainly, clearly, or naturally 简单地；• 简直

• e.g. This cake is made quite simply.• 27. casecase: n. a particular occasion or state• of affairs 情况• e.g. Helen’s stupid, but it’s different in • the case of Mary; she’s just lazy.• In that case, catch the train • tomorrow.• in casein case 以防；或许• e.g. Take your coat in case it rains.• Take your dancing shoes in case• you decide to go dancing.

• 28. relationshiprelationship: n. connection 关系• e.g. The teacher has a very good

• relationship with her students.

Practice---Translate the following sentences

into English• 1. 朋友之间相互尊重非常重要。 (mutual)

• 2. 寒假就要到了。 (vacation, approach)

• 3. 对于这个职位，他没有足够的经验。• (experience)

• 4. 她看上去似乎很快乐。 (seem)

• 5. 很高兴同你做生意。 (business)

• 6. 他们很关心我父亲的健康。 (concern)

• 7. 这标志表示车子不能进入。 (mean)• 8. 汤姆基本没有受过正规教育。 (formal)• 9. 我忘不了他离别时的一瞥。 (farewell)• 10. 她向我们挥手道别。 (wave)• 11. 一般情况下，我们遇到陌生人时，应先• 介绍自己。 (in most case)• 12. 他今年一直特别忙。 (especially)• 13. 双胞胎举止很相似。 (twins, similarly)• 14. 你知道工资和物价之间的关系吗？• (relationship)

• 15. 通过我们共同的努力，我们最终成功了。• (joint)

• 16. 我们分吃了巧克力。 (share)

• 17. 他等级比我高。 (rank)

• 18. 你能替我做件事情吗？ (could)

• 19. 你愿意和我一起去吗？ (would)

• 20. 他们供给我们食物。 (provide with)

Translation for reference

• 1. Mutual respect is very important • between friends.• 2. The winter vacation is approaching.• 3. He has not enough experience for the• position.• 4. She always seems (to be) happy.• 5. It’s a pleasure to do business with you.• 6. They showed great concern about my • father’s health.

• 7. The sign means that cars cannot enter.• 8. Tom had little formal education.• 9. I can’t forget his farewell glance.• 10. She waved us goodbye.• 11. When meeting strangers, we should• introduce ourselves first of all in most• cases.• 12. He has been especially busy this year.• 13. The twins act very similarly.• 14. Do you know the relationship between• wages and prices?

• 15. We succeeded at last through our joint• efforts.• 16. We shared the chocolate.• 17. He’s above me in rank.• 18. Could you do something for me?• 19. Would you go with me?• 20. They provide us with food.• 21. Liu, I’d like you to meet Professor • Waters. She is our English teacher.• 22. How do you do! Susan has told me • quite a lot about you.