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b fheh^_`b \ :g]he_� dhlhjmx gZf_q_gh ijh\_klb \

2001–2002 ]h^Zo�

2. Kh\_sZgby

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[ueZ \i_j\u_ ij_^hklZ\e_gZ \hafh`ghklv f_klguf

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\dexqZeZ ijh\_^_gb_ ke_^mxsbo f_jhijbylbc�

Z� Mq_[gu_ dmjku ]jmiih\h]h h[mq_gby� < i_-jbh^ k � yg\Zjy �� ]h^Z ih �� ^_dZ[jy �� ]h^Z:abZlkdbc b >Zevg_\hklhqguc bgklblml ijh\_e r_klv

mq_[guo dmjkh\ ]jmiih\h]h h[mq_gby� ��c f_`^mgZ-jh^guc k_fbgZj �yg\Zjv±n_\jZev �� ]h^Z� gZ l_fm

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hlijZ\e_gby m]heh\gh]h ijZ\hkm^by�� _ f_`^mgZ-jh^gu_ mq_[gu_ dmjku �Z\]mkl±ghy[jv �� ]h^Z� gZ

l_fm �Wnn_dlb\gh_ hlijZ\e_gb_ m]heh\gh]h ijZ\hkm-^by dZd kj_^kl\h ij_^mij_`^_gby dhjjmipbb kj_^b

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ljZgkgZpbhgZevghc hj]Zgbah\Zgghc ij_klmighklvx�

Zdp_gl gZ \aZbfghc ijZ\h\hc ihfhsb b wdkljZ^bpbb��_ f_`^mgZjh^gu_ mq_[gu_ dmjku �fZc±bxev

2000 ]h^Z� gZ l_fm �Kh\j_f_ggu_ ijh[e_fu bkijZ\b-l_evgh]h \ha^_ckl\by b wnn_dlb\gu_ dhgljf_ju�� b

��_ f_`^mgZjh^gu_ mq_[gu_ dmjku �Z\]mkl±ghy[jv

2000 ]h^Z� gZ l_fm �Wnn_dlb\gu_ f_lhû [hjv[u kljZgkgZpbhgZevghc hj]Zgbah\Zgghc ij_klmighklvx

\ ijhp_kkZo hlijZ\e_gby m]heh\gh]h ijZ\hkm^by�� GZ

wlbo mq_[guo dmjkZo b k_fbgZjZo aZgbfZehkv

156 kemrZl_e_c ba �� kljZg :njbdb� :abb� <hklhqghc

?\jhiu� EZlbgkdhc :f_jbdb b Lbohhd_Zgkdh]h j_]bh-

E/CN.15/2001/8

7

gZ� Kh \j_f_gb ijh\_^_gby ��o f_`^mgZjh^guo

mq_[guo dmjkh\ Bgklblml ijb^Z_l hkh[h_ agZq_gb_

\hijhkZf [hjv[u k ljZgkgZpbhgZevghc hj]Zgbah\Zg-ghc ij_klmighklvx� m^_eyy \ i_j\mx hq_j_^v \gbfZ-gb_ ijbhjbl_lguf l_fZf� h[hagZq_gguf Dhfbkkb_cHj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc ih ij_^mij_`^_-gbx ij_klmighklb b m]heh\ghfm ijZ\hkm^bx�

b) Q_l\_jlu_ ki_pbZevgu_ mq_[gu_ dmjku ih

[hjv[_ k dhjjmipb_c \ kbkl_f_ m]heh\gh]h ijZ\hkm^by�

< ghy[j_ �� ]h^Z :abZlkdbc b >Zevg_\hklhqguc bg-klblml ijh\_e q_l\_jlu_ ki_pbZevgu_ mq_[gu_ dmjku

gZ l_fm �;hjv[Z k dhjjmipb_c \ kbkl_f_ m]heh\gh]h

ijZ\hkm^by�� GZ wlbo dmjkZo ijbgyeb mqZklb_ �� bgh-kljZgguo ^he`ghklguo ebp� aZgbfZxsboky \hijhkZfb

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f_`^mgZjh^gh]h khljm^gbq_kl\Z�

k� I_j\Zy ki_pbZevgZy mq_[gZy ijh]jZffZ êyD_gbb ih kbkl_fZf hlijZ\e_gby ijZ\hkm^by \ hlgh-r_gbb g_kh\_jr_gghe_lgbo ijZ\hgZjmrbl_e_c� :ab-Zlkdbc b >Zevg_\hklhqguc bgklblml ijh\_e i_j\mx

ki_pbZevgmx mq_[gmx ijh]jZffm êy ^_\ylb ^he`gh-klguo ebp ba kbkl_fu m]heh\gh]h ijZ\hkm^by D_gbb�dhlhju_ aZgbfZxlky \hijhkZfb ij_^mij_`^_gby ^_l-kdhc ij_klmighklb b h[jZs_gby k g_kh\_jr_gghe_l-gbfb ijZ\hgZjmrbl_eyfb� Wlhl mq_[guc k_fbgZj gZ

l_fm �Kbkl_fu hlijZ\e_gby ijZ\hkm^by \ hlghr_gbb

g_kh\_jr_gghe_lgbo ijZ\hgZjmrbl_e_c� khklhyeky \

hdly[j_ �� ]h^Z� GZ e_dpbhgguo aZgylbyo b \ oh^_hagZdhfbl_evguo ih_a^hd \ khhl\_lkl\mxsb_ mqj_`-^_gby d_gbckdb_ ij_^klZ\bl_eb bamqbeb hiul Yihgbb

\ hj]ZgbaZpbb jZ[hlu kbkl_f hlijZ\e_gby ijZ\hkm^by

\ hlghr_gbb g_kh\_jr_gghe_lgbo ijZ\hgZjmrbl_e_c

b h[jZs_gby k g_kh\_jr_gghe_lgbfb ijZ\hgZjmrbl_-eyfb�

d) Q_l\_jluc b iyluc ki_pbZevgu_ k_fbgZju

êy klZjrbo ^he`ghklguo ebp kbkl_fu m]heh\gh]h

ijZ\hkm^by DblZy� :abZlkdbc b >Zevg_\hklhqguc bg-klblml ijh\_e ^\Z ki_pbZevguo k_fbgZjZ êy klZjrbo

^he`ghklguo ebp kbkl_fu m]heh\gh]h ijZ\hkm^by Db-lZy ih l_fZf� �JZpbhgZevgZy kljmdlmjZ kbkl_fu m]h-eh\gh]h ijZ\hkm^by b \aZbfh^_ckl\b_ f_`^m jZaebq-gufb mqj_`^_gbyfb kbkl_fu m]heh\gh]h ijZ\hkm^by�

�fZjl �� ]h^Z� b �MqZklb_ h[s_kl\_gghklb b `_jl\

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ghklv h[km^blv \hijhku b h[f_gylvky hiulhf \ j_r_-gbb ZdlmZevguo ijh[e_f� kms_kl\mxsbo \ DblZ_ b

Yihgbb�

2. K_fbgZj�ijZdlbdmf ih ijh[e_fZf

ij_klmighklb� k\yaZgghc k dhfivxl_jgufb

k_lyfb

21. < jZfdZo ^_kylh]h Dhg]j_kkZ :abZlkdbc b >Zev-g_\hklhqguc bgklblml hj]Zgbah\Ze k_fbgZj�ijZdlb-dmf ih ijh[e_fZf ij_klmighklb� k\yaZgghc k dhfivx-l_jgufb k_lyfb� Ijb ih^]hlh\d_ d wlhfm k_fbgZjm�

ijZdlbdmfm Bgklblml ijh\_e m k_[y ^\Z kh\_sZgby

wdki_jlh\ ih l_f_ �Ij_klmighklv� k\yaZggZy k dhfivx-l_jgufb k_lyfb�� dhlhju_ khklhyebkv \ hdly[j_

1998 ]h^Z b \ hdly[j_ �� ]h^Z�

3. Bkke_^h\Zgby b im[ebdZpbb

22. :abZlkdbc b >Zevg_\hklhqguc bgklblml \uimk-lbe ^\_ im[ebdZpbb ih^ gZa\Zgb_f �Hkh[_gghklb mk-eh\gh]h hkm`^_gby \ajhkeuo ijZ\hgZjmrbl_e_c \

:abb� b �Hkh[_gghklb kh^_j`Zgby \ bkijZ\bl_evguomqj_`^_gbyo \ :abb�� dhlhju_ [ueb him[ebdh\Zgu�

khhl\_lkl\_ggh� \ �� ]h^m b �� ]h^m� Djhf_ lh]h�

Bgklblml ba^Ze im[ebdZpbx ih^ gZa\Zgb_f �Ij_klmi-ghklv� k\yaZggZy k dhfivxl_jgufb k_lyfb ± \uah\u

XXI \_dZ�� dhlhjZy bkihevah\ZeZkv \ dZq_kl\_ kijZ\hq-gh]h fZl_jbZeZ êy k_fbgZjZ�ijZdlbdmfZ ih wlhc l_-fZlbd_� ijh\_^_ggh]h \ jZfdZo ^_kylh]h Dhg]j_kkZ� <

i_jbh^ k �� ]h^Z ih �� ]h^ :abZlkdbc b >Zevg_\h-klhqguc bgklblml \uimklbe ��_ b ��_ ba^Zgby k_jbb

Resource Material ��KijZ\hqgu_ fZl_jbZeu�� \ dhlh-juo im[ebdmxlky klZlvb ijb]eZr_gguo wdki_jlh\ b

kemrZl_e_c mq_[guo dmjkh\ b k_fbgZjh\ BgklblmlZ�

4. L_ogbq_kdh_ khljm^gbq_kl\h

23. :abZlkdbc b >Zevg_\hklhqguc bgklblml hj]Zgb-ah\Ze ke_^mxsb_ f_jhijbylby�

Z� Kh\f_klgu_ k_fbgZju� < ^_dZ[j_ �� ]h^Z

:abZlkdbc b >Zevg_\hklhqguc bgklblml ijh\_e kh\f_-klguc k_fbgZj k LZbeZg^hf gZ hkgh\gmx l_fm �MqZ-klb_ h[sbg b `_jl\ ij_klmie_gbc \ ijhp_kk_ hlijZ\-e_gby m]heh\gh]h ijZ\hkm^by�� < ^_dZ[j_ �� ]h^Z

Bgklblml ijh\_e kh\f_klguc k_fbgZj k G_iZehf gZ

hkgh\gmx l_fm �Wnn_dlb\gu_ dhgljf_ju ih [hjv[_ k

hj]Zgbah\Zgghc ij_klmighklvx \ ijhp_kkZo hlijZ\e_-gby m]heh\gh]h ijZ\hkm^by��

b) J_]bhgZevgu_ mq_[gu_ ijh]jZffu

i) LZbeZg^� :abZlkdbc b >Zevg_\hklhqguc bg�

klblml gZijZ\be g_kdhevdh ijhn_kkhjh\ \ LZb-eZg^ êy hdZaZgby ihfhsb hl^_e_gbx Dhfbl_lZ

E/CN.15/2001/8

8

ih dhgljhex gZ^ gZjdhlbdZfb \ hj]ZgbaZpbb

k_^vfuo b \hkvfuo j_]bhgZevguo mq_[guo dmj-kh\ ih \hijhkZf wnn_dlb\guo dhgljf_j ih [hjv-[_ k ij_klmie_gbyfb� k\yaZggufb k gZjdhlbdZfb�

b kh\_jr_gkl\h\Zgby kbkl_f hlijZ\e_gby m]h-eh\gh]h ijZ\hkm^by� dhlhju_ khklhyebkv \ yg\Zj_

1999 ]h^Z b yg\Zj_ �� ]h^Z�

ii) DhklZ�JbdZ� Bgklblml gZijZ\be g_kdhevdh

ijhn_kkhjh\ \ DhklZ�Jbdm êy mqZklby \ jZ[hl_

i_j\h]h b \lhjh]h j_]bhgZevguo k_fbgZjh\ ih

\hijhkZf wnn_dlb\guo f_j ih memqr_gbx mkeh-\bc kh^_j`Zgby \ lxjvfZo b kh\_jr_gkl\h\Zgby

bkijZ\bl_evguo ijh]jZff� dhlhju_ [ueb hj]Zgb-ah\Zgu b ijh\_^_gu ijZ\bl_evkl\hf DhklZ�Jbdb

ih ebgbb EZlbghZf_jbdZgkdh]h bgklblmlZ Hj]Z-gbaZpbb H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc ih ij_^mij_`^_-gbx ij_klmighklb b h[jZs_gbx k ijZ\hgZjmrb-l_eyfb \ Z\]mkl_ �� ]h^Z b bxe_ �� ]h^Z�

5. >jm]b_ f_jhijbylby

24. < �� ]h^m b �� ]h^m :abZlkdbc b >Zevg_\h-klhqguc bgklblml gZijZ\eye ijhn_kkhjh\ \ D_gbx êy

hdZaZgby ihfhsb ^_iZjlZf_glm ih ^_eZf g_kh\_jr_g-ghe_lgbo Fbgbkl_jkl\Z \gmlj_ggbo ^_e b gZpbhgZev-gh]h gZke_^by \ hkms_kl\e_gbb ijh_dlZ ih jZajZ[hld_

\ kljZg_ _^bguo klZg^Zjlh\ h[jZs_gby k g_kh\_jr_g-ghe_lgbfb ijZ\hgZjmrbl_eyfb�

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25. < hlq_lguc i_jbh^ EZlbghZf_jbdZgkdbc bgklb-lml khkj_^hlhqbe mkbeby gZ j_r_gbb \hijhkh\� k\y-aZgguo k hkms_kl\e_gb_f bkke_^h\Zgbc� hdZaZgb_f

l_ogbq_kdhc ihfhsb� ijh\_^_gb_f mq_[guo k_fbgZjh\

b ih^]hlh\dhc im[ebdZpbc gZ j_]bhgZevghf b gZpbh-gZevghf mjh\gyo� Khhl\_lkl\mxsb_ im[ebdZpbb [uebij_^klZ\e_gu gZ ^_kylhf Dhg]j_kk_�

1. Khljm^gbq_kl\h k P_gljhfih f_`^mgZjh^ghfm ij_^mij_`^_gbx

ij_klmighklb \ jZfdZo ^_kylh]h Dhg]j_kkZ

Hj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc

ih ij_^mij_`^_gbx ij_klmighklb b

h[jZs_gbx k ijZ\hgZjmrbl_eyfb

26. EZlbghZf_jbdZgkdbc bgklblml hkms_kl\eye kh-ljm^gbq_kl\h k P_gljhf ih f_`^mgZjh^ghfm ij_^m-ij_`^_gbx ij_klmighklb b ijZ\bl_evkl\hf DhklZ�

Jbdb \ hj]ZgbaZpbb� ijh\_^_gbb b l_ogbq_kdhf h[-

kem`b\Zgbb aZk_^Zgbc J_]bhgZevgh]h ih^]hlh\bl_ev-gh]h kh\_sZgby kljZg EZlbgkdhc :f_jbdb b DZjb[-kdh]h [Zkk_cgZ \ jZfdZo ih^]hlh\db d ^_kylhfm Dhg-]j_kkm� dhlhjh_ khklhyehkv ��±�� n_\jZey �� ]h^Z \

KZg�Ohk_�

2. HlijZ\e_gb_ ijZ\hkm^by \ hlghr_gbbg_kh\_jr_gghe_lgbo

27. EZlbghZf_jbdZgkdbc bgklblml ihklhyggh \uklm-iZe aZ ijh\_^_gb_ ijZ\h\h]h ZgZebaZ ^_ckl\mxs_]h

aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\Z \ dZ`^hc kljZg_ j_]bhgZ� dZkZxs_-]hky h[jZs_gby k g_kh\_jr_gghe_lgbfb ijZ\hgZjm-rbl_eyfb b _]h khhl\_lkl\by iheh`_gbyf Dhg\_gpbb

h ijZ\Zo j_[_gdZ b ^jm]bo khhl\_lkl\mxsbo ^hdmf_g-lh\� Bgklblml lZd`_ \ghkbe ij_êh`_gby h ijh\_^_-gbb khhl\_lkl\mxsbo j_nhjf \ kbkl_f_ hlijZ\e_gby

ijZ\hkm^by \ hlghr_gbb g_kh\_jr_gghe_lgbo \ oh^_

hkms_kl\e_gby jZaebqguo ijh_dlh\ \ j_]bhg_� \ lhfqbke_ gZ k_fbgZjZo b mq_[guo dmjkZo ih ke_^mxsbf

l_fZf�

a) Bkke_^h\Zgby b l_ogbq_kdZy ihfhsv� ;uebijh\_^_gu bkke_^h\Zgby ih lZdbf \hijhkZf� dZd m]h-eh\gh_ gZdZaZgb_ b Zevl_jgZlb\gh_ gZdZaZgb_ g_kh-\_jr_gghe_lgbo ijZ\hgZjmrbl_e_c \ DhklZ�Jbd_

(1999 ]h^�� lxj_fgh_ aZdexq_gb_ ^_l_c b ih^jhkldh\ km^_e_gb_f hkh[h]h \gbfZgby bo ijZ\h\hfm klZlmkm b

n_ghf_gm jhklZ qbke_gghklb wlh]h dhglbg]_glZ gZk_-e_gby \ kljZgZo P_gljZevghc :f_jbdb� :j]_glbg_�

F_dkbd_ b Wd\Z^hj_ �� ]h^�� bkke_^h\Zgb_ gug_r-g_]h iheh`_gby ^_l_c b ih^jhkldh\� `b\msbo k jh^b-l_eyfb� kh^_j`Zsbfbky \ lxjvfZo� \ Wd\Z^hj_

(1999 ]h^�� ijZ\h\Zy b khpbheh]bq_kdZy hp_gdZ khklhy-gby kbkl_f hlijZ\e_gby ijZ\hkm^by \ hlghr_gbb g_-kh\_jr_gghe_lgbo ijZ\hgZjmrbl_e_c b ZgZeba aZdh-gh^Zl_evkl\Z b _]h khhl\_lkl\by iheh`_gbyf Dhg\_g-pbb h ijZ\Zo j_[_gdZ \ :j]_glbg_� ;heb\bb� ;jZabebb�

<_g_kmwe_� Dhemf[bb� I_jm� Mjm]\Z_� Qbeb b Wd\Z^hj_

(2000 ]h^�� bkke_^h\Zgb_ b ZgZeba khklhygby gZpbh-gZevghc b f_klghc kbkl_fu hlijZ\e_gby ijZ\hkm^by \hlghr_gbb g_kh\_jr_gghe_lgbo ijZ\hgZjmrbl_e_c

\ ;mwghk�:cj_k_ �� ]h^�� bkke_^h\Zgb_ h[ m]heh\-ghc hl\_lkl\_gghklb g_kh\_jr_gghe_lgbo \ khhl\_lkl-\bb k gh\uf dh^_dkhf \ hlghr_gbb ^_l_c b ih^jhkl-dh\ \ ;heb\bb �� ]h^�� kjZ\gbl_evguc ZgZeba iheh-`_gbc aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\Z eZlbghZf_jbdZgkdbo kljZg \

hlghr_gbb ^hklhbgkl\� ]ZjZglbc ijbf_g_gby ijhp_k-kmZevguo ghjf b mklZgh\e_gby gZdZaZgbc� dZkZxsboky

m]heh\ghc hl\_lkl\_gghklb g_kh\_jr_gghe_lgbo

(2000 ]h^��

b) Kh\_sZgby b dhgkmevlZlb\gu_ mkem]b� <u-r_gZa\Zggu_ ijh_dlu \dexqZeb k\ur_ �� gZpbhgZev-

E/CN.15/2001/8

9

guo b j_]bhgZevguo k_fbgZjh\ b dhgkmevlZpbc ih \h-ijhkZf hlijZ\e_gby ijZ\hkm^by \ hlghr_gbb g_kh-\_jr_gghe_lgbo ijZ\hgZjmrbl_e_c b ijbf_g_gby

Dhg\_gpbb Hj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc h ijZ-\Zo j_[_gdZ� dhlhju_ [ueb ijh\_^_gu \ ;h]hl_ b F_-^_evbg_� Dhemf[by �� ]h^�� DhqZ[Zf[_� ;heb\by

(2000 ]h^�� ;mwghk�:cj_k_� :j]_glbgZ �� ]h^�� ;jZ-abebb� ;jZabeby �� ]h^�� DZjZdZk_ b F_jb^_� <_g_-kmweZ �� ]h^�� KZglZ�Djmk_� ;heb\by �� ]h^��

JZgdZ]mZ b KZglvy]h� Qbeb �� ]h^�� :j_dbi_� Ebf_�

Ivxj_ b Ljmobevh� I_jm �� ]h^�� < ;mwghk�:cj_k_� :j]_glbgZ �� ]h^� ijh\_^_gZ j_]bhgZev-gZy dhgn_j_gpby ih \hijhkZf hlijZ\e_gby ijZ\hkm-^by \ hlghr_gbb g_kh\_jr_gghe_lgbo ijZ\hgZjmrb-l_e_c \ kljZgZo X`gh]h dhgmkZ b :g^kdhc ]jmiiu� <

i_jbh^ ��±�� ]h^h\ [ueh gZqZlh ijh\_^_gb_

mq_[ghc ijh]jZffu ih \hijhkZf hlijZ\e_gby ijZ\h-km^by \ hlghr_gbb g_kh\_jr_gghe_lgbo ijZ\hgZjm-rbl_e_c� ij_^gZagZq_gghc êy khljm^gbdh\ ihebpbb

IZgZfu� b mq_[ghc ijh]jZffu ih l_hjbb b ^hdljbg_

hlijZ\e_gby ijZ\hkm^by \ hlghr_gbb g_kh\_jr_ggh-e_lgbo ijZ\hgZjmrbl_e_c� ij_^gZagZq_gghc êy km-^_c ;heb\bb�

3. I_gbl_gpbZjgu_ kbkl_fu b Zevl_jgZlb\u

lxj_fghfm aZdexq_gbx

28. EZlbghZf_jbdZgkdbc bgklblml ijh^he`Ze bamqZlv

ijh[e_fm i_j_iheg_gghklb lxj_f� \ qZklghklb� mkbeby

[ueb gZijZ\e_gu gZ khdjZs_gb_ qbke_gghklb aZdex-q_gguo \ lxjvfZo kljZg j_]bhgZ iml_f hdZaZgby ijZ\h-\hc ihfhsb� jZkrbj_gby iheghfhqbc km^vb ijb \ug_-k_gbb ijb]h\hjh\ b ijbf_g_gby Zevl_jgZlb\guo nhjf

gZdZaZgby \f_klh lxj_fgh]h aZdexq_gby� <Z`guf f_-jhijbylb_f \ jZkkfZljb\Z_fuc i_jbh^ [ueh lZd`_ kh-klZ\e_gb_ b ZgZeba [Zah\hc klZlbklbq_kdhc bgnhjfZ-pbb�Fh`gh \u^_eblv ke_^mxsb_ f_jhijbylby�

a) Bkke_^h\Zgby. Ijh\_^_gh bkke_^h\Zgb_ gZl_fm �Kbkl_fZ m]heh\gh]h ijZ\hkm^by b ijZ\Z q_eh\_-dZ� ijh[e_fZ i_j_iheg_gghklb lxj_f�� \ dhlhjhf bk-ihevah\Zebkv fZl_jbZeu� ij_^hklZ\e_ggu_ :j]_glb-ghc� ;_ebahf� =ZcZghc� =\Zl_fZehc� =hg^mjZkhf� >h-fbgbdhc� DhklZ�Jbdhc� Dm[hc� F_dkbdhc� GbdZjZ]mZ�IZgZfhc� KZev\Z^hjhf� K_gl�<bgk_gl b =j_gZ^bgZfb�

K_gl�Dblk b G_\bkhf� K_gl�Exkb_c� KmjbgZfhf� Ljb-gb^Z^hf b Lh[Z]h� Wd\Z^hjhf b YfZcdhc �� ]h^��

b) Mq_[gu_ f_jhijbylby� Hkms_kl\eyeZkv j_-]bhgZevgZy mq_[gZy ijh]jZffZ� ihk\ys_ggZy mkeh\byf

kh^_j`Zgby \ lxjvfZo� k \u^_e_gb_f hl^_evguo ijh-]jZff êy kljZg EZlbgkdhc :f_jbdb b DZjb[kdh]h

[Zkk_cgZ ��±�� ]hû�� dhlhjZy [ueZ hj]Zgbah\ZgZ

EZlbghZf_jbdZgkdbf bgklblmlhf \ l_kghf khljm^gb-

q_kl\_ k :abZlkdbf b >Zevg_\hklhqguf bgklblmlhf� <

i_j\hf mq_[ghf k_fbgZj_ �bxev �� ]h^� ijbgyeb

mqZklb_ �� ^he`ghklguo ebp ba F_dkbdb b kljZg P_g-ljZevghc :f_jbdb� <h \lhjhf k_fbgZj_ mqZkl\h\Zeb

�� ^he`ghklguo ebp ba :j]_glbgu� ;jZabebb� <_g_km-weu� F_dkbdb� IZgZfu� IZjZ]\Zy� Mjm]\Zy� Qbeb b Wd-\Z^hjZ �bxev �� ]h^��

4. =hkm^Zjkl\_ggZy aZsblZ

29. < j_amevlZl_ ijh]jZffu h[mq_gby b hdZaZgbyl_ogbq_kdhc ihfhsb ih \hijhkZf ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc

aZsblu� dhlhjZy hkms_kl\eyeZkv EZlbghZf_jbdZgkdbf

bgklblmlhf \ Wd\Z^hj_ �� ]h^�� \ kljZg_ hk\h[h`-^_gh k\ur_ �� aZdexq_gguo� Wlm ijh]jZffm gZf_-q_gh jZkijhkljZgblv gZ =hg^mjZk�

5. Ij_^mij_`^_gb_ b [hjv[Z k ij_klmighklvx

30. Ijh]jZffZ ij_^mij_`^_gby ij_klmighklb b

[hjv[u k g_x gZijZ\e_gZ gZ hdZaZgb_ kh^_ckl\by \

jZajZ[hld_ [he__ rbjhdbo kljZl_]bc ij_^mij_`^_gby

ij_klmighklb k ihabpbc h[_ki_q_gby [_ahiZkghklb]jZ`^Zg�

a) Bkke_^h\Zgby� < ^_dZ[j_ �� ]h^Z ijh\_^_-gh kjZ\gbl_evgh_ bkke_^h\Zgb_ ih l_f_ �Ij_klmighklv

b [_ahiZkghklv `bl_e_c�� dhlhjh_ ho\Zlu\Zeh � kljZg

EZlbgkdhc :f_jbdb� :j]_glbgm� ;_eba� =\Zl_fZem�=hg^mjZk� DhklZ�Jbdm� F_dkbdm� GbdZjZ]mZ b KZev\Z-^hj�

b) Kh\_sZgby. EZlbghZf_jbdZgkdbc bgklblml

ih ij_^mij_`^_gbx ij_klmighklb b h[jZs_gbx k ijZ-\hgZjmrbl_eyfb Hj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc

kh\f_klgh k F_`^mgZjh^guf p_gljhf ih j_nhjfZfm]heh\gh]h ijZ\Z b iheblbd_ \ h[eZklb m]heh\gh]h

ijZ\hkm^by ijh\_e j_]bhgZevguc k_fbgZj êy kljZg

wlh]h ihemrZjby ih ijh[e_fZf gZjdhlbdh\ b [_ahiZk-ghklb ]jZ`^Zg� dhlhjuc khklhyeky \ fZjl_ �� ]h^Z \

DhklZ�Jbd_ k mqZklb_f [he__ �� ijZ\bl_evkl\_gguo

wdki_jlh\ b ^he`ghklguo ebp� dhlhju_ h[km^beb ^Zg-guc \hijhk b gZf_lbeb jmdh\h^kl\h d ^_ckl\bx�

6. @_gsbgu \ kbkl_f_ m]heh\gh]h ijZ\hkm^by

31. EZlbghZf_jbdZgkdbc bgklblml ijh^he`Ze hkms_-kl\e_gb_ k\h_c ijh]jZffu� ihk\ys_gghc `_gsbgZf�

jZ\ghijZ\bx iheh\ b ijZ\hkm^bx� dhlhjZy gZijZ\e_gZ

gZ bkdhj_g_gb_ ex[uo nhjf ^bkdjbfbgZpbb \ hlgh-r_gbb `_gsbg \ kbkl_f_ hlijZ\e_gby m]heh\gh]hijZ\hkm^by� < qbkeh f_jhijbylbc� ijh\_^_gguo ih

ebgbb BgklblmlZ� \oh^yl ke_^mxsb_�

a) Bkke_^h\Zgby� Hp_gdZ khhlghr_gby qbk-e_gghklb fm`qbg b `_gsbg \ xjb^bq_kdbo mq_[guo

E/CN.15/2001/8

10

aZ\_^_gbyo b \dexq_gb_ ]_g^_jghc i_jki_dlb\u \

mq_[gmx ijh]jZffm xjb^bq_kdbo mq_[guo aZ\_^_-gbc� \ dhlhjhf mqZkl\h\Zeb =\Zl_fZeZ� =hg^mjZk�

DhklZ�JbdZ� GbdZjZ]mZ� IZgZfZ b KZev\Z^hj ��±

2000 ]hû�� hp_gdZ ijh]jZff ijZ\h\h]h \hkiblZgby \mq_[guo aZ\_^_gbyo b \ mq_[guo ih^jZa^_e_gbyo ih-\ur_gby xjb^bq_kdhc d\ZebnbdZpbb khljm^gbdh\

km^_[ghc kbkl_fu� Z lZd`_ \dexq_gb_ ]_g^_jghc i_j-ki_dlb\u \ ZgZeba km^_[ghc ijZdlbdb� \ dhlhjhf mqZ-kl\h\Zeb =\Zl_fZeZ� =hg^mjZk� DhklZ�JbdZ� GbdZjZ-]mZ� IZgZfZ b KZev\Z^hj ��±�� ]hû�� h[ke_^h-\Zgb_� dhlhjh_ [ueh ijh\_^_gh EZlbghZf_jbdZgkdbf

bgklblmlhf kh\f_klgh k F_`^mgZjh^guf p_gljhf ih

j_nhjf_ m]heh\gh]h ijZ\Z b iheblbd_ \ h[eZklb m]h-eh\gh]h ijZ\hkm^by� k p_evx h[ahjZ ijh]j_kkZ� ^hk-lb]gmlh]h \ ijbf_g_gbb Dhg\_gpbb ;_e_g�^m�IZjZ \

28 kljZgZo EZlbgkdhc :f_jbdb b DZjb[kdh]h [Zkk_c-gZ� H[ke_^h\Zgb_� ijh\_^_ggh_ Bgklblmlhf� ho\Zlu-\Zeh lZdb_ kljZgu� dZd ;jZabeby� =\Zl_fZeZ� =hg^m-jZk� DhklZ�JbdZ� F_dkbdZ� GbdZjZ]mZ� IZgZfZ� IZjZ-]\Zc� I_jm� KZev\Z^hj� Qbeb b Wd\Z^hj� Wlh h[ke_^h-\Zgb_ [ueh aZ\_jr_gh \ ghy[j_ �� ]h^Z� ijh\_^_gh_s_ h^gh h[ke_^h\Zgb_ ih hp_gd_ ijZ\ q_eh\_dZ

`_gsbg \ kljZgZo EZlbgkdhc :f_jbdb b DZjb[kdh]h

[Zkk_cgZ� Wlh h[ke_^h\Zgb_ ho\Zlu\Zeh �� kljZg b

klZeh qZklvx ZgZebaZ ijZ\ q_eh\_dZ `_gsbg \ j_]bh-g_� iha\heb\ jZajZ[hlZlv jmdh\h^ysb_ ijbgpbiu

mqZklby ij_^klZ\bl_e_c `_gkdh]h ^\b`_gby \ EZlbg-kdhc :f_jbd_ \h \k_fbjguo dhgn_j_gpbyo ih ijZ\Zf

q_eh\_dZ� gZjh^hgZk_e_gbx� khpbZevghfm jZa\blbx b

ijh[e_fZf `_gsbg� Wlb jmdh\h^ysb_ ijbgpbiu hdZ-aZeb agZqbl_evgh_ \ha^_ckl\b_ gZ ^_yl_evghklv jZ[h-qbo ]jmii ih \ujZ[hld_ NZdmevlZlb\gh]h ijhlhdheZ

d Dhg\_gpbb h ebd\b^Zpbb \k_o nhjf ^bkdjbfbgZpbb\ hlghr_gbb `_gsbg �j_ahexpby �� =_g_jZevghc

:kkZf[e_b� ijbeh`_gb_� b kihkh[kl\h\Zeb \dexq_-gbx ]_g^_jghc i_jki_dlb\u \ Jbfkdbc klZlml F_`-^mgZjh^gh]h m]heh\gh]h km^Z�

b) Mq_[gu_ f_jhijbylby b l_ogbq_kdZy ih-fhsv� EZlbghZf_jbdZgkdbc bgklblml ijh\_e beb [ue

mqZklgbdhf k\ur_ �� mq_[guo dmjkh\� k_fbgZjh\�

dhgn_j_gpbc b k_fbgZjh\�ijZdlbdmfh\� dhlhju_ kh-klhyebkv \ :\kljbb� :j]_glbg_� ;jZabebb� ;heb\bb�<_g_kmwe_� =Zblb� =\Zl_fZe_� =hg^mjZk_� =hgdhg]_�

>hfbgbdZgkdhc J_kim[ebd_� BlZebb� Dhemf[bb� Dhk-lZ�Jbd_� F_dkbd_� GbdZjZ]mZ� IZgZf_� IZjZ]\Z_� I_jm�

KZev\Z^hj_� Kh_^bg_gguo RlZlZo� Mjm]\Z_� Qbeb�

Rjb�EZgd_ b Wd\Z^hj_� Wlb f_jhijbylby [ueb ij_^-gZagZq_gu êy p_e_\uo ]jmii� \dexqZy aZdhgh^Zl_e_c�]hkm^Zjkl\_gguo ^he`ghklguo ebp� km^_c� ijhdmjh-jh\� Z^\hdZlh\� xjbklh\ b mq_guo� AZf_lguf f_jh-ijbylb_f klZeh ijh\_^_gb_ i_j\h]h eZlbghZf_jbdZg-

kdh]h kh\_sZgby km^_c�`_gsbg \_joh\guo km^h\� dh-lhjh_ khklhyehkv \ �� ]h^m \ DhklZ�Jbd_�

7. GZkbeb_ \ k_fv_

32. EZlbghZf_jbdZgkdbc bgklblml ijh^he`Ze hkms_-kl\e_gb_ k\h_c j_]bhgZevghc mq_[ghc ijh]jZffu ih

[hjv[_ k [ulh\uf gZkbeb_f \ p_eyo hdZaZgby ihfhsb

ijZ\bl_evkl\Zf kljZg j_]bhgZ \ \b^_ ijh\_^_gby jZat-ykgbl_evghc jZ[hlu b h[mq_gby khljm^gbdh\ ih lZdbf

\hijhkZf� dZd xklbpby� a^jZ\hhojZg_gb_ b h[jZah\Z-gb_� G_h[oh^bfh hkh[h hlf_lblv ke_^mxsb_ f_jh-ijbylby�

a) Bkke_^h\Zgby� Ijh\_^_gh bkke_^h\Zgb_ gZ

l_fm �KdjulZy klhjhgZ ijbgZê_`ghklb d fm`kdhfmihem� h[jZs_gb_ k ijZ\hgZjmrbl_eyfb� �DhklZ�JbdZ�

1999 ]h^�� ij_^gZagZq_ggh_ êy khljm^gbdhf i_gbl_g-pbZjghc kbkl_fu b f_^bpbgkdh]h i_jkhgZeZ� Z lZd`_

bkke_^h\Zgb_ gZ l_fm �Hp_gdZ j_amevlZlh\ ijh]jZffu

ih^]hlh\db khljm^gbdh\ ihebpbb� ijh\_^_gghc \ =\Z-l_fZe_� �=\Zl_fZeZ� �� ]h^��

b) Mq_[gu_ f_jhijbylby� Ijh\_^_gh ljb

mq_[guo dmjkZ ih l_f_ �GZkbeb_ \ k_fv_�� \ dhlhjuo

ijbgyeh mqZklb_ �� bgkljmdlhjh\ ihebp_ckdh]h mqb-ebsZ �=\Zl_fZeZ� �� ]h^�� Djhf_ lh]h� êy \ukhdh-ihklZ\e_gguo khljm^gbdh\ ihebpbb ba kljZg P_g-ljZevghc :f_jbdb hj]Zgbah\Zg j_]bhgZevguc nhjmf

gZ l_fm �;ulh\h_ gZkbeb_� ijZ\Z q_eh\_dZ b ihebp_c-kdZy ijZdlbdZ� �=\Zl_fZeZ� �� ]h^�� Z lZd`_ mq_[gZy

ijh]jZffZ ih l_f_ �H[mq_gb_ b ih^]hlh\dZ f_^bpbg-kdh]h i_jkhgZeZ� hdZaZgb_ ihfhsb `_jl\Zf b ihkljZ-^Z\rbf hl k_dkmZevgh]h gZ^jm]Zl_evkl\Z b bgp_klZ�

�DhklZ�JbdZ� �� ]h^��

8. F_`^mgZjh^gh_ m]heh\gh_ ijZ\h

33. EZlbghZf_jbdZgkdbc bgklblml ihkj_^kl\hf k\h-_c ijh]jZffu� ihk\ys_gghc `_gsbgZf� jZ\ghijZ\bxiheh\ b ijZ\hkm^bx� \g_k k\hc \deZ^ \ ^_[Zlu ih

kljmdlmj_ b iheghfhqbyf F_`^mgZjh^gh]h m]heh\gh-]h km^Z� mqZkl\my \ jZ[hl_ \k_o r_klb ih^]hlh\bl_ev-guo dhfbl_lh\ b Jbfkdhc ^biehfZlbq_kdhc dhgn_j_g-pbb �� ]h^Z� Bgklblml dhhj^bgbjh\Ze ^_yl_evghklv

Zdlb\bklh\ ba qbkeZ `_gsbg \ h[eZklb ]_g^_jghckijZ\_êb\hklb \ F_`^mgZjh^ghf m]heh\ghf km^_�

kihkh[kl\my \dexq_gbx ]_g^_jghc i_jki_dlb\u \ lZ-db_ \hijhku� dZd ij_klmie_gby ijhlb\ `_gsbg b KlZ-lml F_`^mgZjh^gh]h m]heh\gh]h km^Z� Djhf_ lh]h� wlZ

ijh]jZffZ dhhj^bgbjh\ZeZ \dexq_gb_ \ ijZ\beZ ijh-p_^mju b ij_^klZ\e_gby ^hdZaZl_evkl\ ijZ\ `_jl\�

bg\Zeb^h\�

34. Mq_[gu_ f_jhijbylby b l_ogbq_kdZy ihfhsv

\dexqZeb \ k_[y ijh\_^_gb_ mq_[guo k_fbgZjh\ b

E/CN.15/2001/8

11

ijZdlbdmfh\ ih \hijhkZf jZlbnbdZpbb b ijbf_g_gby

KlZlmlZ F_`^mgZjh^gh]h m]heh\gh]h km^Z \ =\Zl_fZ-e_� Dhemf[bb� DhklZ�Jbd_� KZev\Z^hj_ b Wd\Z^hj_�

Ij_îheZ]Z_lky� qlh \ �� ]h^m \ kljZgZo DZjb[kdh]h

[Zkk_cgZ b EZlbgkdhc :f_jbdb F_`^mgZjh^guf p_g-ljhf ih j_nhjf_ m]heh\gh]h ijZ\Z b iheblbd_ \ h[eZk-lb m]heh\gh]h ijZ\hkm^by b EZlbghZf_jbdZgkdbf bg-klblmlhf kh\f_klgh [m^ml hj]Zgbah\Zgu ^Zevg_crb_

f_jhijbylby ih h[mq_gbx b hdZaZgbx l_ogbq_kdhc

ihfhsb� >ey wlhc p_eb EZlbghZf_jbdZgkdbc bgklblml

i_j_\_e gZ bkiZgkdbc yaud ba^Zgb_ �F_`^mgZjh^gucm]heh\guc km^� jmdh\h^kl\h ih jZlbnbdZpbb b ijbf_-g_gbx Jbfkdh]h klZlmlZ�� ih^]hlh\e_ggh_ F_`^mgZ-jh^guf p_gljhf ih j_nhjf_ m]heh\gh]h ijZ\Z b iheb-lbd_ \ h[eZklb m]heh\gh]h ijZ\hkm^by b F_`^mgZjh^-guf p_gljhf ih ijZ\Zf q_eh\_dZ b jZa\blbx ^_fhdjZ-lbb�

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35. < hlq_lguc i_jbh^ ^_yl_evghklv ?\jhi_ckdh]h

bgklblmlZ ih ij_^mij_`^_gbx ij_klmighklb b [hjv[_

k g_x \dexqZeZ� \ qZklghklb� ke_^mxsb_ gZijZ\e_gby

^_yl_evghklb� DZd b \ ij_û^msbc hlq_lguc i_jbh^� \

1999–2000 ]hû ?\jhi_ckdbc bgklblml kljhbe k\hxjZ[hlm gZ [Za_ l_kgh]h khljm^gbq_kl\Z k ]hkm^Zjkl\Z-fb�qe_gZfb� gZpbhgZevgufb mq_[gufb b gZmqgh�

bkke_^h\Zl_evkdbfb bgklblmlZfb� \_^msbfb f_ìjZ-\bl_evkl\_ggufb b g_ijZ\bl_evkl\_ggufb hj]ZgbaZ-pbyfb b hl^_evgufb wdki_jlZfb� >_yl_evghklv ?\jh-i_ckdh]h bgklblmlZ gZ jm[_`_ lukyq_e_lby [ueZ hjb-_glbjh\ZgZ ]eZ\guf h[jZahf gZ ljb l_fZlbq_kdb_ gZ-ijZ\e_gby� hj]Zgbah\ZggZy ij_klmighklv� gZkbeb_ \

hlghr_gbb `_gsbg b ih^]hlh\dZ d ^_kylhfm Dhg]j_k-km Hj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc ih ij_^mij_`-^_gbx ij_klmighklb b h[jZs_gbx k ijZ\hgZjmrbl_-eyfb� ohly ijb wlhf aZljZ]b\Zebkv b ^jm]b_ l_fu�

36. ?\jhi_ckdbc bgklblml nbgZgkbjm_lky ijZ\bl_ev-kl\hf Nbgeyg^bb� < ih^^_j`dm ^_yl_evghklb Bgklb-lmlZ \ dZ`^hf nbgZgkh\hf ]h^m _fm ij_^hklZ\ey_lagZqbl_evguc \aghk ijZ\bl_evkl\h R\_pbb� Z gZ hkm-s_kl\e_gb_ hl^_evguo ijh_dlh\ hg bgh]^Z ihemqZ_l

kj_^kl\Z hl ^jm]bo ijZ\bl_evkl\�

37. Kj_^b gZb[he__ agZqbfuo f_jhijbylbc ?\jhi_c-kdh]h bgklblmlZ \ hlq_lguc i_jbh^ fh`gh hlf_lblv

ke_^mxsb_�

a) ?\jhi_ckdbc bgklblml ijbgbfZe Zdlb\gh_

mqZklb_ \ i_j_]h\hjZo ih jZajZ[hld_ Dhg\_gpbb Hj]Z-gbaZpbb H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc ijhlb\ ljZgkgZpbh-gZevghc hj]Zgbah\Zgghc ij_klmighklb b ijhlhdheh\ d

g_c� H^bg ba khljm^gbdh\ ?\jhi_ckdh]h bgklblmlZ[ue qe_ghf ^_e_]Zpbb Nbgeyg^bb gZ ijh\h^bfuo i_-j_]h\hjZo� Oh^ i_j_]h\hjh\ rbjhdh hk\_sZeky \ �Bg-nhjfZpbhgghf [xee_l_g_� ?\jhi_ckdh]h bgklblmlZ� b

ihke_ dZ`^hc k_kkbb Ki_pbZevgh]h dhfbl_lZ ih jZajZ-[hld_ dhg\_gpbb ijhlb\ ljZgkgZpbhgZevghc hj]Zgbah-\Zgghc ij_klmighklb hq_j_^gZy we_dljhggZy \_jkbyl_dklZ ijh_dlZ dhg\_gpbb j_]meyjgh ihf_sZeZkv gZ

:HE�kZcl_ ?\jhi_ckdh]h bgklblmlZ�

b) ?\jhi_ckdbc bgklblml kh\f_klgh k Fbgb-kl_jkl\hf xklbpbb Nbgeyg^bb hj]Zgbah\Ze ijh\_^_-gb_ k_fbgZjZ k mqZklb_f nbgkdbo b dblZckdbo wdki_j-lh\ ih l_f_ �Ij_^mij_`^_gb_ hj]Zgbah\Zgghc ij_-klmighklb�� dhlhjuc khklhyeky \ hdly[j_ �� ]h^Z \

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a) >ey F_`^mgZjh^gh]h p_gljZ �� ]h^ [ue]h^hf ijh\_^_gby h[ahjZ b hp_gdb� ;ueZ ml\_j`^_gZijh]jZffZ jZ[hlu gZ ke_^mxsbc iylbe_lgbc i_jbh^�Qlh dZkZ_lky jZ[hlu ih ebgbb Hj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^b-g_gguo GZpbc� lh F_`^mgZjh^guc p_glj gZf_j_g�gZkdhevdh wlh \hafh`gh� kh^_ckl\h\Zlv \ j_ZebaZpbbdhgdj_lguo Zki_dlh\ h[sbo ijbhjbl_lh\� \ qZklghklb\ h[eZklb [hjv[u k lhj]h\e_c ex^vfb b j_ZebaZpbbijhlhdheZ ihkj_^kl\hf ijh\_^_gby bkke_^h\Zgbc bhdZaZgby l_ogbq_kdhc ihfhsb� FZkrlZ[ b nhjfZ wlh-]h ijh_dlZ [m^ml aZ\bk_lv hl h[t_fZ ih^^_j`db� dhlh-jmx ij_^hklZ\bl ijZ\bl_evkl\h DZgZû�

b) < [he__ rbjhdhf dhgl_dkl_ j_ZebaZpbb ]eh-[Zevghc ijh]jZffu Hj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^bg_gguo GZ-pbc ih [hjv[_ k hlfu\Zgb_f ^_g_] b ih\_kldb ^gy jZ-[hlu :abZlkdh�Lbohhd_Zgkdhc ]jmiiu ih ijh[e_f_hlfu\Zgby ^_g_] F_`^mgZjh^guc p_glj hkms_kl\ey_lijh_dl ih l_f_ �Hlfu\Zgb_ ^_g_] \ :abZlkdh�Lbohhd_Zgkdhf j_]bhg_�� AZ\_jr_g i_j\uc wlZi wlhcjZ[hlu� \ oh^_ dhlhjh]h [ueh ih^]hlh\e_gh iylv ZgZ-eblbq_kdbo bkke_^h\Zgbc� \dexq_gguo \ ^hdeZ^ JZ[h-q_c ]jmiiu ih ijZ\h\uf \hijhkZf :abZlkdh�Lboh-hd_Zgkdhc ]jmiiu ih ijh[e_f_ hlfu\Zgby ^_g_]� <gZqZe_ e_lZ �� ]h^Z êy xjbklh\ b jZ[hlgbdh\ ijh-dmjZlmju kljZg :abZlkdh�Lbohhd_Zgkdh]h j_]bhgZieZgbjm_lky ijh\_klb j_]bhgZevguc k_fbgZj�ijZd-lbdmf ih hdZaZgbx \aZbfghc ijZ\h\hc ihfhsb� <ieZgbjh\Zgbb wlh]h f_jhijbylby F_`^mgZjh^gucp_glj khljm^gbqZ_l k :abZlkdh�Lbohhd_Zgkdhc ]jmi-ihc ih ijh[e_f_ hlfu\Zgby ^_g_] b F_`^mgZjh^ghcZkkhpbZpb_c ijhdmjhjh\� Ih^^_j`dm wlhfm ijh_dlmhdZau\Z_l =hkm^Zjkl\_gguc k_dj_lZjv Kh_^bg_gguoRlZlh\ b ijZ\bl_evkl\h DZgZû�

k� F_`^mgZjh^guc p_glj� \ khljm^gbq_kl\_ kF_`^mgZjh^ghc ZkkhpbZpb_c ijhdmjhjh\ b ijb nb-gZgkh\hc ihfhsb kh klhjhgu F_`^mgZjh^gh]h h[s_-kl\Z aZ j_nhjfm m]heh\gh]h ijZ\Z� jZajZ[hlZe ijh_dlih^ gZa\Zgb_f �AZsblZ ^_l_c ± lbih\u_ jmdh\h^ysb_ijbgpbiu êy km^_[gh]h ij_ke_^h\Zgby ebp� kh\_j-rb\rbo ij_klmie_gby ijhlb\ ^_l_c�� Wlhl ijh_dl k\y-aZg k ih^]hlh\dhc i_j_kfhlj_ggh]h ijh_dlZ lbih\uojmdh\h^ysbo ijbgpbih\ êy wnn_dlb\gh]h ij_ke_^h-\Zgby ebp� kh\_jrb\rbo ij_klmie_gby ijhlb\ ^_l_c�dhlhjuc [ue ij_^klZ\e_g gZ kh\_sZgbb F_`^mgZjh^-ghc ZkkhpbZpbb ijhdmjhjh\� khklhy\r_fky \ k_gly[j_1999 ]h^Z \ I_dbg_� Djhf_ lh]h� F_`^mgZjh^gucp_glj hdZau\Ze ihfhsv F_`^mgZjh^ghc ZkkhpbZpbbijhdmjhjh\ \ jZajZ[hld_ ieZgZ jZkijhkljZg_gby wlbojmdh\h^ysbo ijbgpbih\ b hj]ZgbaZpbb h[mq_gby ihgbf� >h jZajZ[hldb wlbo jmdh\h^ysbo ijbgpbih\F_`^mgZjh^guc p_glj ohl_e [u jZkrbjblv djm] k\hbo

E/CN.15/2001/8

15

iZjlg_jh\ k ijb\e_q_gb_f d ijh\_^_gbx bkke_^h\Zgbcb ZgZebaZ ^jm]bo bgklblmlh\ k_lb Ijh]jZffu� P_gljklj_fblky d khljm^gbq_kl\m k ^jm]bfb bgklblmlZfbk_lb Ijh]jZffu� dhlhjuf fh`_l [ulv ij_^hklZ\e_gZh]jZgbq_ggZy nbgZgkh\Zy ihfhsv êy bo mqZklby \wlhf ijh_dl_� Ijh_dl nbgZgkbjm_lky ba jZaebqguobklhqgbdh\�

d) Ijh^he`Z_lky hkms_kl\e_gb_ fgh]h^bkpb-iebgZjgh]h ijh_dlZ ih^ gZa\Zgb_f �JZkke_^h\Zgb_Zdlh\ gZkbeby gZ^ ^_lvfb \ LZbeZg^_ b hdZaZgb_ bfihfhsb�� dhlhjuc gZf_q_gh aZ\_jrblv \ �� ]h^m�Wlhl ijh_dl k\yaZg k jZajZ[hldhc \ km^_[ghc kbkl_f_LZbeZg^Z f_lh^h\ ij_^hklZ\e_gby ihfhsb b aZsblu^_lyf� hdZaZ\rbfky `_jl\Zfb beb k\b^_l_eyfb ij_-klmie_gbc� Mki_rgh_ aZ\_jr_gb_ wlh]h ijh_dlZ ih-a\hebl� dZd h`b^Z_lky� kha^Zlv wnn_dlb\gmx fh^_ev�dhlhjmx ij_îheZ]Z_lky jZkijhkljZgblv ih \k_fmLZbeZg^m b� \hafh`gh� \ ^jm]bo kljZgZo :abb�

e) < khljm^gbq_kl\_ k EZlbghZf_jbdZgkdbfbgklblmlhf� F_`Zf_jbdZgkdhc dhfbkkb_c `_gsbg bHj]ZgbaZpb_c Zf_jbdZgkdbo ]hkm^Zjkl\ �H:=�� F_`-^mgZjh^guc p_glj ijh\_e h[ahj ijh]j_kkZ� ^hklb]gm-lh]h \ hkms_kl\e_gbb iheh`_gbc Dhg\_gpbb ;_e_g�^m�IZjZ \ hl^_evguo kljZgZo aZ iylv e_l ihke_ __ ijb-gylby =_g_jZevghc :kkZf[e__c H:=� < wlhf h[ahj_^ZgZ hp_gdZ ij_îjbgbfZ_fuo mkbebc ih ml\_j`^_-gbx b aZsbl_ ijZ\ q_eh\_dZ `_gsbg b g_^hims_gbxgZkbeby gZ^ `_gsbgZfb� dhlhjh_ d\Zebnbpbjm_lkydZd gZjmr_gb_ ijZ\ q_eh\_dZ� < h[ahj_ hljZ`_gu dhg-dj_lgu_ iheh`_gby Dhg\_gpbb ;_e_g�^m�IZjZ� Z lZd`_lbih\u_ kljZl_]bb \ h[eZklb ij_^mij_`^_gby ij_-klmighklb b m]heh\gh]h ijZ\hkm^by� dhlhju_ [uebijbgylu =_g_jZevghc :kkZf[e__c Hj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_-^bg_gguo GZpbc \ p_eyo bkdhj_g_gby gZkbeby \ hlgh-r_gbb `_gsbg� Wlh h[ke_^h\Zgb_� dhlhjh_ ho\Zlu\Z_l28 kljZg� [ueh aZ\_jr_gh e_lhf �� ]h^Z� b _]h j_-amevlZlu [ueb ij_^klZ\e_gu F_`Zf_jbdZgkdhc dh-fbkkbb `_gsbg \ ghy[j_ �� ]h^Z�

f) F_`^mgZjh^guc p_glj hdZau\Ze ihfhsvDZgZ^kdhfm bgklblmlm ih \hijhkZf hlijZ\e_gby ijZ-\hkm^by \ ieZgbjh\Zgbb _]h _`_]h^ghc dhgn_j_gpbbgZ l_fm �GZmdZ� bklbgZ b ijZ\hkm^b_�� dhlhjZy khklhy-eZkv \ hdly[j_ �� ]h^Z \ <bdlhjbb� DZgZ^Z� H^ghaZk_^Zgf_ [ueh p_ebdhf ihk\ys_gh jZkkfhlj_gbx\hijhkh\ m]heh\gh]h ijZ\Z� k\yaZgguo k bkihevah\Z-gb_f Bgl_jg_l� =hlh\blky ij_êh`_gb_ h khklZ\e_gbbijh]jZffu jZ[hlu ih bamq_gbx \ha^_ckl\by f_`^m-gZjh^ghc ij_klmighc ^_yl_evghklb k bkihevah\Zgb_fBgl_jg_l b dhfivxl_jguo l_ogheh]bc gZ f_klgu_ bgZpbhgZevgu_ kbkl_fu�

g) < jZfdZo ijh_dlZ khljm^gbq_kl\Z f_`^mDblZ_f b DZgZ^hc F_`^mgZjh^guc p_glj hdZau\Z_ll_ogbq_kdmx ihfhsv DblZx \ j_nhjfbjh\Zgbb m]h-eh\gh]h km^hijhba\h^kl\Z� \g_^j_gbb klZg^Zjlh\ Hj-]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc \ h[eZklb m]heh\gh]hijZ\Z b ijZ\hkm^by� Z lZd`_ \ hkms_kl\e_gbb iheh`_-gbc F_`^mgZjh^gh]h iZdlZ h ]jZ`^Zgkdbo b iheblb-q_kdbo ijZ\Zo b F_`^mgZjh^gh]h iZdlZ h[ wdhghfbq_-kdbo� khpbZevguo b dmevlmjguo ijZ\Zo >j_ahexpby�� $ �;;,� =_g_jZevghc :kkZf[e_b� ijbeh`_gb_@�P_glj lZd`_ hkms_kl\ey_l k DblZ_f l_dmsbc ijh_dl \h[eZklb bkijZ\bl_evguo mqj_`^_gbc� NbgZgkh\Zyih^^_j`dZ ij_^hklZ\ey_lky DZgZ^kdbf Z]_glkl\hf ihf_`^mgZjh^ghfm jZa\blbx b Nhg^hf Nhj^Z�

h) < h[eZklb f_`^mgZjh^gh]h m]heh\gh]h ijZ-\Z F_`^mgZjh^guc p_glj ijh^he`Z_l ijbeZ]Zlv mkb-eby \ ih^^_j`dm mqj_`^_gby ihklhyggh]h F_`^mgZ-jh^gh]h m]heh\gh]h km^Z� < �� b �� ]h^Zo F_`^m-gZjh^guc p_glj \uimklbe ba^Zgb_ �F_`^mgZjh^gucm]heh\guc km^� jmdh\h^kl\h ih jZlbnbdZpbb b ijbf_-g_gbx Jbfkdh]h klZlmlZ�� dhlhjh_ l_i_jv bf__lky gZZg]ebckdhf� bkiZgkdhf b njZgpmakdhf yaudZo� <2001 ]h^m ijb kh^_ckl\bb DZgZ^kdh]h Z]_glkl\Z ihf_`^mgZjh^ghfm jZa\blbx� Fbgbkl_jkl\Z xklbpbb bFbgbkl_jkl\Z bghkljZgguo ^_e DZgZû F_`^mgZjh^-guc p_glj ijh\h^bl k_jbx ba iylb j_]bhgZevguomq_[guo k_fbgZjh\ êy hdZaZgby ihfhsb kljZgZf \jZajZ[hld_ aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\Z b Z^fbgbkljZlb\guoijhp_^mj� gZijZ\e_gguo gZ h[_ki_q_gb_ ^_yl_evghklbF_`^mgZjh^gh]h m]heh\gh]h km^Z ihke_ _]h kha^Zgby�LZdb_ j_]bhgZevgu_ mq_[gu_ k_fbgZju m`_ ijh\_^_gugZ Hkljh\Zo DmdZ b \ DZf_jmg_�

i) GZdhg_p� F_`^mgZjh^guc p_glj� \uihegyyk\hx l_dmsmx jZ[hlm� k\yaZggmx k bkijZ\bl_evgufbmqj_`^_gbyfb� kihkh[kl\m_l \g_^j_gbx klZg^Zjlh\ bijbgpbih\ kh[ex^_gby ijZ\ q_eh\_dZ� Z lZd`_ ^jm]boklZg^Zjlh\ b ghjf Hj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc\ h[eZklb ij_^mij_`^_gby ij_klmighklb b m]heh\gh]hijZ\hkm^by� \ lhf qlh dZkZ_lky mkeh\bc kh^_j`Zgby \bkijZ\bl_evguo mqj_`^_gbyo b h[jZs_gby k ijZ\hgZ-jmrbl_eyfb� Ijh^he`Zxlky g_aZ\_jr_ggu_ beb jZa-jZ[Zlu\Zxlky gh\u_ ijh_dlu \ DblZ_� Z lZd`_ \ kljZ-gZo :njbdb b EZlbgkdhc :f_jbdb�

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E/CN.15/2001/8

16

a) Ijh\_^_gZ f_`^mgZjh^gZy dhgn_j_gpby gZl_fm � MqZklb_ h[s_kl\_gghklb \ m]heh\ghf km^hijh-ba\h^kl\_ \ ;;, \_d_�� dhlhjZy khklhyeZkv \ fZ_1999 ]h^Z \ KbjZdmaZo� BlZeby� b gZ dhlhjhc ijbkmlkl-\h\Zeb �� ij_^klZ\bl_ey b \uklmibeb �� mqZklgbdh\ ba22 kljZg�

b) Ijh\_^_g hagZdhfbl_evguc k_fbgZj ih kh-\_jr_gkl\h\Zgbx f_lh^h\ jZkke_^h\Zgby ^_e ijhlb\hj]Zgbah\Zgghc ij_klmighklb� \ dhlhjhf ijbgyeb mqZ-klb_ �� ]hkm^Zjkl\_gguo ijhdmjhjh\ b khljm^gbdh\ijZ\hhojZgbl_evguo hj]Zgh\ ba :e[Zgbb� [u\r_cx]hkeZ\kdhc J_kim[ebdb FZd_^hgbb� Ihevrb b Jhk-kbckdhc N_^_jZpbb� Wlhl k_fbgZj� hj]Zgbah\Zgguc \khljm^gbq_kl\_ k Kh\_lhf ?\jhiu� ?\jhi_ckdhc dh-fbkkb_c b Fbgbkl_jkl\hf xklbpbb BlZebb� khklhyeky\ bxg_ �� ]h^Z \ KbjZdmaZo� BlZeby�

k� < bxg_ ��9 ]h^Z êy �� ijhdmjhjh\ ba?]bilZ [ue ijh\_^_g lj_lbc mq_[guc k_fbgZj ih \h-ijhkZf f_`^mgZjh^gh]h khljm^gbq_kl\Z \ h[eZklbm]heh\gh]h ijZ\hkm^by� dhlhjuc khklhyeky \ KbjZdm-aZo� BlZeby� K_fbgZj [ue hj]Zgbah\Zg ijb ih^^_j`d_Fbgbkl_jkl\Z bghkljZgguo ^_e BlZebb b \ khljm^gb-q_kl\_ k Fbgbkl_jkl\hf xklbpbb ?]bilZ�

d) < bxg_ �� ]h^Z \ KbjZdmaZo� BlZeby� kh-klhyehkv g_hnbpbZevgh_ kh\_sZgb_ Ih^]hlh\bl_evghcdhfbkkbb ih mqj_`^_gbx F_`^mgZjh^gh]h m]heh\gh-]h km^Z� ihk\ys_ggh_ \hijhkZf jZajZ[hldb ijZ\beijhp_^mju b ij_^klZ\e_gby ^hdZaZl_evkl\� < wlhf kh-\_sZgbb ijbgyeb mqZklb_ �� wdki_jlh\ ba �� kljZgu�

e) < jZfdZo k_kkbb Ih^]hlh\bl_evghc dhfbk-kbb ih mqj_`^_gbx F_`^mgZjh^gh]h m]heh\gh]h km^Z�khklhy\r_cky \ bxe_±Z\]mkl_ �� ]h^Z� F_`^mgZjh^-guc bgklblml hj]Zgbah\Ze êy hnbpbZevguo ^_e_]Zpbc^\Z [jbnbg]Z ih \hijhkZf jZlbnbdZpbb b gZpbhgZev-ghfm ijbf_g_gbx KlZlmlZ F_`^mgZjh^gh]h m]heh\gh-]h km^Z� GZ [jbnbg]Zo� dhlhju_ [ueb ijh\_^_gu31 bxey b � Z\]mklZ �� ]h^Z� \ Gvx�Chjd_� mqZkl\h-\Zeb �� ij_^klZ\bl_e_c b \uklmibeb �� mqZklgbdZ ba40 kljZg�

f) < k_gly[j_ �� ]h^Z [ue ijh\_^_g lj_lbcF_`^mgZjh^guc dheehd\bmf fhehûo xjbklh\ ih\hijhkZf f_`^mgZjh^gh]h m]heh\gh]h ijZ\Z \ ;;, \_-d_� dhlhjuc khklhyeky \ KbjZdmaZo� BlZeby� b \ dhlh-jhf mqZkl\h\Zeb �� kemrZl_e_c b �� ij_ih^Z\Zl_e_cba �� mgb\_jkbl_lh\�

g) Ijh\_^_g i_j\uc mq_[guc k_fbgZj êy^he`ghklguo ebp kbkl_fu ijZ\hkm^by :e[Zgbb� dhlh-juc khklhyeky \ ghy[j_±^_dZ[j_ �� ]h^Z \ KbjZdm-aZo� BlZeby� Ih bgbpbZlb\_ ij_^k_^Zl_ey Kh\_lZ fb-gbkljh\ BlZebb F_`^mgZjh^ghfm p_gljm [ueh ij_^-

eh`_gh hj]Zgbah\Zlv� \ khljm^gbq_kl\_ k Kh\_lhf ?\-jhiu �?\jhi_ckdbf ihebp_ckdbf mijZ\e_gb_f� b?\jhi_ckdbf hl^_e_gb_f Bgl_jiheZ �?\jihe�� fZk-rlZ[gmx ijh]jZffm l_ogbq_kdhc ihfhsb \ ih^^_j`-dm kbkl_fu m]heh\gh]h ijZ\hkm^by :e[Zgbb� < i_j\hfmq_[ghf k_fbgZj_ ijbgyeb mqZklb_ �� kemrZl_ey b13 ij_ih^Z\Zl_e_c�

h) < yg\Zj_±n_\jZe_ �� ]h^Z \ KbjZdmaZo�BlZeby� [ueh ijh\_^_gh g_hnbpbZevgh_ kh\_sZgb_Ih^]hlh\bl_evghc dhfbkkbb ih mqj_`^_gbx F_`^m-gZjh^gh]h m]heh\gh]h km^Z� ihk\ys_ggh_ jZkkfhlj_-gbx we_f_glh\ ij_klmighklb� < wlhf kh\_sZgbb� dh-lhjh_ [ueh hj]Zgbah\Zgh \ khljm^gbq_kl\_ k Fbgb-kl_jkl\hf bghkljZgguo ^_e BlZebb� mqZkl\h\Zeb114 wdki_jlh\ ba �� kljZg�

i) < yg\Zj_±n_\jZe_ b \ fZjl_ �� ]h^Z \ Kb-jZdmaZo� BlZeby� ijh\_^_gu \lhjhc b lj_lbc mq_[gu_k_fbgZju êy ^he`ghklguo ebp kbkl_fu ijZ\hkm^by:e[Zgbb� <h \lhjhf k_fbgZj_ ijbgyeb mqZklb_29 kemrZl_e_c b �� ij_ih^Z\Zl_e_c� Z gZ lj_lv_f ±

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j) Ijh\_^_g k_fbgZj ih ijh[e_f_ l_jjhjbafZb ijbf_g_gbx :jZ[kdhc dhg\_gpbb ih [hjv[_ k l_jjh-jbafhf� dhlhjuc khklhyeky \ bxg_ �� ]h^Z \ KbjZ-dmaZo� BlZeby� b \ dhlhjhf mqZkl\h\Zeb �� ij_^klZ\b-l_e_c b \uklmibeb � mqZklgbdh\ ba �� kljZg�

k) < bxg_ �� ]h^Z \ KbjZdmaZo� BlZeby� êy]jmiiu ijhdmjhjh\ ba ?]bilZ \ khklZ\_ �� q_eh\_dZ[ue ijh\_^_g q_l\_jluc mq_[guc k_fbgZj ih f_`^m-gZjh^ghfm khljm^gbq_kl\m \ \hijhkZo m]heh\gh]h ijZ-\hkm^by� K_fbgZj [ue hj]Zgbah\Zg ijb ih^^_j`d_Fbgbkl_jkl\Z xklbpbb b Fbgbkl_jkl\Z bghkljZgguo^_e BlZebb b \ khljm^gbq_kl\_ k ]_g_jZevghc ijhdmjZ-lmjhc ?]bilZ�

l) F_`^mgZjh^guc bgklblml ijbgbfZe mqZ-klb_ \ jZ[hl_ lj_lv_]h k_fbgZjZ�ijZdlbdmfZ ih l_f_©Kh\f_klguc _\jhi_ckdbc ijh_dl ih [hjv[_ k hj]Zgb-ah\Zgghc ij_klmighklvx ± ijh]jZffZ �)DOFRQH�ª� dh-lhjuc khklhyeky ��±�� bxgy �� ]h^Z \ FZ^jb^_�

m) Ijh\_^_gh ih^]hlh\bl_evgh_ kh\_sZgb_ij_^k_^Zl_e_c b ]eZ\guo ^hdeZ^qbdh\ dhfbl_lh\ \jZfdZo ih^]hlh\db ;9,, F_`^mgZjh^gh]h dhg]j_kkZih m]heh\ghfm ijZ\m �I_dbg� �� ]h^�� dhlhjh_ kh-klhyehkv � ^_dZ[jy �� ]h^Z \ KbjZdmaZo� BlZeby� b[ueh hj]Zgbah\Zgh \ khljm^gbq_kl\_ k F_`^mgZjh^-ghc ZkkhpbZpb_c m]heh\gh]h ijZ\Z�

h) < khljm^gbq_kl\_ k DhfbkkZjhf ih ijZ\Zfq_eh\_dZ Kh\_lZ ?\jhiu F_`^mgZjh^guc bgklblmlhj]Zgbah\Ze ijh\_^_gb_ f_`^mgZjh^gh]h k_fbgZjZ h

E/CN.15/2001/8

17

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18

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d) Im[ebdZpbb� < �� b �� ]h^Zo [ueh \u-ims_gh fgh`_kl\h im[ebdZpbc� jy^ ba dhlhjuo ijb\h-^blky gb`_� >hihegbl_evgmx bgnhjfZpbx fh`gh ih-emqblv gZ:HE�kZcl_ ih Z^j_km �htpp://www.rwi.lu.se):

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(1999); Report No. 30: Second Informal ASEMSeminar on Human Rights, Beijing, 27-29 June1999 (1999); Report No. 31: Health Gaps and Mi-gratory Movements �� b 5HSRUW 1R� 32: Hu-man Rights Training Materials, a BibliographicalOverview of Existing Human Rights Teaching andTraining Materials (2000).

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bf� JZmey <Zee_g[_j]Z� 9ROXPH ,� Concluding Ob-servations of the UN Committee on the Rights of theChild: Third to Seventeenth Sessions (1993-1998),Martinus Nijhoff, 2000, ISBN 90-411-1307-X; vol-ume II: Conclusions and Recommendations of theUN Committee against Torture: Eleventh to Twenty-second Sessions (1993-1999), Martinus Nijhoff,2000, ISBN 90-411-1379-7.

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