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[BDMUNC 2013] Committee Update United Nations Development Programme Topic: Sustainable Water Resource Utilization for Developing Countries Inside: A. From the Dais B. Case Study No.1: UNDP Water Aid C. Case Study No.2: The Nile River Conflict D. A Sample Aid Programme E. Position Catalog and Lobbying F. Recommended Readings G. Critical Thinking and Assignment Annex: Committee Proceeding Review (Chinese) Supplementary Rules of Procedure 2013.01.13

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Page 1: United Nations Development Programme - bdmunc.orgbdmunc.org/wp-content/uploads/UNDP-Update-0113.pdf · A Sample Aid Programme ... Dais of United Nations Development Programme Haonan

[BDMUNC 2013] Committee Update

United Nations Development Programme Topic: Sustainable Water Resource Utilization for Developing Countries

Inside:

A. From the Dais B. Case Study No.1: UNDP Water Aid C. Case Study No.2: The Nile River Conflict D. A Sample Aid Programme E. Position Catalog and Lobbying F. Recommended Readings G. Critical Thinking and Assignment Annex: Committee Proceeding Review (Chinese)

Supplementary Rules of Procedure 2013.01.13

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Attribution

Dais of United Nations Development Programme,

Bright Dream Model United Nations Conference 2013

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From the Dais

Dear Delegates, UNDP is an innovative committee, and from this update you will find out the innovation of it. In this very last and very thick committee update, the Dais provide you with two case study from technical and political perspectives, which are the major focal points in the conference. The newly designed supplementary rules, lobbying and position catalog are sure to catch your eyes and render you a unique MUN experience. We know this is a challenge for you, and so for us! Please do not hesitate to ask us questions, discuss with us and improve with us. You have done a great job finishing your assignments, and keep up with your position catalog and have a good preparation for the final negotiation and discussion in BDMUNC 2013 UNDP! Looking forward to meeting all of you in Shanghai at this cold yet warm winter! Good luck!

Dais of United Nations Development Programme

Haonan Zhou, Dais Head

Weigang Du, Dais Member

Ke Ning, Dais Member

Tianyu Li, Dais Member

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Case Study No.1: UNDP Water Aid

Managing the Black Sea and the Danube River Basin

This section is mainly composed of a project report on the UNDP website, with the referent of Journal of Coastal Research. All delegates please read this report carefully, grab the keywords that may come in handy when you set up the goals and actions for your own aid programme.

(a) Situation Analysis The Danube River flows through many Eastern European countries before reaching the Black Sea. For decades, the discharge of polluted water into the Danube resulted in nutrient over-enrichment in the Black Sea, affecting fish stocks, beaches and the incidence of waterborne disease. According to the report published by Journal of Coastal Research, large amounts of P-mineral and N-mineral fertilizer, released into various supplements of the Danube, is the main pollutant of the Danube River. With the impetus of extent wind stress and prosperous phytoplankton production, the plume flows into the western Black Sea, which joins the Danube and causes further diffusion.

(b) Joint Effort of UNDP/GEF In 1993, the Bucharest Convention on Protection of the Black Sea led to the first UNDP/GEF project: a trans-boundary diagnostic analysis to inform a rehabilitation and protection program for the Black Sea. The environmental plan, called the Strategic Action Program, was adopted by six countries in 1996. In the following decade a coordinated series of intergovernmental programs supported regional and national implementation of environmental programming for both the Black Sea and the Danube River. UNDP worked closely with the GEF in its Danube and Black Sea programs, benefiting from GEF's financial resources and methodology for addressing the ecological challenges of shared water systems. For its part, UNDP brought extensive experience and neutrality in convening governments, building national and international institutional capacity, and coordinating partners to advance multi-country governance reforms. Along with the GEF, the European Union, the World Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development funded the programs. Between 1991 and 2000, two UNDP/GEF-led Danube River Basin Programs drove the

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Danube side of the integrated approach, while another two programs addressed the Black Sea. In 2001, a strategic partnership was established, bringing together the key stakeholders in a "basin-wide approach" with three components: The UNDP/GEF Danube Regional Project was implemented by UNDP and involved the International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River. The UNDP/GEF Black Sea Ecosystem Recovery Project was developed under the GEF and involved UNDP, the UN Environment Program and the UN Office for Project Services. The World Bank/GEF Investment Fund for Nutrient Reduction was an investment fund created by the World Bank to provide GEF grant support to leverage World Bank financing for nutrient reduction investments.

(c) Achievements The Danube and the Black Sea countries now have legal, institutional, policy and financial mechanisms in place to manage nutrient pollution. Specific achievements include: The GEF Strategic Partnership for the Black Sea and Danube Basin — a $US97 million framework providing investment finance and capacity-building support to 17 countries. Over $3.5 billion in investments in pollution reduction and habitat restoration, including municipal wastewater treatment, agricultural nutrient management, industrial pollution reduction and wetlands restoration. Demonstrable reductions in pollution loads resulting from nutrient reduction investments and implementation of reforms targeting the management of nutrient pollution sources. Demonstrated improvement in the ecological status of the Danube River and the Black Sea, including the return of a number of key species. Development of pilot monitoring exercises, capacity-building workshops, quality assurance guidelines, and acquisition of equipment that can monitor nutrient levels. Development and involvement of a Black Sea non-governmental organization network. Monitoring and enforcing the nutrient management commitments of each country requires continued attention, and capacity development and national program development has not been wholly successful in all 17 countries. Nonetheless, real, transformational progress has been made.

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Case Study No.2: The Nile River Conflict

(a) The Case

Similar to many African countries, parts of Ethiopia face water shortages, poor sanitation, and a lack of access to clean water sources. Ethiopia is located in Africa's Horn where drought and politics are two leading causes of water shortage. In the past twenty years, droughts have affected several areas of the country, leading to serious lack of water in ponds, wells, streams and lakes. Many people living outside of the cities collect water from these shallow water sources, which are often contaminated with human and animal waste, worms, or disease. During months and sometimes years of drought, disease runs rampant through small villages and towns. Frequently there is not enough water for people to bathe, leading to infections and sickness in children. Water borne illnesses, such as cholera or diarrhea, are the leading cause of death in children under five years old in Ethiopia. This problem is caused not only by the arid landscape, but also can be attributed to the political disputes in the region. The Nile, main source of water in Ethiopia, flows for 6,700 kilometers through ten countries in north-eastern Africa – Rwanda, Burundi, Zaire/Congo, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Eritrea, Ethiopia, the Sudan, and Egypt – before reaching the Mediterranean, and is the longest international river system in the world. The dispute over water usage in the Nile region is most implacable between Egypt and Ethiopian, two of the most prosperous countries in the area. The area tension had reached critical level not long ago. In September 24, 2012, An Egyptian official has emphatically denied the allegations that his country had reached an agreement with neighboring Sudan to use its territories as a launch-pad for potential attacks on Ethiopian damming facilities. Sudan Tribune reported the allegations last month citing a 2010 internal e-mail leaked by the whistle-blowing website Wikileaks, which suggested that Sudan president Omer Al-Bashir had agreed to build an Egyptian airbase in his country’s western region of Darfur to be used for assaults on The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) should diplomatic efforts fail to resolve the dispute between Egypt and Ethiopia over Nile water-sharing. Ethiopia, the source of the Blue Nile, wants to take more water from it - claiming it could wean itself off food aid if it could irrigate from the river. However, a 1929 agreement between Egypt and Britain - the regional power at that time - gives Egypt most of the Nile's water and Egypt has said that it cannot afford to give up this claim because of the needs of its own booming population. "We generate about 85% of the total Nile waters - we have not utilized this resource at all so far," Misfinta Genny, Ethiopia's deputy minister of water, told the BBC World Service's Assignment program.

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" The amount we use so far is next to zero. So we must develop these resources, basically for the benefit of our people."

(b) Questions to Consider What roles, in your opinion, do historical reasons play in this dispute? How do you think can the international society do to stall the possible imminent war? Can you think of any satisfactory solution to both sides of the conflict?

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A Sample Aid Programme Aid programmes constitute the major parts of a Draft Resolution Annex. Since DR Annex is a new concept, the Dais shall explain this concept with a sample so that you will not feel at sea when you write an aid programme. The Principles of an aid programme: Conciseness & Preciseness Conciseness means that an aid programme scheme should not be lengthy. Only essential information, such as donor/recipient countries, goals of the programme and timetable, shall be included in the scheme. Preciseness puts emphasis on the effect of an aid programme, i.e. a logical and detailed historical analysis integrated with specific, pertinent aid strategies. If you feel that these definitions are hard to grab, please refer to the sample programme below. The format of this sample is NOT the final aid programmes submitted to the Dais; in other words, the format of an aid programme is rather free (the Dais is responsible for final proofread and editorial work), but please be sure to follow the previous principles. Please note that the sample programme is NOT relevant, in any form, to the topic we are discussing. The sample is NOT real, nor does the sample show any hints that may influence the committee proceeding. (IBRD stands for International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, one of the constituting members of the World Bank Group) Technical Terms: Donors are countries/organizations willing to provide DIRECT financial and/or technical support to implement the programme. The donors MUST be the sponsors of the programme. Recipients are countries to receive corresponding programme-based aid. AT LEAST one recipient should be the sponsor of the programme. Coordinators indicate the countries/organizations involved, but do not serve as donors/recipients in the programme. Note that coordinators must follow the obligations mentioned below, rather than merely sign their names on the programme.

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SAMPLE PROGRAMME (for reference only): [This is the start of the programme] Programme Name: Deforestation Alleviation Programme Programme Number: 1.1 - SAM – 201301 [The Dais will allocate the number.] Donors (non-binding): U.S.A [While non-binding donors/recipients welcome countries to join in the programme after the programme is introduced, binding ones do not] Recipients (binding): Brazil, Argentina Coordinators: UNDP, IBRD Programme Introduction: 1. Situation Analysis: [Historical Analysis. As short as possible] The Amazon Basin is one of the most highly deforested areas throughout the world. Causes addressing this issue are partially widespread agricultural and logging purposes. Deforestation is highest in the Mato Grosso, Rondonia, and Para regions due to the soybean industry and bio-fuels movement. The vast majority of deforestation occurred after 1960 from road building and other activities. Government agencies and the World Wildlife Federation (WWF) and others are working to make the area not as deforested (WWF 2010). Administrative governments of the area are having trouble keeping their land in tact and there are issues related to violence. If the situation is not prevented from deteriorating, there would be multiple losses of plant and animal species in the environment. 2. Obligations of Parties Involving the Programme: [Substantive part of the aid programme] A. Collective Administration Implementing the programme, the administrative governments are the core part of the entire programme. In the event of the prevention of deforestation in the Amazon Basin, the government body shall utilize IBRD’s fund efficiently. Concerning the fact that agricultural industry is one of the main columns of the economic system of most nations involved, and the circumstance that the exploitation of agriculture is the major cause of the issue, the administrative government should start revolution on it’s domestic agricultural system by establishing environmental-friendly farms, limiting over-exploitation of natural resources, and establishing exclosure areas. Governments are obligated to introduce the progress of the implementation of the programme to the IBRD whenever required in order to ensure the proceeding of the programme and make sure the financial flow of the programmme is transparent and legal. B. Recipients

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Recipients should strengthen domestic policy regarding forest protection. Sanctions should be imposed to those who violate the related regulations. Forest patrol pledging to prevent poaching should be enhanced. As reciprocation to the investment, recipient governments should establish individualized zone in the bio-system and provide access to international scholars in order to accelerate and facilitate academic researches addressing the specific Amazon Basin system. C. Donors and NGOs Donors of this programme would receive reports from the all sides addressing the programme and possesses the voting ratio when vital decisions are made addressing the issue, the ratio will be based on the total amount of the investigation that is made. Donor government representatives and NGOs experienced in the area of prevention of deforestation and capable of performing functions addressing this programme can be involved in the programme. Endorsing the principle of not violating counties sovereignty, the donors and NGOs should assist the recipients to perform the obligation. The form of the assistance should be determined according to the NGO’s expertise. Certain financial aids can be provided after restricted monitor. D. Board of Executives Providing financial aids and accelerating technical exchange are the basic obligations of the board. As a return, the board would enjoy the following privileges. a. Right to Investigate As is mentioned above, pledging to ensure the government’s implementation of the obligations under the programme, the board has the right to quest for as report if is considered necessary. In the event of a severe corruption of any party involved in the programme, the board will be in charge of the programme. b. Access to individualized zone As is mentioned above, in order to accelerate the academic research onboard the issue, the board of executives has the right to send scholars into the zone if is permitted by the local government. The sponsors of this programme reserves the right of explanation in all circumstances. Sponsors of this programme will be glad to contact any NGO willing or interested to participate in the programme. [This is the end of the programme] While this sample seems lengthy, the Dais suggest every delegate keeping the programme in NO MORE THAN ONE PAGE.

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Position Catalog and Lobbying

(a) Lobbying

"This is probably the most important yet baffling part of the conference."

- THIMUN Explanation: Lobbying Pre-session lobbying is scheduled to take place before the first official session starts. For detailed rules of procedure for lobbying, please refer to Annex 2. In BDMUNC 2013 UNDP, you do not have to act like THIMUN delegates who take out a handful of written papers of Draft Resolutions from their suitcases, put them down on the table, and start fighting and fretting. Lobbying session in UNDP is friendly yet essential for every delegate to get in the world of "UNDP-style" negotiation, that is: A macroscopic discussion of UNDP strategy; A detailed analysis of country situations; A workshop to gain specific attention to aid programmes; An opportunity for merging and integrating. Remember, in real-time lobbying session which lasts no more than one hour, every minute is precious. Keep discussing and find your destinations. Good Luck! Finally, there is some advice from THIMUN explanation of lobbying: "The key to successful lobbying is to be pro-active, which means taking active steps to present and discuss your proposals. Keep an eye on the fact that the aim is to negotiate in order to reach consensus. You should create resolutions that are representative of the policies of specific interest groups and that make realistic recommendations for actions to be taken in dealing with the issues. "

(b) Position Catalog It is really a struggle to write an assignment. The Dais bet that it is more than a struggle to hear that a position paper is required... However...

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The Dais is here to offer you a great new experience: the Position Catalog. Originating in the THIMUN Rules of Procedure for supplementary reference, the position catalog indeed helps delegates clarify their thinking, and really shortens the time for position statement and research. In BDMUNC 2013 UNDP, we have made this fantastic form for you to fill in as position statement. No more explanations. You will know how it is operated once you turn to the next page: (An interactive PDF will appear in the QQ group shortly after the update is published and distributed. Delegates are expected to join the group to fill out the form and submit to the Dais prior to the deadline of the Position Catalog)

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Recommended Readings The primary source: Official site of the United Nations Development Programme http://www.undp.org/ The secondary source: All the essays and books distributed in the Share section of BDMUNC 2013 UNDP QQ group: 274725711. Recommended readings in the past two committee updates. Delegates may direct their questions to [email protected] for assistance from the Dais. We will be more than happy to receive your questions.

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Critical Thinking and Assignments

A. Critical Thinking

Apart from questions posed in materials before this section, we the Dais summarize some key points of the conference and provide them to you in the form of critical thinking questions. Please think carefully. The Dais welcome your answers of either several questions or all the questions. 1. Re-emphasizing the topic:

Sustainable Water Resource Utilization for Developing Countries: How can an aid programme be sustainable? What role shall developed/developing countries play in the conference? What can

each side provide to guarantee the smooth implementation of the Draft Resolution and the Draft Resolution Annex?

2. Technical thinking: Brainstorm some technical methods to utilize water/improve the water quality. Based on your brainstorm, how can these methods/infrastructures be implemented?

Hints are as follows: Specific service teams; Supervision and analysis; Funds; Government support; ... (Please elaborate!)

[Please note that it is the essential part for your Draft Resolution Annex to be feasible and practical] 3. From the perspective of international relations: Figure out current international situation. This is really the first step towards a

realistic negotiation.

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Sometimes it is hard in a negotiation to make the opposite side accept all articles

you put forward. What shall you do in this situation? (Please think like a country leader, not a bargainer)

4. Rules and Procedures: Under what circumstances can a Draft Resolution be passed? (It is really a simple question to answer, but how about some details in both the Parliamentary and the Supplementary Rules of Procedure? Please read the Rules of Procedure carefully prior to attending the conference so that you will find yourselves really easy at the committee sessions.)

B. Assignment Finish the Position Catalog. Download the position catalog template shared in the QQ group and fill out the form. The deadline for position catalogs to be submitted is Jan. 24th, 23:59:59. All emails must be directed to [email protected]. An extension request is allowed.

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Bibliography

Ababa, A. (2003, December 8). Ethiopia: Warning of serious water crisis in africa.

Retrieved from http://www.irinnews.org/Report/47575/ETHIOPIA-Warning-of-serious-water-crisis-in-Africa

BBC News. (2005, February 24). Ethiopia and egypt dispute the nile. Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4274757.stm

Kroiss, H., Zessner, M., & Lampart, C. (2003). Nutrient management in the danube basin and its impact on the black sea. Journal of coastal research, 19(4), 898-906. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/4299232

Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting. (2008, January 3). Water wars: Ethiopia and kenya. Retrieved from http://pulitzercenter.org/projects/africa/water-wars-ethiopia-and-kenya

UNDP. (n.d.). Managing the black sea and the danube river basin. Retrieved from http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/ourwork/environmentandenergy/projects_and_initiatives/managing_the_blackseaandthedanuberiverbasin.html

Waititu, E. (n.d.). A dwindling existence for africa’s pastoralists. Retrieved from http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/africa705/history/africa.html

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Annex

会议流程介绍与解读(中文)

由于此部分涉及较多直接影响会议进程的规则解读,我们将采用中文叙述。

“闪亮之梦”全国中学生模拟联合国大会 2013 联合国开发计划署会场采用了一套针对UNDP 特殊条件而创设的补充规则流程,以通用美式规则为基础,兼有欧规元素并加以创新。UNDP 提出的 Presentation 和 Draft Resolution Annex 等新概念需要这些补充规则的支持。

英文版补充规则请见附二。接下来,将按照时间顺序针对本次会议进行会议流程介绍与解读,请代表仔细阅读,特别留意不同于通用规则的部分。如有任何问题,请联系会场邮箱:[email protected]

1. 正式会期前:Pre-Session Lobbying

Lobbying 是正式会期前为代表提供的交流磋商的平台,其功能近似与一个自由磋商,但功能却与会期内的自由磋商不同。UNDP 注重援助项目的具体构建,同时也不失对宏观方法论与思想的讨论与把握。在 Lobbying 的过程中,代表应结合自己国家的立场文件清单,积极开展磋商斡旋。主席团会充分与代表互动,帮助代表理清具体项目的设计思路,以便更有效率地推动 DR Annex 的产生。

2. 会期前半段:Parliamentary Rules

请各位代表注意,这里的“前半段”,是指整场会议前 2-3 个会期。不过,即使有如此规定,代表对于会议进程的推动仍具有最大的自由度,主席团不会设置开启会议后半段窗口的时间节点。

会议前半段将针对议题进行宏观讨论,覆盖范围较广。主席团鼓励代表以 Presentation 演示的方式替代工作文件(Working Paper)以总结讨论成果。与此同时,代表可起草决议草案(Draft Resolution,注意,不包括 Annex,但主席团欢迎代表在任何会期递交 Annex 项目)及其修正案(如有)。其投票、排序等问题仍参照通用规则。

请注意,当一份决议草案通过后,其他决议草案自动作废。主席团将在一个短暂自由磋商后调整会议流程,开启适用于会议后半段的操作窗口。

3. 会期后半段:Presentation-Oriented Alternative Rules

会期后半段将着重讨论与决议草案附录(DR Annex)相关的内容。即具体援助项目。处于后半段的会场将在通用规则架构下,采用 Presentation 驱动模式进行会议。

决议草案正文通过后,代表们可将具体项目直接递交至主席团。主席团将在审核后安排其进入 Presentation List 中。后半段会期开始后,主发言名单(Speakers' List)自动转换为Presentation List。主席团将按照 Presentation List 中顺序、时间设置请相关代表上台陈述演示。会期中代表依旧有权动议有主持核心磋商和自由磋商,与通用规则一致。

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当主席团认为,或会场有迹象显示,援助项目以达饱和,主席团将切换 Presentation List

回主发言名单。在主发言名单下讨论所有援助项目进入 DR Annex 的可能性。代表在此时可草拟 DR Annex 有关自己项目最终条款,并在指定时间点前递交至主席团处。请代表特别注意,DR Annex 无修正案!

最终的 DR Annex 将由主席团汇总后印发全场或在屏幕中打出。进入投票流程后,代表可动议 Division(见补充规则)和 Reorder(见通用规则),以确定项目投票先后顺序和特别情况。

Supplementary Rules of Procedure

General Rules Rule 1 Scope: These rules are the exclusive supplementary rules of procedure apply to the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) of Bright Dream Model United Nations Conference for National High School Students 2013, except for modifications provided by the Secretariat, and will be considered adopted in advance of session. Rule 2 Compatibility: Unless specifically mentioned in the rules below, all rules are considered compatible to the supplementary rules. The Secretariat and the Dais of UNDP shall be the ultimate source of modification if there are issues concerning conflict of rules in committee sessions.

Rules Governing Debate and Presentation Rule 3 Lobbying (Pre-session Only): Delegates may have a pre-session lobbying before the first official session, usually during the period allotted by the Dais. Delegates may freely discuss, debate or plan to write committee papers. During lobbying, any points to the Dais shall be submitted in the form of Page. The only acceptable motion is the motion to adjourn the lobbying session. Rule 4 Presentation: Presentation is an extension in function of a Working Paper to summarize the committee debate or to propose new materials (e.g. Specific aid programme in Draft Resolution Annex). The Dais strongly recommend delegates to utilize presentation instead of Working Papers during committee session. Rule 5 Preparation of a Presentation: A maximum number of five countries is allowed to be recognized as presenters of one single presentation. Except for the situation approved by the Dais, no format other than PowerPoint (.ppt format is recommended),

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PDF, or Word document (.doc format is recommended) is allowed to make the presentation. The presentation is NOT committee papers, so they will not be printed and distributed. Delegates are required to prepare a verbal explanation along with the electronic presentation contents. Rule 6 Submission of a Presentation: Delegates may submit the presentations directly to the Dais during ANY period except voting procedure. Along with the contents of a presentation, delegates should indicate the expected length of the presentation (usually no more than 15 minutes, under modification by the Dais) and the length of the Questions and Answers session (usually no more than 6 minutes). The Dais will check the materials and allocate the time for the presentations on the floor. If there are more than one presentation on the floor, the Dais will arrange the presentations in chronological order. Rule 7 Presentation Proceedings: When the floor is open, and a presentation is on the floor, the Chair will automatically recognize the presenters to make the presentation. The presenters MUST finish the presentation before the allotted time is exhausted. After the Q&A session starts, the Chair will recognize countries to put forward questions or comments. Each question has a maximum length of 15 seconds, and the presenters have up to 1 minute to respond. The comment length is no more than 30 seconds while presenters are not allowed to respond to the comments. Rule 8 Presentation List (Alternative Rules Setting Only): After the Draft Resolution has passed. The Chair will open a presentation list serving as Speakers’ List. Delegates who wish to present shall come directly to the Dais and submit the materials, then the countries to present will be added into the presentation list. When the floor is open and no motion is seen, the presentation list proceeds. The Dais can close the presentation list and open a new General Speakers’ List when there are no more presentations on the floor.

Rules Governing Substantive Matters - Draft Resolution Annex Rule 9 Draft Resolution Annex: Draft Resolution Annex is the official committee paper of BDMUNC 2013 UNDP to state specific country aid programmes. Aid programmes must contain signatures of every related countries. Rule 10 Presentation and Draft Resolution Annex: In the alternative rules setting, all presentations shall focus on specific aid programmes. Countries who present their possible aid programmes indicate an interest for the programmes to be contained in the Draft Resolution Annex. As presentations are not formal committee papers, delegates are required to submit an official copy of programme summary to the Dais to be added into the Draft Resolution Annex.

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Rule 11 Submission of an Aid Programme: Every aid programme to be submitted by the delegates must contain official signatures or approval of every country involved in. The Dais recommends a PDF or a Word document as the final format for the aid programme. After a programme has been submitted, the Dais will add it into the final Draft Resolution Annex and render a unique label in chronological order. Draft Resolution Annex does not have an Amendment. All contents submitted by the delegates are considered the final version and cannot be altered in any way except for grammar and diction. Rule 12 Voting on Draft Resolution Annex: Draft Resolution Annex requires a simple majority to pass, regardless of whether a specific article has been divided to a new voting. When the floor is open, delegates may motion to move into voting procedure, and the operational procedure is similar to what is mentioned in the parliamentary rules. Rule 13 Division of Draft Resolution Annex: When delegates feel that one or more aid programmes in the Draft Resolution Annex need to be divided to a separate voting, they can motion to divide the Draft Resolution Annex. The motion needs a simple majority to pass. When stating the motion, delegates shall state clearly which programmes need separating and the order of voting (i.e. whether the original Annex is voted first or the separated ones). After one such motion passes, all other motions to divide the Draft Resolution Annex is considered out of order and the committee will immediately move into the roll call voting according to the division result and order set in the motion.