unitary correlation operator methodthe unitary correlation operator method for interacting fermi...

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The Unitary Correlation Operator Method for Interacting Fermi Gases Robert Roth (GSI) Rauischholzhausen XI @ Rostock, July 1-4, 1999

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Page 1: Unitary Correlation Operator MethodThe Unitary Correlation Operator Method for Interacting Fermi Gases Robert Roth (GSI) Rauischholzhausen XI @ Rostock, July 1-4, 1999

The Uni

tary

Cor

rela

tion

Ope

rato

rM

etho

d

for

Inte

ract

ing

Ferm

iGas

es

Rob

ertR

oth

(GSI

)

Rau

isch

holz

haus

enX

I@

Ros

tock

,Jul

y1-

4,19

99

Page 2: Unitary Correlation Operator MethodThe Unitary Correlation Operator Method for Interacting Fermi Gases Robert Roth (GSI) Rauischholzhausen XI @ Rostock, July 1-4, 1999

Problem & Overview#2

Q: How to treat short-range correlations in-duced by the strong repulsive core of the2body interaction within a many-bodysystem?

A: Unitary Correlation Operator Method!

...some keywords

★ elements: correlation operator/function,correlated states, correlated opera-tors/Hamiltonian, equation of state,correlated density matrix

★ approximations: 2body approximation,3body contributions, effective higher or-der contributions

★ application I: homework problem forneutron matter, equation of state, 2bodydensity & occupation numbers

★ application II: phenomenological GCT-potential for nuclear matter, equation ofstate

Page 3: Unitary Correlation Operator MethodThe Unitary Correlation Operator Method for Interacting Fermi Gases Robert Roth (GSI) Rauischholzhausen XI @ Rostock, July 1-4, 1999

The

Con

cept

ofth

e

Uni

tary

Cor

rela

tion

Ope

rato

rM

etho

d#3

unita

ryco

rrel

atio

nop

erat

or

�� ���

��� �

�� �

��

��� �������

� ��� ���!"� !� � �����

�#��

$

%�&�'(

% corr

elat

ion

func

tion

)+*�-,�

.0/1324

2

576 89 6:;< =>?A@9�B:DCB<89 B:

corr

elat

edst

ates

EFEGIHJ��EFEHJ

% corr

elat

edre

lati

vew

ave

func

tion

ofa

2bod

ysy

stem

K ,EFEGMLJ'

)ON� ,� ,

) NP � ,�K)QN� ,�EFELJ

corr

elat

edop

erat

ors

GMR��&R�

% corr

elat

edce

ntra

lpo

tent

ial

in2b

ody

spac

e GTS�VU�'S

W )YX�VU�Z

Page 4: Unitary Correlation Operator MethodThe Unitary Correlation Operator Method for Interacting Fermi Gases Robert Roth (GSI) Rauischholzhausen XI @ Rostock, July 1-4, 1999

Cor

rela

ted

Ham

ilton

ian

in2b

ody

App

roxi

mat

ion

#4

Ham

ilton

ian

in2b

ody

appr

oxim

atio

n

G �'

�&��'

G �� ���

G �� ���

G �� �������

����

�G ����

G ����G��� U��GTS� U�

effe

ctiv

em

ass

corr

ectio

ns

�����;���

= ����B� ?� �

9 B:!=

"

#

$%

&

;=' ����

9�B:� �

��� 2;�����( 2

= ����= ?) � 9�B

:!

B� ?* �9�B:

"

#

$%

&

;=' ���29�B:

��( 2���

loca

lpot

entia

ls�,+9�B: ;

=���?) � 9�B:

-

-. �?)) 9�B:

B?) 9�B:!

/ 0?)) � 9 B:

?) � 9 B:

1= �?))) 9�B: ?) 9 B:2

�,39�B: ;34?* 9 B:5

Page 5: Unitary Correlation Operator MethodThe Unitary Correlation Operator Method for Interacting Fermi Gases Robert Roth (GSI) Rauischholzhausen XI @ Rostock, July 1-4, 1999

Interacting Fermi GasAssumptions and Trial State

#5

many-body trial state� free fermi gas & unitary correlation operator provides

trial state for the interacting fermi gas� free one-body states are momentum eigenstates with

momentum����

and � -fold spin-isospin degeneracy������ �� ���� � ���� � � �� �� �� � � �� � ��������� �� � �� �

� many-body trial state��"!# is a correlated Slater determi-

nant of all one-body states with $ �� � $&% �('��)!# � * �� # � * + , �� �.- /0/0/1 �� �32 �4

next steps...� calculate correlated energy expectation value

!5 � � !# ��76 �� !# 98;: � � # �� !6 �� # <8;:� minimize the energy as a function(al) of the correlation

function ➼ optimal correlator� calculate any observable you like, e.g. equation of state,

densities...

Page 6: Unitary Correlation Operator MethodThe Unitary Correlation Operator Method for Interacting Fermi Gases Robert Roth (GSI) Rauischholzhausen XI @ Rostock, July 1-4, 1999

Equa

tion

ofSt

ate

for

anIn

tera

ctin

gFe

rmiG

asin

2bod

yA

ppro

xim

atio

n#6

corr

.Ham

ilton

ian

ener

gype

rpa

rtic

leas

func

tion

of

� �

% dire

ctte

rms

ofor

ders

�� � ,

�� � and

�� � ,res

p.

��� �

,

� and

��� �(

�'

� ����� � )

% exch

ange

term

sgr

oww

ith

smal

lerp

ower

sof

� �

than

the

dire

ctte

rms

% high

dens

ity

beha

vior

isde

term

ined

byth

eef

fect

ive

mas

ste

rms

(

�� � ���� � )

G � �'�*

G � �'

� � �

�� �

�G S�VU��G ��VU�

�����

�� �� ��,

� GTS� ,��G �� ,��� xc

h.

�G ����

G � �

� � ��

�� �� ��,

� G��N� �� ,��� �G �N� �� ,��� xc

h.

Page 7: Unitary Correlation Operator MethodThe Unitary Correlation Operator Method for Interacting Fermi Gases Robert Roth (GSI) Rauischholzhausen XI @ Rostock, July 1-4, 1999

Homework Problem

Potential & Optimal Correlator#7

Bethe’s homework problem (1973)� neutron matter ( � � �

) interacting via the repulsive coreof the

-����component of the Reid potential� ��� � � � ���� � MeV fm ����������� � fm � - � � 8 �

parametrization & matter-optimal correlator� choose a parametrization for the correlation function ���

and minimize the energy expectation value !5���� ��� � atsome given density ( � � � fm ��� )

� � ��� � � ��� ! �" # $ ��� �&%'� ��������� 8 " �)(

� � � � � fm" � � ��* � fm+ � * *-,

0 1 2 3 4. [fm]

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

[fm]

/10 2 .43657.98 : 2 .43

Page 8: Unitary Correlation Operator MethodThe Unitary Correlation Operator Method for Interacting Fermi Gases Robert Roth (GSI) Rauischholzhausen XI @ Rostock, July 1-4, 1999

Hom

ewor

kPr

oble

m

Loca

lPot

entia

ls&

Eff.

Mas

sC

orre

ctio

ns#8

loca

lpot

entia

lsef

fect

ive

mas

sco

rrec

tions

01

23

4

B [fm

]

-250255075100

[MeV

fm

� ]

01

23

4

B [fm

]

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.81

1.2

B�39 B:

B�� 39 B:

B�� +9�B:

�' � ��

9�B:1=

�' � �29�B:

% core

ofth

epo

tent

ial

isdr

amat

i-ca

llyre

duce

d

% addi

tion

alm

ediu

mra

nge

repu

l-si

onby

the

kine

tic

pote

ntia

l

% mas

sre

duct

ion

wit

hin

the

rang

eof

the

inte

ract

ion

% enha

ncem

ento

fthe

kine

tic

ener

gyby

addi

tion

alra

dial

mas

s

Page 9: Unitary Correlation Operator MethodThe Unitary Correlation Operator Method for Interacting Fermi Gases Robert Roth (GSI) Rauischholzhausen XI @ Rostock, July 1-4, 1999

Hom

ewor

kPr

oble

m

Equa

tion

ofSt

ate

in2b

ody

App

rox.

#9

00.

51

1.5

2� [f

m

�� ]

02

2.5

33.

5

���

[fm

�� ]

0

500

1000

1500

2000

[MeV

]

00.

10.

20.

30.

40.

5

01

1.5

2

� �

[fm

�� ]

050100

150

200

250

300

[MeV

]

�� ��

noco

rrel

ator

���� w

ith

mat

ter-

opti

mal

corr

elat

or

MC

Var

iatio

n[P

RD

16(7

7)30

81]

� /

FHN

C[P

L61

B(76

)393

]/[P

RA

16(7

7)12

58]

✔re

duct

ion

ofth

een

ergy

to

� �

ofth

eun

corr

elat

edva

lue

✔go

odag

reem

ent

wit

hre

fere

nce

for

low

dens

itie

s

�����

fm

N�

✘”o

verb

indi

ng”

ofup

to20

%at

high

dens

itie

s

� fm

N�

➼2b

ody

appr

oxim

atio

ngi

ves

res-

onab

lede

scri

ptio

nfo

rlo

wde

n-si

ties

but

need

sco

rrec

tion

sfo

rhi

ghde

nsit

ies

➼3b

ody

cont

ribu

tion

sre

leva

nt!!!

Page 10: Unitary Correlation Operator MethodThe Unitary Correlation Operator Method for Interacting Fermi Gases Robert Roth (GSI) Rauischholzhausen XI @ Rostock, July 1-4, 1999

Hom

ewor

kPr

oble

m

Ener

gyC

ontr

ibut

ions

inD

etai

l#1

0

ener

gyco

ntri

butio

nsdi

rect

&ex

chan

gete

rms

00.

51

1.5

2

� [fm

�� ]

02

2.5

33.

5

� �

[fm

�� ]

0

100

200

300

400

500

[MeV

]

00.

51

1.5

2

� [fm

�� ]

02

2.5

33.

5� �

[fm

�� ]

-1000

100

200

300

400

500

[MeV

].

���

� � �1� � 2

�,3

� +

����

dire

ctex

chan

ge

% loca

lte

rms

(

�� � �� )

give

mai

nco

ntri

buti

on,

effe

ctiv

em

ass

term

(

�� � ���� � )w

ins

athi

ghde

nsit

ies

% exch

ange

cont

ribu

tion

isin

the

or-

der

of10

%of

the

dire

ctte

rms

Page 11: Unitary Correlation Operator MethodThe Unitary Correlation Operator Method for Interacting Fermi Gases Robert Roth (GSI) Rauischholzhausen XI @ Rostock, July 1-4, 1999

Contributions of the

3rd Cluster Order#11

3body correlations

✘ no closed analytic expression for 3body correlated oper-ators available

➼ product approximation: partial summation of theBaker-Hausdorff expansion of the correlated operator

➼ generalized coordinate transformation: correlations for-mulated by a norm conserving 3body coordinate trans-formation

3body approximation of the EoS

!5 � � � � !5 ��� � ! � � � � � !� � � �! � � � � � � ��

����� ��' � � - � � � - � ! � � � � � �� - ��� �� - � �� xch. � xxch.

� contains all terms up to order� �' , especially all local

3body contributions� 3body effective mass contributions of order

�� ' are ne-glected

✘ high-dimensional numerical integrations over “rough”functions necessary (Monte Carlo methods)

Page 12: Unitary Correlation Operator MethodThe Unitary Correlation Operator Method for Interacting Fermi Gases Robert Roth (GSI) Rauischholzhausen XI @ Rostock, July 1-4, 1999

Hom

ewor

kPr

oble

m

3bod

yC

ontr

ibut

ions

toth

eEo

S#1

2

00.

51

1.5

2� [f

m

�� ]

02

2.5

33.

5

���

[fm

�� ]

0

500

1000

1500

2000

[MeV

]

00.

10.

20.

30.

40.

5

01

1.5

2

� �

[fm

�� ]

050100

150

200

250

300

[MeV

]

�� ��

���� w

ith

mat

ter-

opti

mal

corr

.

����1�,3�

��

����1�,3�

��1� +�

��;���

��

MC

Var

iatio

n[P

RD

16(7

7)30

81]

� /

FHN

C[P

L61

B(76

)393

]/[P

RA

16(7

7)12

58]

✔lo

calc

ontr

ibut

ions

ofth

e3b

ody

orde

rra

ise

the

ener

gy

✔va

riat

iona

lup

per-

boun

dpr

op-

erty

rest

ored

✔ve

rygo

odde

scri

ptio

nof

the

low

dens

ity

regi

me

✔po

tent

ialc

ontr

ibut

ion

prod

uces

dom

inan

teff

ect

➼3b

ody

orde

rse

ems

tobe

suffi

-ci

ent

for

are

ason

able

appr

oxi-

mat

ion

Page 13: Unitary Correlation Operator MethodThe Unitary Correlation Operator Method for Interacting Fermi Gases Robert Roth (GSI) Rauischholzhausen XI @ Rostock, July 1-4, 1999

Form

ulat

ion

of

Effe

ctiv

eH

ighe

rO

rder

Con

trib

utio

ns#1

3

dens

ity-d

epen

dent

corr

elat

ors

% corr

elat

orpa

ram

eter

sw

ith

dim

en-

sion

ofa

leng

th(i

.e.

� and

� )ar

esc

aled

asa

func

tion

ofde

nsit

y

�������

��

� �� ��

�) X� , ���

�� ��' ����� �

✔ef

fect

ive

pote

ntia

lsan

dm

asse

sbe

-co

me

dens

ity-

depe

nden

t

✔co

nsis

tent

sim

ulat

ion

ofhi

gher

or-

der

effe

cts

for

all

corr

elat

edob

-se

rvab

les

(ene

rgie

s,de

nsit

ies.

..)

3bod

yco

ntac

tint

erac

tion

% loca

l3b

ody

cont

ribu

tion

sap

prox

-im

ated

bya

sing

le3b

ody

cont

act

inte

ract

ion

S� �� �'�

�� , ��

� �� ,��

✔ex

pect

atio

nva

lue

give

san

addi

-ti

onal

term

prop

orti

onal

to

�� � fo

rth

eEo

S G � � X� 'G � ������ �

✘ap

plic

able

only

for

the

ener

gyex

-pe

ctat

ion

valu

e,no

pred

icti

onfo

rot

her

obse

rvab

les

% the

free

para

met

er� or

� has

tobe

fixed

byfit

ting

the

ener

gyto

high

eror

der

resu

lts

orto

som

ein

depe

nden

tcal

cula

tion

s

Page 14: Unitary Correlation Operator MethodThe Unitary Correlation Operator Method for Interacting Fermi Gases Robert Roth (GSI) Rauischholzhausen XI @ Rostock, July 1-4, 1999

Hom

ewor

kPr

oble

m

Effe

ctiv

eH

ighe

rO

rder

Con

trib

utio

nsto

the

EoS

#14

00.

51

1.5

2� [f

m

�� ]

02

2.5

33.

5

���

[fm

�� ]

0

500

1000

1500

2000

[MeV

]

00.

10.

20.

30.

40.

5

01

1.5

2

� �

[fm

�� ]

050100

150

200

250

300

[MeV

]

�� ��

���� w

ith

mat

ter-

opti

mal

corr

.

���� +

dens

ity-

dep.

corr

elat

or

���� +

3bod

yco

ntac

tint

erac

tion

MC

Var

iatio

n[P

RD

16(7

7)30

81]

� /

FHN

C[P

L61

B(76

)393

]/[P

RA

16(7

7)12

58]

% para

met

er

� or� is

choo

sen

tofit

the

MC

Vre

sult

at

�'

fm

N�

✔ve

rygo

odag

reem

ent

wit

hre

f-er

ence

over

the

who

lera

nge

for

the

dens

ity-

dep.

corr

elat

or

✔pe

rfec

tre

sult

sfo

rlo

wan

din

-te

rmed

iate

dens

itie

sw

ith

3bod

yco

ntac

tint

erac

tion

➼ea

syan

dsu

cces

sful

way

tosi

m-

ulat

eth

eef

fect

sbe

yond

2bod

yap

prox

imat

ion

Page 15: Unitary Correlation Operator MethodThe Unitary Correlation Operator Method for Interacting Fermi Gases Robert Roth (GSI) Rauischholzhausen XI @ Rostock, July 1-4, 1999

Correlated

Densities & Occupation Numbers#15

correlated 2body density matrix

� � ��� � �� - � �� ��� �� � � �� � ��� � ��� � � � � � � ��� � ��� !� � ��� � �� - � �� � � �� � � �� � ��� � � * � � � � � � � � � � � � *

➼ diagonal elements of the correlated 2body density in2body approximation

!� � ��� ��� ��� - � � � � � � ��� �� � ��� � ��� �! � � � ��

� � � - � � � � ��� - � ���� � #

correlated occupation numbers

� � - � � �� - � �� � ��� � � � � � � � � !� � - � � �� - � �� � ��� � � * � � � � � � *

� off-diagonal elements of the correlated 1body density in2body approximation

!� � - � ��� ��� - � � � � � - � ��� - � � � !� � - � � � � ��� - � �➼ correlated momentum space occupation numbers by

Fourier transform of correlated 1body density

! � ��� � � � � � �� � ������ � � � � !� � - � ��� ��� �

Page 16: Unitary Correlation Operator MethodThe Unitary Correlation Operator Method for Interacting Fermi Gases Robert Roth (GSI) Rauischholzhausen XI @ Rostock, July 1-4, 1999

Hom

ewor

kPr

oble

m

Cor

rela

ted

2bod

yD

ensi

tyM

atri

x#1

6

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.81

[

� � ]

�;���� fm

��

� �

;= ��= fm

��

02

46

8

B [� ���

]

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.81

�;= �� fm��

� �

;�����

fm��

�� ���-,�

�1 �49 B:

� �1 �4 �9 B:

� �1 �4 �9 B:

+de

nsit

y-de

pend

entc

orr.

(den

sity

-dep

ende

nce

fixed

byen

ergy

fit)

✔de

nsit

yis

redu

ced

toal

mos

tze

row

ithi

nth

eco

rere

gion

(,����� fm

)

✔en

hanc

emen

tof

the

dens

ity

outs

ide

the

core

such

that

the

inte

gral

ispr

e-se

rved

(uni

tari

ty)

➼co

rrel

atio

nho

le

✘si

zeof

the

corr

elat

ion

hole

grow

sco

mpa

red

toth

eex

chan

geho

lew

ith

incr

easi

ngde

nsit

y

✔de

nsit

y-de

pend

ent

corr

elat

orre

-du

ces

this

effe

ct

Page 17: Unitary Correlation Operator MethodThe Unitary Correlation Operator Method for Interacting Fermi Gases Robert Roth (GSI) Rauischholzhausen XI @ Rostock, July 1-4, 1999

Hom

ewor

kPr

oble

m

Cor

rela

ted

Occ

upat

ion

Num

bers

#17

0

0.250.5

0.751

�;���� fm

��

� �

;= ��= fm

��

00.

51

1.5

22.

5

� [� �

]

-0.2

50

0.250.5

0.751

�;= �� fm

��

� �

;�����

fm

��

�� ��� �

�9 �:' �

���� 9 �:' �

���� 9 �:' �

+de

nsit

y-de

pend

entc

orr.

✔co

rrel

atio

nsle

adto

popu

lati

onof

stat

esab

ove

the

Ferm

iedg

e

✔st

ates

wit

hin

the

Ferm

isp

here

are

depo

pula

ted

acco

rdin

gly

✘ne

gati

v–

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Page 18: Unitary Correlation Operator MethodThe Unitary Correlation Operator Method for Interacting Fermi Gases Robert Roth (GSI) Rauischholzhausen XI @ Rostock, July 1-4, 1999

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Page 19: Unitary Correlation Operator MethodThe Unitary Correlation Operator Method for Interacting Fermi Gases Robert Roth (GSI) Rauischholzhausen XI @ Rostock, July 1-4, 1999

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Page 20: Unitary Correlation Operator MethodThe Unitary Correlation Operator Method for Interacting Fermi Gases Robert Roth (GSI) Rauischholzhausen XI @ Rostock, July 1-4, 1999

Summary & Outlook#20

what was shown here...

✔ UCOM is a new and promising approach totame short-range correlations in the context ofquantum many-body problems

✔ unitary coordinate transformation of states oroperators to introduce correlations

✔ in 2body approximations the correlated inter-action has a simple analytic form

✔ higher order contributions can be calculatedexplicitly or included effectively

✔ convincing results for the homework problemand nuclear matter with the GCT potential

coming up next...

★ application to the zoo of atomic many-bodysystem: liquid � He, liquid

�He and droplets,

trapped Bose-Einstein condensates...

★ nuclear many-body systems with realistic in-teractions: tensor correlations!!!

★ use of the correlated realistic interactions as in-put for simulation of dynamics: nuclear colli-sions (FMD) and BEC dynamics.