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UNIT 4

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Unit 4

Warm up

What do you think about Eco-tourism?

Do you know any good places to do it?

Have you ever done it?

Would you like to do it?

Maranhão - A great discovery

Eco-tourism

The Delta das Américas, the Lençóis Maranhenses and the Chapadas das Mesas together offer countless

opportunities for eco-tourism lovers.

Delta das Américas - The Delta is an ecological paradise where we can observe nature at its most

exuberant form. Through guided tours along its rivers and creeks, one can enjoy a direct contact with the

region's flora and wildlife. Also enjoyable is the opportunity to swim at completely isolated beaches.

Another special attraction is the Ilha do Caju with its dunes, forests, wildlife, all carefully preserved by the

locals.

Lençóis Maranhenses - To travel for the Sheets is to be in perfect syntony with the nature. The area is

practically virgin and in the close areas to rivers as the Laziness, the flora and the fauna bloom with

exuberance.

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Chapada das Mesas - Chapadas is a place to enjoy nature at its best. A special visit should be made to the

astonishing waterfall of Pedra Caída.

http://www.turismo.ma.gov.br/en/index.html

After reading the text carefully, answer the questions below:

1- a) Which of the three places above interests you the most? Why?

In Delta das Américas:

a) What can one get in direct contact with?

b) Where do people have the opportunity to swim?

c) What is another attraction?

d) What are the Lençóis Maranhenses like?

e) What should people visit in Chapada das Mesas?

Grammar Focus

Prepositions of Place: at, in, on

In general, we use:

at for a POINT

in for an ENCLOSED SPACE

on for a SURFACE

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at in on

POINT ENCLOSED SPACE SURFACE

at the corner in the sea on the wall

at the bus stop in London on the ceiling

at the door in France on the door

at the top of the page in paradise on the dunes

at the end of the road in a river on the floor

at the beach In the waterfall on the island

at the crossroads in a building on the menu

at the front desk in the forest on a page

Look at these examples:

Jane is waiting for you in Maranhão.

The shop is at the sunny beach.

Do you work in a travel agency?

I have a meeting in New York before going to Brazil on vacation..

Do you live on an island?

Chapada das Mesas is close to the city of Carolina.

The guide's name is on the cover of the brochure.

There are no prices on this ticket.

You are standing on the dunes.

There was a "no smoking" sign on the wall in the hotel.

I live on the 7th floor at 21 Turu Av. in São Luís.

1) a) Could you recognize any prepositions in the texts? List the ones you could find.

b) Are there any prepositions of place?

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2) Choose the correct preposition of place (in, on, at) for the nouns that follow:

Paradise River Waterfall

Island Forest

Beach Dune

Grammar Focus

Must

It is most commonly used to express certainty. It can also be used to express necessity or strong

recommendation, although native speakers prefer the more flexible form "have to." "Must not" can be used

to prohibit actions, but this sounds very severe; speakers prefer to use softer modal verbs such as "should

not" or "ought not" to dissuade rather than prohibit.

Examples:

This must be the right address! (certainty)

Students must pass an entrance examination to study at this school. (necessity)

You must take some medicine for that cough. (strong recommendation)

Jenny, you must not play in the street! (prohibition)

*Using "Must" in Present, Past, and Future: most modal verbs behave quite irregularly in the past and the

future. Study the chart below to learn how "must" behaves in different contexts.

Modal Use

Positive Forms

1. = Present

2. = Past

3. = Future

Negative Forms

1. = Present

2. = Past

3. = Future

You can also use:

Must certainty

1. That must be Jerry. They

said he was tall with bright red

hair.

2. That must have been the

right restaurant. There are no

other restaurants on this street.

3. No future form.

1. That must not be Jerry. He is

supposed to have red hair.

2. That must not have been the

right restaurant. I guess there is

another one around here

somewhere.

3. No future form.

have to

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Must not (mustn‟t)

prohibition

1. You must not swim in that

river. It's full of crocodiles.

2. You must not forget to take

your malaria medication while

your are in the tropics.

*Prohibition usually refers to the

near future.

Must strong

recommendation

(Americans prefer the

form "should.")

1. You must take some time

off and get some rest.

2. Change to “should”

You should have taken some

time off last week to get some

rest.

3. Change to “should”

You should take some time off

next week to get some rest.

1. You mustn't drink so much. It's

not good for your health.

2. Change to “should”

You shouldn't have drunk so

much. That caused the accident.

3. Change to “should”

You shouldn't drink at the party.

You are going to be the

designated driver.

should

Must necessity

(Americans prefer

the form "have to.")

1. You must have a permit to

enter the national park.

2. Change to “have to” We had

to have a permit to enter the

park.

3. We must get a permit to

enter the park next week.

1. Change to “have to”

We don't have to get a permit to

enter the national park.

2. Change to “have to”

We didn't have to get a permit to

enter the national park.

3. Change to “have to”

We won't have to get a permit to

enter the national park.

have to

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REMEMBER: “Must not” vs. “Do not have to” “Must not” suggests that you are prohibited from doing something.

“Do not have to” suggests that someone is not required to do something.

Examples:

You must not eat that. It is forbidden, it is not allowed.

X

You don't have to eat that. You can if you want to, but it is not necessary.

1) a) Write 3 sentences using must to give recommendations about what people should do in

Maranhão (recommendation).

- Eg.: You must swim at isolated beaches.

b) Write 3 sentences using must to say what a tourist have to do on his, her trip (necessity,

obligation).

- Eg.: You must obey the local laws.

c) Write 3 sentences with must to tell what tourists are prohibited to do while visiting tourist

attractions (prohibition).

- Eg.: You must not (mustn‟t) litter.

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Read the postcard Ashley sent to her family from Maranhão:

http://epidemikcoalition.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/08/ansley.jpg

Grammar Focus

Past Continuous

- It‟s used to refer to an activity that was in progress at a certain time in the past. We have to transform the

forms of be - am, is, are - into was and were respectively.

Subject + be (was, were) + verb-ing

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+ I was having a great time here in Brazil.

- I was not having a great time here in Brazil.

? Was I; Were you having a great time here in Brazil?

I was having a great time here in Brazil.

You were having a great time here in Brazil.

He

She

It

was

having a great time here in Brazil.

We

You

They

were

having a great time here in Brazil.

I was not (wasn‟t) having a great time here in Brazil.

You Were not (weren‟t) having a great time here in Brazil.

He

She

It

wasn‟t

having a great time here in Brazil.

We

You

They

weren‟t

having a great time here in Brazil.

Was I having a great time here in Brazil.

Were You having a great time here in Brazil.

Was

He

She

It

having a great time here in Brazil.

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Were

We

You

They

having a great time here in Brazil.

*Short answers:

Yes, I, He, She, It was. No, I, He, She, It wasn‟t.

Yes, We, You, They were. No, We, You, They weren‟t.

1) Complete the sentences below using the verbs in the parenthesis in the past continuous:

a) Ashley _________________ (take) a lot of pictures while in Brazil.

b) She________________(not, eat) shrimps because she‟s allergic.

c) Ashley‟s mother ________________(wait) anxiously for her return.

d) Ashley __________________(taste) typical drinks.

e) She________________(not, waste) money on silly things.

f) She_________________(make) new friends during her trip.

Grammar Focus

Simple Past

- Used to refer to an activity that started and ended at a definite time in the past.

Subject + verb (in the 2nd

column) *Auxiliary verb DID.

+ I wanted to contribute to the postcard collection.

- I didn‟t want to contribute to the postcard collection.

? Did I, you want to contribute to the postcard collection?

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I

You

He, She, It

We

You

They

wanted

to contribute to the postcard collection.

I

You

He, She, It

We

You

They

Did not want

(didn‟t)

to contribute to the postcard

collection.

Did

I

You

He, She, It

We

You

They

want

to contribute to the postcard

collection?

*Short answers:

I

Yes, He, She, It did.

We, You, They

I

No, He, She, It didn‟t.

We, You, They

*BE becomes was and were.

I, He, She, It - was You, We, They -were

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Adverbs of time - Some adverbs tell us when something happened.

These include: afterwards, later, now, soon, yesterday, . . ..

For example: Yesterday all my troubles seemed so far away. - In this sentence yesterday shows us when.

*Time expressions that can be used with the Past Continuous and The Simple Past:

Last morning, night

Yesterday

A week, month, year ago

2,3 weeks, months, years ago.

In June

On Sunday, etc.

1) Rewrite the next sentences in the Simple Past.

- The area is practically virgin.

- Another special attraction is the Ilha do Caju.

- The Delta das Américas, the Lençóis Maranhenses and the Chapadas das Mesas together offer countless

opportunities for eco-tourism lovers.

2) Transform the sentences you wrote into the negative and interrogative forms.

3) Write your own postcard based on Ashley‟s, be brief and concise like her.

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Grammar Focus

An introduction to prepositions of time

Preposition Use Examples

in in months in July; in September

year in 1985; in 1999

seasons in summer; in the summer of 69

part of the day in the morning; in the afternoon; in the evening

duration in a minute; in two weeks

at part of the day at night

time of day at 6 o'clock; at midnight

celebrations at Christmas; at Easter

fixed phrases at the same time

on days of the week on Sunday; on Friday

date on the 25th of December*

special holidays on Good Friday; on Easter Sunday; on my

birthday

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Complete the sentences with the correct prepositions:

1 I left work ______ ten o'clock last night. ( ) at ( ) on ( ) in ( ) no preposition

2 I saw Bob in the street ______ yesterday. ( ) at ( ) on ( ) in ( ) no preposition

3 I didn't get time to come and visit you ______ last Tuesday. ( ) at ( ) on ( ) in ( ) no preposition

4 He used to be a regular visitor ______ Tuesdays. ( ) at ( ) on ( ) in ( ) no preposition

5 I phoned her up and spoke to her ______ Wednesday morning. ( ) at ( ) on ( ) in ( ) no preposition

6 I last saw him ______ the beginning of September. ( ) at ( ) on ( ) in ( ) no preposition

7 I saw him sometime ______ June. ( ) at ( ) on ( ) in ( ) no preposition

8 Were you at the last meeting ______ July 13? ( ) at ( ) on ( ) in ( ) no preposition

9 We bought the company ______ Thursday, 22 May. ( ) at ( ) on ( ) in ( ) no preposition

10 I spoke to her ______ three weeks ago. ( ) at ( ) on ( ) in ( ) no preposition

1) Read further information on Chapada das Mesas and Lençóis and do the activities described in

letters a and b.

Tourism and adventure - Nature's blessings make Maranhão ideal for tourism and adventure. Two

regions are exceptional for eco-tourism: the Chapada das Mesas where the scenery consists of waterfalls,

trails, and rivers and the Lençóis do Maranhenses covered with white sandy dunes, beautiful rivers and an

astonishing seashore.

Chapada das Mesas - Chapadas is a place for people that enjoy adventure. The local landscape with its

sertoes, florestas de buritizais and trilhas are an invitation to take long and enjoyable walks. For those who

want a bigger challenge, the rapel - a sport based on special techniques of descending cliffs, is a real treat.

Add to that the innumerable waterfalls throughout the cities of Carolina and Riachao, especially the ones at

Cocal some 86 meters high, and you'll have plenty to explore and enjoy. Camping is available throughout

the year and swimming is mostly enjoyable between June and November when the rivers' tides are

particularly low.

Lençóis - At Lençóis the beaches, dunes, lakes and waters of Rio Preguica offer possibilities for the

practice of a wide variety of sports such as walking, dune climbing, kite surfing, wind skating, wind car

and wind surfing. Sports equipment can easily be transported from São Luís to the City of Barreirinhas, the

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gateway to the Parque dos Lençóis. The park is particularly attractive after June after the rain season is

over, and multitudes of lakes are formed on the white dunes.

http://www.turismo.ma.gov.br/en/index.html

a) Pair work: What suggestions can you give tourists in order to protect and preserve nature. Talk to

your classmates and after that make up a list with nice ideas. Don‟t forget to use „must‟ in your

sentences.

b) Pretend you visited one of the places mentioned above and write a small composition describing

your trip. Tell:

- what you were doing there

- who you went with

- how you went there

- how long you stayed there, etc.

Use:

- the simple past

- the past continuous

- prepositions of place and time (to mention locations and moments).

* You can use the chart below as a guide, don‟t forget you made these decisions in the past so use the

simple past to talk about what did and the past continuous to talk about what you were doing while there.

Be creative and use nice vocabulary.

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http://thoughtleague.com/linkagg/BlogContent/TopSites/universal_packing_list.png

Flash-Culture

Bumba meu boi

The Bumba-Meu-Boi is the most important popular celebration in Maranhão. It is a celebration that

combines European, African, and Indian influences. It is based on the myth of a couple, Pai Francisco and

Catirina. The story tells that the pregnant Catirina had the desire to have Mimoso's (the landowner's

favorite bull) tongue for a meal. In order to satisfy Catirina's desire, Pai Francisco hunted and killed

Mimoso, was hunted down and anded up being put in jail. The story ends with Mimoso being revived by

the local "curandeiro", Pai Francisco pardoned, and the village in celebration.

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http://www.turismo.ma.gov.br/en/index.html

Comprehension questions

1. What‟s the most important popular celebration in Maranhão?

2. What influences This celebration?

3. What story is this celebration based in?

Teacher‟s Guide

Warm Up

Start a small conversation with the students. You can ask the questions at random or in a row. Use linking

questions and create a nice atmosphere to introduce the theme of the unit, which is Eco-tourism.

Prepositions of place

Introduce grammar on the board and give them examples. Read the instructions in the unit and have

students read examples too, so as to practice pronunciation. After clearing their doubts, they have to do the

exercises that follow.

Must

Introduce grammar on the board and give them examples. Read the instructions in the unit and have

students read examples too, so as to practice pronunciation. After clearing their doubts, they have to do the

exercises that follow.

Past continuous, Simple Past and Adverbs of time that can be used with them.

Introduce grammar on the board and give them examples. Read the instructions in the unit and have

students read examples too, so as to practice pronunciation. After clearing their doubts, they have to do the

exercises that follow.

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Prepositions of time

Introduce grammar on the board and give them examples. Read the instructions in the unit and have

students read examples too, so as to practice pronunciation. After clearing their doubts, they have to do the

exercises that follow.

*Explaining exercises: read the instructions and do an example of each with them.

Flash - culture - Read the text with them, clarifying doubts about vocabulary and hold a small discussion

about the main topic, it should be fun and a matter of curiosity.

Unit 2

Start up - Song

- Listen to the following song and try to guess what kind of music it is: Song - audio

- After listening to it try to answer the following questions in pairs and report the answers to the group.

Who‟s singing the song?

Do you know its name?

Can you tell where this kind of music is originally from?

Do you know what it has to do with Maranhão?

“Maranhão is one of the states of Brazil in the north-eastern region. By the fame that reggae music has at

this state, some calls Maranhão as ''Brazilian Jamaica''. With some spots around the city, you can catch

some good waves and dance some reggae music.” http://www.wannasurf.com/spot/South_America/Brazil/Maranhao/index.html

Bob Marley - No woman no cry

No, woman, no cry;

No, woman, no cry;

No, woman, no cry;

No, woman, no cry.

'Cause - 'cause - 'cause I remember when we used to sit

In a government yard in Trenchtown,

Oba - observing the 'ypocrites - yeah! -

Mingle with the good people we meet, yeah!

Good friends we have, oh, good friends we have lost

Along the way, yeah!

In this great future, you can't forget your past;

So dry your tears, I seh. Yeah!

2

No, woman, no cry;

No, woman, no cry. Eh, yeah!

A little darlin', don't shed no tears:

No, woman, no cry. Eh!

Said - said - said I remember when we used to sit

In the government yard in Trenchtown, yeah!

And then Georgie would make the fire lights,

I seh, logwood burnin' through the nights, yeah!

Then we would cook cornmeal porridge, say,

Of which I'll share with you, yeah!

My feet is my only carriage

And so I've got to push on through.

Oh, while I'm gone,

Everything's gonna be all right!

Everything's gonna be all right!

Everything's gonna be all right, yeah!

Everything's gonna be all right!

Everything's gonna be all right-a!

Everything's gonna be all right!

Everything's gonna be all right, yeah!

Everything's gonna be all right!

So no, woman, no cry;

No, woman, no cry.

I seh, O little - O little darlin', don't shed no tears;

No, woman, no cry, eh.

No, woman - no, woman - no, woman, no cry;

No, woman, no cry.

One more time I got to say:

O little - little darlin', please don't shed no tears;

No, woman, no cry.

http://www.lyrics007.com/Bob%20Marley%20Lyrics/No%20Wo

man%20No%20Cry%20Lyrics.html

- Now you have the lyrics:

1) Find in the text: and, or, so, but. Which ones could you find?

Grammar Focus

An introduction to Conjunctions

A conjunction is a joiner, a word that connects (conjoins) parts of a sentence.

Coordinating conjunctions are conjunctions which connect two equal parts of a sentence. The most

common ones are and, or, but, and so which are used in the following ways:

And is used to join or add words together in the sentence: They ate and drank.

Or is used to show choice or possibilities as in the sentence: He will be here on Monday or Tuesday.

But is used to show opposite or conflicting ideas as in the sentence: She is small but strong.

So is used to show result as in the sentence: I was tired so I went to sleep.

2) Use the conjunctions (and, or, but and so) to complete the sentences below.

Bob Marley

“He popularized the tenets of the faith through his music ________ his life.”

“He had sustained an injury on right toe which had never healed. _______ Bob Marley refused to go ahead

with any amputation surgery…”

2

“Bob Marley had to endure a lot of bullying. ________ he learnt self defense and eventually gained a lot of

physical strength.”

“They initially called themselves „The Teenagers‟ _______ later on changed the names several times…”

“Bob Marley also recorded the song „Simmer Down‟ in 1964 with Dodd which became extremely popular

________ made The Wailers one of the top bands in Jamaica.”

“The Wailers broke up with each of the three band members wanting to pursue solo careers. _______ Bob

Marley continued calling his band „Bob Marley and The Wailers‟…”

“Comprised of elements from the Rastafarian faith, the song called for unity, peace _______ love.”

“He was revered by many as a „prophet‟ ________ a „messiah‟ for his religion.

http://www.buzzle.com/articles/bob-marley-biography.html

Grammar Focus

An Introduction to phrasal verbs.

Phrasal verbs are idiomatic expressions, combining verbs and prepositions to make new verbs

whose meaning is often not obvious from the dictionary definitions of the individual words. They are

widely used in both written and spoken English, and new ones are formed all the time as they are a flexible

way of creating new terms. http://www.usingenglish.com/reference/phrasal-verbs/

*A simple list of phrasal verbs is available on http://www.phrasalverbdemon.com/list.htm

- In the song we can find the following combinations of verbs and prepositions: „mingle with‟, „burnin‟

through‟, „share with‟ and „push on‟.

1) Match the columns in order to figure out their meanings.

Push on ( ) to unite, join, or conjoin.

Mingle with ( ) to damage through excessive friction.

Burn through ( ) to damage through excessive friction.

Share with ( ) to effect or accomplish by thrusting obstacles aside.

3

2) Look at the illustrations and try to guess what the phrasal verbs mean. Substitute the elements in

boldface with the correct option:

Looking after Give up Shut up

( ) using his eyes to see ( ) continue ( ) talk more

( ) taking care of ( ) stop ( ) stop talking

Give up Check out Get out of

( ) desist ( ) leave ( ) leave

( ) think ( ) take a look at ( ) stay

www.phrasalverbdemon.com

*Now, that you‟re familiar with the song, listen to it and try to sing along. Ps: Bob Marley was Jamaican so keep in mind he has

a different accent and since it‟s a song there are lots of abbreviations.

Teacher‟s guide

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Start up - song: Play the song and ask the questions that follow. Hand out the lyrics so they can read and

do the exercises that follow.

Conjunctions: Introduce grammar on the board and give them examples. Read the instructions in the unit

and have students read examples too, so as to practice pronunciation. After clearing their doubts, they have

to do the exercises that follow.

Phrasal verbs: Introduce grammar on the board and give them examples. Read the instructions in the unit

and have students read examples too, so as to practice pronunciation. After clearing their doubts, they have

to do the exercises that follow.

Pronunciation practice - play the song and have them sing it.

Unit 3

Warm up

What do you know about Brazilian food?

What‟s typical from:

- the Northeast

- the Southeast

- the South

What‟s your favorite food?

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Do you how to cook? If so, what can you prepare?

1. How to prepare Brazilian shrimp: put the sentences in order and find out.

( ) Grind the shrimp

( ) Toast for salt

( ) Add the rest of the ingredients

( ) Cook the shrimp

( ) Serve

( ) Make a refogado

( ) Remove the heads and shells

Recipe

Brazilian shrimp - Camarão à brasileira

INGREDIENTS:

2 pounds fresh shrimp 3 cups water 3 tablespoons butter

1 small onion, chopped 1/2 clove garlic, minced

(optional)

1 tablespoon chopped

parsley

1 large tomato, peeled and

chopped

1 teaspoon salt 1 green pepper, chopped

3 egg yolks, beaten 3 tablespoons grated

cheese

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Remove the heads and shells from the shrimp, cook in the 3 cups water for 20 minutes, strain, reserving

broth, and cook the shrimp in this broth for 10 minutes. Grind the shrimp. Make a refogado of the butter,

onion, garlic, parsley, tomato, salt, and green pepper. Add to the shrimp water, along with the ground

shrimp, and stir in the beaten egg yolks and grated cheese. Toast for salt. Serve this around a mound of

fluffy rice.

Grammar Focus

An introduction to sequencers

Linking words are extremely important since they indicate the relationship between ideas.

Adverbs of sequence are actually transitions of logic, but as such they also have a conjunctive

force, because they connect ideas by showing a time relationship. Some of these adverbs are: first, second,

third, fourth, eventually, tomorrow.

E. g.: First, get a pad and pencil. Next, find a quiet place to think. Then, start writing your ideas

down.

Useful expressions when giving instructions in a sequency:

Giving Instructions

Sequencing

Starting out

Continuing

First, (you) . . .

Before you begin, (you

should . . .)

After that, The last step is. . .

Then, (you) . . .

The first thing you do is… The next step is to. . .

The last thing you do is…

Next, (you) . . . I would start by. . . The next thing you do is. .

.

In the end,

Lastly, (you) . . . The best place to begin

is…

Once you've done that,

then. . .

When you've finished,

To begin with, When you finish that,

then. . .

When you've

completed all the

steps,

Guided Composition

7

1) Go back to the recipe „Brazilian shrimp‟ and answer the questions below, using sequencers in

parenthesis to connect the sentences, in order to write a more instructive and detailed recipe.

* Use the subject pronoun „You‟ since you give instructions by telling them to people.

Eg.: - What is the first thing you do?

The first thing you do is remove the heads and shells from the shrimp, then…

- How do you have to cook the shrimp? (then)

- What do you do? (after that)

- What is the next thing you do with the shrimp?

- What do you grind? (next)

- What do you make a refogado of? (Once you‟ve done that)

- What do you do with the refogado and the ground shrimp? (when you finish that)

- What do you stir in? (when you„ve finished)

- Why do you toast for? (lastly)

- How do you serve this? (when you‟ve completed all the steps)

Warm up

- Do you use the internet to talk to your friends?

- Do you have msn messenger?

- Do you know how to install it in your computer?

8

http://explorer.msn.com/install.htm

1. In the Installation instructions, find and circle the adverbs of sequence.

2. Number the sentences, according to the process of installation of the msn messenger, by matching

the columns.

Click the install button you may see a pop-up message (1)

Welcome to MSN Explorer! (2)

Find out if you have what you need to run MSN Explorer (3)

Check this list of basic system requirements (4)

Click the install button below (5)

Check this list of basic system requirements. (6)

3. Send an SMS to your friend telling him or her how you installed the MSN messenger and teach

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him/her how to do it too, so you can chat on the net:

4. Now, your friend has already installed the MSN messenger. You can chat! Write a dialogue

between you and your friend and tell her/him, in a sequence of events, the places you visited on your

trip to Maranhão:

10

Grammar Focus

Imperative Form

Use the imperative form when giving instructions or orders. The imperative is also very common in written

instructions.

11

Examples:

Hurry up!

Take the first left, go straight on and the supermarket is on the left.

Positive

Base Form of Verb + Objects

Turn the music down, please.

Insert coins into the slot.

Negative

Do + Not + Base Form of Verb + Objects

Do not (don‟t) smoke in this building.

Don't rush, I'm not in a hurry.

1. Complete the sentences using the following words:

Go – take – turn – carry on – ask – go

http://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/imperative/exercise3.html

Flash - Vocabulary

Parts of computer

1. Look up the parts of the computer in a dictionary and write the names below:

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Fonte: Internet

2. Make you memory game with the parts of computer:

MOUSE

LOUD

SPEAKERS

PEN DRIVE

KEYBOARD

MONITOR

MICROPHONE

CD ROM

Fonte: Internet

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Teacher‟s Guide

Warm Up

Start a small conversation with the students. You can ask the questions at random or in a row. Use linking

questions and create a nice atmosphere to introduce the theme of the unit, which are Foods and Technology

(Internet/Computers, Cell phones). Do the exercises that follow.

Introduce the genre „recipe‟ - read the text with them and clerify any doubts they may have.

An introduction to sequencers

Introduce grammar on the board and give them examples. Read the instructions in the unit and have

students read examples too, so as to practice pronunciation. After clearing any doubts they have to do the

exercises that follow.

Imperative Form

Introduce grammar on the board and give them examples. Read the instructions in the unit and have

students read examples too, so as to practice pronunciation. After clearing any doubts they have to do the

exercises that follow.

Flash - Vocabulary - Show them the photo of the computer and explain the exercise.

Memory Game - Show the photos and elicit the names of the objects. Ask them to cut the blocks and let

them play in pairs.

*Explaining exercises: read the instructions and do an example of each with them.

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Test - Unit 1

1) Since the main theme of the unit is tourism in Brazil, read the text below carefully and do the

exercises that follow:

Amazon Rainforest Tourism

Tourism in the Amazon rainforest is increasing, although it doesn't play a major role in the

economic life of the region. There are some reasons that keep the regular tourist away from the Amazon

rainforest. The most important is the lack of reliable information making it much harder to plan a trip to the

Amazon than to other places.

Another problem is the fear from tropical exotic diseases like Yellow Fever or Malaria. Both are

very present in the forest, but both also have effective vaccines you can (and you should) take before you

visit the region. (…) There is fear from the wildlife, some people panic just to think of being in a place

where even the frogs can be poisonous. There are crocodiles, giant snakes and predators like the Jaguar, but

chances are you won't have any problem with wildlife except for the mosquitoes.

But the real problem inhibiting tourism in the Amazon rainforest region is the lack of tourism

infrastructure. This means good airports and hotels, multi-lingual speaking staffs and regular attractions

like expeditions to remote areas. You can only find most of these in big cities like Belem and Manaus, but

truly inside the forest you can't, at least not in a direct way.

If you want to really know the region you can hire local boats with a guide, cook and all the staff

you need to make whatever expedition you like for many days. You can go deep into the forest with those

boats to see and hear all the abundant wildlife. To do this you will probably need a specialized guide. (…)

Anyway, you choose to tour the Amazon rainforest you will like and have a very pleasant and

astonishing trip. You will take pictures that you will keep for the rest of your life and make all your friends

speechless. It's really an unforgettable and unique place in the world and every person should have the

opportunity to experience it.

(…) Tourism in the Amazon rainforest is one of the ways to preserve its biological and ethnic

diversity. What tourism does is to provide the local populations an alternative for making their living

honestly. If there are no alternatives the local population has an extremely difficult decision to make,

should they start to work in illegal activities or bear the lack of resources to sustain their family. For a poor

individual someone offering them money equivalent to what they would earn in a year just to capture a bird

or a frog is very tempting, even more in areas that don't have great police capabilities and wide spread

poverty. http://www.amazon-rainforest.org/tourism.html

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a) Mark T (true) or F (false):

( ) Tourism in the Amazon Rainforest is decreasing.

( ) There are some reasons that keep the regular tourist away.

( ) People don‟t fear tropical diseases.

( ) There are dangerous and poisonous animals in the forest.

( ) Infrastructure is well developed there.

( ) It's really an unforgettable and unique place in the world.

( ) Tourism provides the local populations an alternative for making their living honestly.

b) Comprehensions questions:

1 - Get from the text four reasons that keep tourists away from the Amazon rainforest.

2 - What should you do before visiting the region? Why?

3 - What are the animals that will bother you the most? What can you do to avoid that?

4 - What‟s considered a good tourism infrastructure?

5 - Where is it possible to find that?

6 - What should a person, who really wants to know the region, do?

7 - According to the text, what is the Amazon rainforest like?

8 - How can tourism help local populations?

9 - If you had the chance, would you go to this place? Explain.

2 - Use „must‟ in the contexts below. Eg.: You must visit The Amazon Rainforest.

a) Write 3 sentences using must to give recommendations about what people should do in The

Amazon rainforest (recommendation).

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b) Write 2 sentences using must to say what a tourist have to do on his, her trip (necessity,

obligation).

3 - Noel and his wife visited Brazil on their last vacation, read a quote from his journal:

Our Brazil and Peru Tours

By : Noel Swanson

Trip Beginning July 2, 2010

Trip End July 18, 2010

“My philosophy has always been that life is too short to do things you don‟t enjoy, and too short to

be missing out on doing things you do want to do. That is why I built my business in the way I did – so that

it would free me up to do what I want to do. Our Brazil and Peru tours were interesting - but huge. Every

time we went to a new place, it was a full day‟s traveling.” Noel Swanson

http://www.adventure-life.com/journals/our-brazil-and-peru-tours-353/

a) Complete the sentences below using the Simple Past (Subject + verb) or the Past continuous

(Subject + be + verb-ing) of the verbs in parenthesis.

1 - Everytime we __________ (go) to a new place, it was a full day‟s traveling.

2 - We ___________ (meet) someone who introduced us to Pousada Santa Clara in Pantanal.

3 - We ___________ (do) a river trip.

4 - When we _______________ (fish) for yellow-bellied piranhas, they told us they would be our dinner.

5 - Apparently everything is government controlled, and people_______________ (treat) us like children

on a school trip.

6 - Since the World Cup ____________(go on), we __________ (watch) the Brazilians play at it.

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b) Go back to exercise „a‟ and write the sentences in boldface in the negative and interrogative forms.

c) Take a look at part of Noel‟s agenda while he was traveling around Peru:

July

Jul 2 - Costa del Sol

Jul 3 - Floating Islands of Uros

Jul 4 - Amantani Island Homestay on Amantani Island

Jul 5 - Q'Elqatani Bus Ride

Jul 6 - Taypikala Hotel Cusco

http://www.adventure-life.com/journals/our-brazil-and-peru-tours-353/

- Fill in the blanks using the correct prepositions of time or place: in, on or at.

We visited many places _____ July. _____ July 2, we checked in _____ Costa del Sol, _____ Lima,

Peru. _____ July 3, we visited and stayed _____ the Floating islands of Uros _____ the morning and _____

the afternoon, we got back _____ night. After we checked out from Costa del Sol, _____ July 4, we arrived

_____ Amantani Island Homestay, _____ Amantani Island, we got there _____7pm. _____ July 5 we took

a bus ride _____ O‟Elqatani and stayed _____ the bus for 3 hours. Then, ____ the 6th

of July we met our

friends _____ Cusco and soon found the area where our hotel was ____. The hotel we stayed _____ was

named Taypikala Hotel Cusco and was about 5 hours from Machu Pichu, where we could learn about the

Incas. We remained _____ Peru for 2 weeks and it was amazing.

Test - Unit 2

1) Zeca Baleiro is a Brazilian singer who began performing in São Luís, Maranhão, around 1975.

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a) Complete the data about him using the conjunctions: but, and, or, so.

He spent years acting as a composer ____ interpreter in several cities like Belo Horizonte MG and São

Paulo SP, _____ he had his big break when Gal Costa invited him to appear in her special for Acústico

MTV in 1997. His first two albums, Por Onde Andará Stephen Fry? _____ Vô Imbolá, won gold records.

He was also nominated for the 2000 Latin Grammy Awards in the Best Pop Album category. In 1999 he

was awarded Best Singer by APCA, ____ São Paulo's association of art critics, ____ in 1998 won three

Sharp prizes in the pop/rock category, as best song, best album, _____revelation. Songs off his first CD

were chosen for soundtracks of TV Globo soap operas, ____ "Samba do Approach" (off the second one)

was included in TV Globo's series Mulheres. Baleiro has performed in Cannes (France), Montreux

(Switzerland), Porto (Portugal), ____ Cartagena (Spain). He wrote the music of the show Mãe Gentil,

participated in the Os 5 no Palco project (…), as well as Songbook Chico Buarque, (…), ____ Projeto

Lusofonia (Martinho da Vila). Baleiro produced the albums of Ceumar and Patrícia Amaral, ____ also had

the time to finish his video "Proibida Pra Mim" ____ he presented it in the cinema. http://music.aol.com/artist/zeca-baleiro/biography

b) Which is the most repeated conjunction? How many of it could you find?

2) Comprehension questions:

A - When did Zeca have his big break?

B - Which of his albums won gold records?

C - What were songs of his first CD chosen for?

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D - What countries has he performed in?

E - Whose videos did Baleiro produce?

F - Which of his videos was presented in the cinema?

3) Make up phrasal verbs using the following verbs (believe, fill, get, look, put, switch, take, throw,

turn, try) and the prepositions (away, down, for, in, off, on, out) to form meaningful sentences.

When going to a concert…

1) Quick! ________ the bus. It's ready to leave, the concert is in 30 minutes.

2) I don't know where my ticket is. I have to _________ it.

3) It's dark on this bus. Can you _________ the light, please?

4) ________ the form, informing your ID in case of any incidents, please.

5) It's so loud here. Can you __________ the radio a little, we are going to stand a lot of noise at the

concert already.

6) It's warm here, it‟s too crowded. __________ your coat.

7) I have one of his Cds but it is really old and damaged. You can _______ it _______.

8) I need some new batteries for my camera. Why don't you _________ the Panasonic ones?

9) The firemen were able to _________ the fire in the building close to the theater.

10) Does your little brother _________ good songs too?

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Unit 3 - Test

Brazil is the largest and most populous country in South America. Almost as if to complement its

exciting geographical contrasts, from wetlands to tropical forest to beaches, it also boasts an incredible

multi-ethnic mix, which is mirrored in its cuisine.

Current Day Brazilian Cuisine

As with many other large countries, Brazilian cuisine has its regional differences, although staple

ingredients throughout Brazil today include beans, rice and manioc meal. To the North and Northeast

(includes Amazonas, Rondônia and Pará), the diet is mainly fish, root vegetables and fruits as opposed to

the Southeast (Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Minas Gerais, etc.) where the use of corn, pork and beans is

traditional. The Central-west region (includes Mato Grosso and Goiás) comprising dry open prairies which

are ideal for ranches, woodland and The Pantanal, a huge freshwater wetland, offers fish, pork and beef as

well as agricultural crops such as rice, corn and manioc (cassava) for daily consumption. In the South,

ranches are also found and in that area, barbecue is really popular (especially in Rio Grande do Sul).

http://www.recipes4us.co.uk/cooking%20by%20country/brazil.htm

1) Find the names of the food below in the text and name them:

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a) b) c) d)

e) f) g) h)

2) Comprehension questions:

a) What are considered staple ingredients throughout Brazil?

b) Describe the diet in the:

- North and Northeast

- Southeast

- Central-west

- South

c) What do you usually eat for breakfast, lunch and dinner?

d) What‟s your favorite food?

3) Complete the instructions of the recipe using the verbs below, all of them should be in the

imperative since you are giving instructions:

place - continue - heat - add - drain - mix - serve - cover

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Feijoada Completa

Ingredients

225g/8oz Salt Pork, cut into 2.5cm/1-inch cubes

1 tbsp Vegetable Oil

1 Onion, chopped

2 Garlic Cloves, crushed

400g/14oz dried Black Beans, soaked overnight 450g/1lb Portuguese sausage (Linguiça)

225g/8oz Lean Smoked Ham Hock

Salt and Black Pepper

2 Bay Leaves

1 small Orange, washed and cut in half

960ml/32fl.oz. Water (approx)

450g/1lb Corned Beef, cut into 5cm/ 2-inch cubes

2 Oranges, peeled and sliced to garnish

Instructions

1. _________ the salt pork in a saucepan of cold water, bring to the boil and _________ to boil for 5

minutes.

2. Meanwhile, _________ the oil in a large saucepan add the onion and garlic and sauté until light golden

brown.

3. _________ the beans and salt pork and add to the onion mixture together with the sausage, ham hock,

salt, black pepper, bay leaves, halved-orange and water.

4. _________ well, bring to simmering point then __________ and simmer for 1 hour or until the beans are

tender, stirring from time to time and adding more water if necessary.

5. _________ the corned beef, mix well and continue to cook for a further 1 hour, adding more water if

necessary.

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6. _________ hot with the sliced oranges and accompanied with rice and/or toasted manioc meal.

4) Fruit juice recipes from Brazil (http://www.suite101.com/content/fruit-juice-recipes-from-brazil-a21155)

a) Complete the juice recipe below using the adverbs of sequence:

lastly - then - second - next - first

Papaya Juice

________ cut 2 papayas in half, ________ remove the seeds and scoop out the flesh.

________ place the fruits in a liquefier with 1 tbsp of your favorite honey, 1 cup of orange juice, 1 tbsp of

lime juice and 4 ice cubes. ________ liquefy well, and ________ serve.

b) Now, write your own recipe based on the instructions and questions that follow. Use the expressions,

that indicate sequence, in the parenthesis.

Mango Juice

- Cut 2 mangos in half

- Remove the seeds

- Scoop out the flesh

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- Liquefy 1 tbsp of lime juice, 4 ice cubes and 200 ml of water.

- Serve

How many mangos do you need? (Before you begin)

How do you cut the mangos? (The next step is to. . .)

What do you remove? (The next thing you do is…, and…)

What do you do with the flesh? (After that)

What do you liquefy? (Once you've done that, then. . .)

What do you do? (When you've finished)

- Before you begin you need 2 mangos…

References

http://www.buzzle.com/articles/bob-marley-biography.html. Acesso em 15 nov 2010.

http://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/imperative/exercise3.html. Acesso em 10 nov 2010.

http://epidemikcoalition.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/08/ansley.jpg Acesso em 12 nov 2010.

http://explorer.msn.com/install.htm. Acesso em 15 nov 2010.

http://www.lyrics007.com/Bob%20Marley%20Lyrics/No%20Woman%20No%20Cry%20Lyrics.html. Acesso em 18 nov

2010.

www.phrasalverbdemon.com. Acesso em 16 nov 2010.

http://thoughtleague.com/linkagg/BlogContent/TopSites/universal_packing_list.png. Acesso em 15 nov 2010.

http://www.turismo.ma.gov.br/en/index.html. Acesso em 16 nov 2010.

http://www.usingenglish.com/reference/phrasal-verbs/. Acesso em 12 nov 2010.

http://www.wannasurf.com/spot/South_America/Brazil/Maranhao/index.html. Acesso em 15 nov 2010.

http://www.amazon-rainforest.org/tourism.html. Acesso em 17 nov 2010.

http://www.adventure-life.com/journals/our-brazil-and-peru-tours-353/. Acesso em 17 nov 2010.

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http://music.aol.com/artist/zeca-baleiro/biography. Acesso em 17 nov 2010.

http://www.recipes4us.co.uk/cooking%20by%20country/brazil.htm. Acesso em 17 nov 2010.

http://www.suite101.com/content/fruit-juice-recipes-from-brazil-a21155. Acesso em 17 nov 2010.