united nations/african union civilian police course land navigation by warrant officer one fredrick...
TRANSCRIPT
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UNITED NATIONS/AFRICAN UNION
CIVILIAN POLICE COURSE
LAND NAVIGATIONBY
WARRANT OFFICER ONEFREDRICK MAINA
5TH JUNE 2013
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INTRODUCTION Map Reading is a life skill. Improper use
of map or lack of knowledge of map reading can result in casualties in a combat area.
Working in unfamiliar environments like in UN and AU missions calls upon the participants to have some basic map reading skills.
How would the Knowledge got in map reading assist you in your mission?
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Locate own position Locate positions of other mission
colleagues Judge distance Judge speed Tell direction Move from one point to another easily. The following are examples of conditions
that you may find yourself in during your mission;
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OBJECTIVE At the end of the lesson, the participants
should be able to set maps, use Grid Reference in giving locations and explain the land navigation procedure correctly.
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SCOPE
IntroductionBasic definitionsMarginal Information on a mapPoints of a compassGrid System and Grid Reference Map settingConclusion Q & A
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DEFINITIONS
Map Is a graphic representation of a piece of
ground drawn to scale.
Navigation Is defined as a method of maintaining
direction both during the day and night.
Scale Is defined as the ratio of the distance on
a map to the actual distance on the ground.
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Map Title Map Scale Key to the Map Index to adjoining sheets
Marginal Information
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POINTS OF A COMPASS
A compass has four main points, called cardinal points.
These are North, South, East and West.
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The points half way between the cardinal points are called intercardinal points.
The intercardinal points are NE, SE, SW and NW
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There are eight more points on the compass. They lie half way between the cardinal points and the intercardinal.
They are called secondary intercardinal points.
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NORTH POINTS
True North
– Is the direction of the North Pole from the observer.
Grid North
– Is the direction in which the perpendicular grid lines point towards the top of the map.
Magnetic North
– Is the direction in which the needle of a compass points.
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INSTRUMENTS OF NAVIGATION
Instruments of Navigation include; Compasses Global Positioning System Maps
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GRID SYSTEM Is a network of parallel lines drawn on
maps, so that they intersect at right angles.
65
67
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67
68
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66
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40 41 42 4543 44
40 41 42 4543 44
EASTINGS
NORTHINGS
Four-Figure Grid
Reference4368
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GRID REFERENCE
Is defined as a method of locating a position on a gridded map
In locating a feature using the grid reference, Easting is given first followed by the Northing.
There are a number of grid references e.g. four-figure, six-figure etc
The following figures indicate a four and six-figure grid references respectively.
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A B
C
D E
1181
10 11 12 13 14
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11
12
12
11
81 81
82 82
A
B
C
D
E
F
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
12
89
76543
12
89
76543
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GIVING A GRID REFERENCE
REMEMBER TO FIRST MUST GIVE THE EASTINGSFOLLOWED BY THE NORTHINGS
332613
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USE OF ROAMERS IN GIVING GRID REFERENCES
A roamer scale is a simple device used for accurately measuring the position of a point within a grid square instead of estimating the tenths.
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78 78
77 77
19
19 20
20
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QUIZ
WHAT IS THE SIX-FIGURE GRID REFERENCE OF THE AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT EXPERIMENTAL STATION?
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ANSWER
751381
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QUIZ
WHAT IS THE FEATURE FOUND AT GRID REFERENCE 668366 TO THE NORTH-EAST OF KITENKELA SWAMP?
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ANSWER
WATER HOLE
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COMPASS
A compass is a simple precision instrument that is used for finding direction, location and navigation.
There are many compasses available in the market but most fall into one of two categories, the 'Prismatic' type and the plain 'Silva' type.
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MAP SETTING This is placing the map on the ground
positionally, so that it can correspond to the area it represents.
A COMPASS CAN BE USED TO FIND THE MAGNETIC NORTH
WHILE SETTING THE MAP
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ACTUAL NAVIGATION To be conversant with navigation,
one has to have adequate knowledge in;
Use of maps Use of compasses/protractors Global Positioning System Taking/measuring/conversion of
bearing Measuring/judging distance
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ACTUAL NAVIGATION CONTINUED
Before you leave your current location to the next;
Identify the GR of your current position
Take the GR of your next destinationEstimate the distance between the
two Grid References
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ACTUAL NAVIGATION CONTINUED
Appreciate the ground between the two Grid References
Then match off to your destination using the compass or the GPS.
Repeat the above steps to proceed to subsequent waypoints
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CONCLUSION If you feel that you are lost during
navigation; Don’t panic!! Stop, note the time and confirm if you
are really lost. If you are lost, retrace your steps by
heading towards a known feature. On arriving at a known feature re-plot
your route and start fresh navigation.
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ANY QUESTIONS