StateStateU N I T E D S T A T E S D E P A R T M E N T O F S T A T E

February 1998

M a g a z i n e

“We have to spend smarter and train better.”

BBuuiillddiinngg aa NNeeww FFuuttuurree iinn VViieettnnaamm

Also in this Issue:

— Undersecretary for Management Bonnie Cohenat Town Hall Meeting, Jan. 14, 1998

Coming in March:

ATHENS

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Magazine

Carl GoodmanEDITOR-IN-CHIEF

Donna MilesDEPUTY EDITOR

Kathleen GoldyniaDESIGNER

ADVISORY BOARD MEMBERS

Kenneth HunterCHAIRMAN

Sylvia BazalaEXECUTIVE SECRETARY

Kaye BoeselCatherine Brown

Colleen HopeLarry MandelJeffrey MeerGary Pergl

StateContents

D e p a r t m e n t o f S t a t e • U n i t e d S t a t e s o f A m e r i c a

StateMagazine

February 1998No. 411

C O L U M N S

2 From the Secretary

4 Direct From the D.G.

15 Safety Scene

34 State of the Arts

36 Ask Dr. Dumont

40 Accent on Outreach

48 Library Report

D E P A R T M E N T S

3 Letters to the Editor

5 Appointments

8 In the News

37 Obituaries

41 Personnel Actions

44 Education & Training

On the CoverUndersecretary for

Management BonnieCohen hosts her firsttown hall meeting.

Photo by Shawn Moore

StateStateU N I T E D S T A T E S D E P A R T M E N T O F S T A T E

February 1998

Magazine

“We have to spend smarter and train better.”

Building a New Future in Vietnam

Also in this Issue:

— Undersecretary for Management Bonnie CohenAt Town Hall Meeting, January 14, 1998

8 Officials Describe Modernization Efforts at StatePlans emphasize growth, training and technologicalimprovements.

10 Russians Visit NFATCFormer Ambassador Anatoly Dobrynin paid a call on FSI.

11 Mister MayorForeign Service experience gave a retiree the skills he needsto run a city.

12 Inside USIA’s Information BureauTeamwork helped the bureau downsize while preparing forthe future.

16 Celebrating Blacks in Foreign AffairsDuring Black History Month, the Department reflects on the contributions of its African-American employees.

18 Bureau of the Month:Economic and Business Affairs� Awards Honor Excellence in Economics and Business� Combating International Bribery

25 Technology BluesA Foreign Service officer takes a light look at the computerage and its effect on official communications.

26 Post of the Month:� Hanoi: Building Toward a New Future in Vietnam� Vietnam on Two Wheels� USIS Vietnam

A s we begin a new season of congressional testi-monies and budget rollouts, let me highlightsome of the key challenges for our 1998 foreignpolicy agenda on Capitol Hill.

The first is money. We must build on progress madelast year in gaining bipartisan support for the President’sfull request for funding international affairs. Althoughwe were unable to achieve this objective last year, I stillbelieve a consensus is possible.

Next, the President needs “fast track” authority tonegotiate new trade agreements that create better jobs forAmericans and help our economy grow. Fast track is alsoa foreign policy imperative. In many capitals, if we havenothing to say on trade, we will find it harder to haveinfluence on other issues of direct importance to theAmerican people.

A third challenge is gaining congressional support tofurther implement the Dayton Accords.

Shortly before Christmas, I traveled to Bosnia with thePresident, former Senator Bob Dole and members ofCongress to visit our troops and to have frank conversa-tions with local leaders. I have visited Bosnia severaltimes, but I was greatly encouraged by the positivechanges I saw. The psychology of peace is beginning tocatch up with the reality that the fighting has stopped.

This year, we have a broad agenda for further progressin Bosnia on economic, political, legal and security issues.We expect our allies to do their part, and we will insistthat Bosnians meet their own responsibilities. We also askCongress to support our continued presence in Bosnia tohelp consolidate peace, and to ensure that when ourforces leave, they do not have to return.

The multinational effort to build peace in Bosniareflects the importance of a fourth test for 1998: to gainthe Senate’s consent to enlarge NATO, perhaps the bestfriend peace has ever had. The choice Congress will beasked to make is whether to reject NATO enlargementand leave the alliance aligned to fight an enemy that nolonger exists, or to maintain America’s role in a newNATO, bolstered by new democracies, sustained byenduring principles and dedicated to deterring and over-coming new threats.

2 State Magazine

FFRROOMM TTHHEE SSEECCRREETTAARRYY

Key Challenges for 1998In the weeks ahead, we can expect the Senate to ask

questions about the costs of including Poland, Hungaryand the Czech Republic within our alliance. Our replywill be that the costs now appear far lower than earlierestimates, that our allies will bear the vast majority ofthose costs and that the price of preparedness is never asgreat as the consequences of failing to prepare.

I hope and believe that Congress, with support fromleaders of both parties, will make the right choice andallow the first round of NATO enlargement to proceed.

A fifth legislative test for 1998 is whether we will paywhat we owe to the United Nations and the InternationalMonetary Fund. Currently, we are hundreds of millionsof dollars behind in our payments to both. This hurtsAmerica. It makes it harder for these critical organiza-tions to conduct and support programs that serve ourinterests. It undermines our influence within the organi-zations. And it is an open invitation to those around theworld hostile to our leadership to run America down.

That is why we were pleased last year with strongbipartisan support for legislation that would bring uscloser to meeting our obligations. Unfortunately, the pro-posals did not receive final approval. This year, we willrenew our call for action.

A sixth test of foreign policy leadership this year iswhether Congress approves the proposed Africa Growthand Opportunity Act. The Administration strongly sup-ports this initiative, drafted by Republican andDemocratic leaders, to support a new Americanapproach to a new Africa.

Obviously, this is not a complete list of the foreign pol-icy tests Congress and the Administration will face in themonths ahead. There will be many others, includingreceiving legislative authority to reorganize our foreignpolicy institutions. I ask your help in developing andmaintaining the strongest possible relationship withCongress on these and other issues that directly affect thesecurity, prosperity and freedom of the American people.

Madeleine AlbrightSecretary of State

The New Format:Pros and Cons

Dear Editor:I just received the September/

October issue, my first look at thenew format. I don’t like it at all,much too elaborate and busy. Butabove all, where are the obituaries? Icertainly hope this is not a perma-nent omission.

Ellen TurnerEugene, Ore.

The obituaries, which resumed in theNovember/December issue, are being con-densed to help reduce the backlog. As forthe new format, reader response has beenoverwhelmingly positive.

—The editors

Dear Editor:For the first time in a few months

(the usual hiatus accompanyingtransfer), I read State Magazine—theNovember/December 1997 issue. Iwas most pleasantly surprised. Thewhole thing (or most—what can youdo with transfer lists?) is much betterreading than before. I particularlyenjoyed the Bureau of the Month fea-ture on Consular Affairs. I was alsovery pleased to see the editorial byDirector General Skip Gnehm. OurForeign Service National colleaguesare all too often treated as second-class citizens or simply ignored byForeign Service officers. Keep up thegood work in the new year!

Dan GamberRetired Foreign Service Officer Brussels

Keep Up the Good Work

Dear Editor: I enjoyed reading State Magazine

some years ago at another library.

Reading the stories, I becameimpressed by the people who areworking so hard to conduct the for-eign affairs of the United States. Oneof the stories was about a lady wholived in my apartment building. Shewas top-notch at her job, and I waspleased to discover that she wasworking for our nation through theState Department. I hope that hercareer has been successful and per-sonally rewarding to her. My thanksto all of you who are doing suchgreat work conducting our nation’sforeign affairs.

Thomas K. LindseyGovernment Publications LibrarianUniversity of Texas at Arlington

Brasilia, Here I Come!

Kudos to Matthew Dever on hisvery descriptive article about Brasilia.He makes me want to run out andbuy a plane ticket to see for myself!

Natoschia ScruggsFormer Intern, Embassy-AbidjanCôte d’Ivoire

A Memorial for FSNs

Dear Editor:

Your June/July 1996 issue ran anarticle by former Director GeneralQuainton stressing the commitmentto service and citing as an examplethe “fidelity, bravery, leadership, ini-tiative and dedication” of the FSN ofthe Year.

In a previous Letter to the Editor, Iwrote: “Now that recognition byAFSA of another category of individ-uals, the Croatia crash victims, hasbeen established, one might ask whysimilar steps are not being taken tomemorialize our FSN colleagueswho have given their lives in sup-port of U.S. interests?”

February 3

LLEETTTTEERRSS TTOO TTHHEE EEDDIITTOORR

Letters should not exceed 250words and should include thewriter’s name, address and day-time phone number. Letters willbe edited for length and clarity.

You can also reach us via e-mailat statemag@perms.us-state.gov.

In July 1997, former AFSA Pres-ident Tex Harris wrote to SecretaryAlbright to support the Department’sprogram of recognizing a worldwideFSN of the Year chosen from regionalwinners. Mr. Harris also suggestedthat “the Department of State andother foreign affairs agencies consid-er the establishment of memorialplaques, both at posts and in Wash-ington, to honor Foreign ServiceNationals who have given their livesin the service of the United States. InWashington, there could be a com-bined plaque in the State Departmentfor FSNs of all agencies.”

In the November/December 1997issue, Director General Gnehm re-ferred to FSNs in writing, “theSecretary and the Department arefortunate to have a workforce devot-ed to accomplishing its mission,often under adverse conditions.”

Given the flow of praise for the FSNcommunity, shouldn’t the Depart-ment translate those words into actionby establishing a Department memo-rial for those who have given theirlives to support U.S. interests? Thefive FSN regional winners of FSN ofthe Year might then be asked to par-ticipate in a wreath laying at thatmemorial each year and so carryhome a very meaningful experiencethat will evidence our pride, thanksand remembrance of those fallen col-leagues named thereon.

Sincerely,

Bernard J. WoerzRetired Foreign Service OfficerCoconut Grove, Fla.

Many Foreign Service “old-timers” bemoan the currentstate of affairs, claiming theyjoined State “when giants

walked the earth.” Somehow the beliefthat those hired recently are not “the bestand the brightest” continues among someold-timers. Although an “old-timer”myself, I strongly disagree. I’ve seen first-hand that we are attracting colleagueswho are smart, dedicated and talented.But I am the first to say that we can—andMUST—do better.

I know from my New York days withSecretary Albright that she has strongviews about our current and futureneeds. “We need people with languageskills, economic talents and global issuesbackgrounds!” she would tell me. When Ifirst met Undersecretary Bonnie Cohen,we discussed at length the need to attractthe highest-caliber employees to Depart-ment careers. We also talked about theimportance of hiring in increased num-bers, so we can alleviate the chronicstaffing gaps severely affecting overseasposts. And, finally, we discussed theSecretary’s and our mutual commitmentto increasing diversity throughout theDepartment’s workforce, especially theneed to reach out to universities, minori-ty communities and organizations acrossthe United States to attract the bestminority candidates to State Department careers.

I’m excited to tell you what we’re doing on these threefronts. We are hiring new employees across the entirespectrum of the State workforce in fiscal year 1998. Ourprojections call for hiring 285 Civil Service employees,301 Foreign Service specialists and 234 Foreign Servicegeneralists. These new hires are absolutely critical torelieve chronic staffing gaps worldwide.

Increasing the number of new hires, however, is only halfthe story. The quality of the people we bring on board isevery bit as important as the quantity. Our Office ofRecruitment, Examination and Employment has imple-mented a Strategic Recruitment Plan to attract the best pos-sible candidates to Department careers. Several studentprograms are a key component of that plan to reach stu-dents in the formative stage of their careers.

The Presidential Management Intern Program, admin-istered by the Office of Personnel Management, recruitstalented graduate students into the federal government.

When their internships end, these individu-als are eligible for conversion to a career orcareer-conditional appointment to the CivilService. In September, we initiated the firstformal class at State. Members of the grouphave educational backgrounds running thegamut from foreign affairs to law enforce-ment sciences, and they are likely be ournext generation of Civil Service leaders.

The Student Intern Program is the largestof our student efforts, open to college jun-iors, seniors and graduate students. We had516 placements, 304 of them overseas, lastyear. The program is a proven pipeline forcareer employees. Former interns pass theForeign Service written exam at a rate 50percent greater than that for the generalpopulation, and they arrive with foreignaffairs experience. As noted in a story onblack history beginning on page 16 of thisissue, one of our best, Ambassador GeorgeMoose, who will represent us at theEuropean Office of the United Nations,began his career as an intern in 1966.

A full range of other, less-visible programs,such as Stay-in-School and CooperativeEducation, also employ young people andexpose them to Department careers.

I’m especially excited about our plannedreinvigoration of the Foreign AffairsFellowship Program. Call it State’s ownROTC program. It targets high-caliber col-lege sophomores and guarantees them

tuition assistance for the final two years of college andfirst year of graduate school. The fellows, who must meetForeign Service entry requirements to come on board,serve a minimum of 4 1/2 years as Foreign Service gen-eralists. We will make a concerted effort to recruit adiverse group, with special consideration given to stu-dents who demonstrate economic need. This program isextremely resource-intensive, but it is a necessary invest-ment if we are to make foreign affairs careers accessibleto a talented group of young people who might not oth-erwise be attracted.

You can help attract the best employees to theDepartment of State. Each of you reaches a wide audi-ence of potential State employees in your personal andprofessional lives. I hope you will encourage talentedand ambitious people to consider a career at State. OurRecruitment Division has more information on the aboveprograms or any of our recruiting efforts, and would beglad to assist one and all. �

4 State Magazine

DDIIRREECCTT FFRROOMM TTHHEE DD..GG..

My goal in this col-umn is to discussissues I am devotingmy time to andabout which I feelstrongly. Thismonth’s is a “bread-and-butter” issuethat’s absolutelycentral to my job:recruiting, selectingand hiring ourfuture workforce.

BY EDWARD W. “SKIP” GNEHM JR.

ALGERIA: Cameron R. Hume, of New York, joined theForeign Service in 1970, following service as a PeaceCorps volunteer in Libya. His overseas assignmentsinclude Palermo, Tunis, Damascus, Beirut and the HolySee. He served on the Secretary’s planning staff and as adesk officer for South Africa and has had three tours ofduty at the U.S. Mission to the United Nations.Ambassador Hume graduated from Princeton Universityand American University’s Washington College of Law.He has been an international affairs fellow at the Councilon Foreign Relations, a fellow at Harvard’s Center forInternational Affairs, and a guest scholar at the U.S.Institute of Peace, and has written two books and numer-ous articles on diplomacy and diplomatic history. Hisnomination was confirmed by the Senate Nov. 6.

AUSTRIA: Kathryn Walt Hall, ofTexas, began her career as assistantcity attorney in Berkeley, Calif.,before joining Safeway, where shedeveloped and administered one ofthe nation’s first and largest affir-mative action programs. She hasworked as an attorney and busi-nesswoman in Dallas, Texas, andserved as executive vice president

and managing director with Hall Financial Group, Inc., aninvestment firm. In 1995, Ms. Hall was appointed to theNational Advisory Council for Violence Against Women,and in early 1997 she became a trustee for the WoodrowWilson International Center for Scholars. She earned abachelor’s degree in economics and a law degree from theUniversity of California. Her nomination was confirmedby the Senate Nov. 6.

BELIZE: Carolyn Curiel, of Indiana,was special assistant to thePresident and senior presidentialspeechwriter before being nominat-ed ambassador to Belize. She joinedthe Clinton Administration inFebruary 1993 after a career in jour-nalism editing, writing and produc-ing both print and broadcast news.She headed the Caribbean Division

of United Press International, worked at the WashingtonPost and at the New York Times as an editor and was awriter-producer at ABC News. At the White House, Ms.Curiel specialized in domestic issues, including race rela-tions. Ambassador Curiel earned a bachelor’s degree inradio-TV-film from Purdue University in 1976. Her nomi-nation was confirmed Nov. 10.

BOLIVIA: Donna Jean Hrinak, ofPennsylvania, served as ambassa-dor to the Dominican Republicfrom 1994 until her appointment toBolivia. She joined the ForeignService in 1974 and has served inthe U.S. embassies in Mexico City,Warsaw, Bogota, Caracas andTegucigalpa. She also served asdeputy consul general in São Paulo

and in Washington as deputy assistant secretary of Statefor Caribbean and Mexican Affairs in the Bureau of Inter-American Affairs. Ambassador Hrinak received a bache-lor’s degree from Michigan State University and attend-ed George Washington University and the University ofNotre Dame School of Law. The Senate confirmed hernomination Nov. 10.

COLOMBIA: Curtis Warren Kamman, of Washington,D.C., has been a Foreign Service officer since 1960 andhas served as ambassador to Bolivia since 1994. He wasambassador to Chile from 1991 to 1994. He previouslyserved as deputy assistant secretary for European andCanadian Affairs, as deputy assistant secretary for intelli-gence and research, and as chief of the U.S. InterestsSection in Havana. He was political counselor anddeputy chief of mission in Moscow and director of EastAfrican Affairs in Washington, and has held diplomaticpositions in Mexico, Hong Kong, Kenya and the formerSoviet Union. In 1991, he received the President’sDistinguished Service Award for career officials, and twoyears later he was accorded the rank of career minister.Ambassador Kamman graduated from Yale University in1959 and has continued his studies at Stanford Universityand the University of Washington. The Senate confirmedhis nomination Nov. 3.

CROATIA: William Dale Montgomery,of Pennsylvania, began his ForeignService career in 1974. He served inBelgrade, Moscow, Dar es Salaamand Bulgaria, where he was ambas-sador from 1993 to 1996 until beingnamed State’s special adviser forBosnian peace implementation.Ambassador Montgomery has abachelor’s degree from Bucknell

University and a master’s from George WashingtonUniversity. His nomination was confirmed Nov. 10.

February 5

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HAITI: Timothy Michael Carney, of Washington state,served as ambassador to Sudan from 1995 to 1997. Hepreviously served as deputy assistant secretary for SouthAsian Affairs and held assignments in Vietnam,Cambodia, Thailand, Indonesia, Lesotho and SouthAfrica. He directed U.N. peacekeeping in Cambodia andserved as a U.N. consultant in Somalia and South Africa.Ambassador Carney has a bachelor’s degree from theMassachusetts Institute of Technology, has pursuedadvanced Southeast Asian studies at Cornell University,and has held diplomatic positions in Mexico, Hong Kong,Kenya and the former Soviet Union. The Senate con-firmed his nomination Nov. 10.

JAMAICA: Stanley L. McLelland, of Texas, served 16 yearsas a senior executive of Valero Energy Corp., an inde-pendent refinery based in San Antonio. He has partici-pated in several civic, international and charitable activi-ties, co-chaired the 1991 U.S.-Mexico Border AttorneysGeneral Conference, and served in trade delegations toMexico in 1991 and 1995. He also serves on the UnitedWay of America’s National Corporate AssociatesCouncil. Ambassador McLelland graduated in 1967 fromthe University of Texas at Austin and received his lawdegree in 1970 from the University of Texas Law School.In 1991, he graduated from Stanford University’sGraduate School of Business’ Executive Program. Hisnomination was confirmed Nov. 10.

MONGOLIA: Alphonse F. La Porta, of New York, enteredthe Foreign Service in 1965. He is experienced in Asianaffairs and has held assignments in Malaysia, Indonesiaand Turkey. His most recent overseas assignment was asdeputy chief of mission in Wellington, New Zealand,from 1987 to 1991. In Washington, Ambassador La Portadirected the Office of Cambodian Genocide Investi-gation, was executive assistant to the President’s specialrepresentative for the Philippine Multilateral AssistanceInitiative, and was deputy director of the Office ofIndonesia, Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore Affairs. Hewas with the Office of Management Operations from1985 to 1987 and contributed to the State 2000 and othermanagement reform reports. Ambassador La Portabecame vice president of the American Foreign ServiceAssociation in 1995, and president last year. He is a grad-uate of Georgetown University’s School of ForeignService and New York University. The Senate confirmedhis nomination Oct. 21.

MOZAMBIQUE: Brian Dean Curran,of Florida, joined the ForeignService in 1973 and has served inNiger, Guinea-Bissau, Belgium,France and Ireland. He was deputyassistant secretary for LegislativeAffairs from 1994 to 1996. Ambas-sador Curran received a bachelor’sfrom the School of Foreign Serviceat Georgetown University in 1970

and a master’s degree in 1972 from the John HopkinsUniversity School of Advanced International Studies.The Senate confirmed his nomination Oct. 21.

POLAND: Daniel Fried, of Washington, D.C., began hiscareer with the Foreign Service in 1977. He served inState’s Economic Bureau, in its Office of Soviet Affairsand as desk officer for Poland, and held assignments inLeningrad, Belgrade and Warsaw. Ambassador Friedserved on the staff of the National Security Council from1993 until 1997, first as director and then as special assis-tant to the President and senior director for Central andEastern Europe. He received a bachelor’s degree fromCornell University and a master’s in international affairsfrom Columbia University and is the recipient of severalgroup and individual superior and meritorious honorawards from State. The Senate confirmed his nominationNov. 6.

SRI LANKA/MALDIVES: Shaun E. Donnelly, of Indiana,has been with the Department since 1972, specializing ininternational economic affairs, including internationaltrade, energy, development finance and economic sanc-tions policy. He previously was an economic officer inSenegal, Ethiopia and Egypt, and deputy chief of missionin Mali and Tunisia. Since September 1994, Mr. Donnellyhas served as deputy assistant secretary of State in theBureau of Economic and Business Affairs. AmbassadorDonnelly is a graduate of Culver Military Academy andearned a bachelor’s degree in economics from LawrenceUniversity and a master’s in economics from NorthwesternUniversity. The Senate confirmed his nomination Nov. 6.

TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO: EdwardE. “Terry” Shumaker III, of NewHampshire, was a senior partnerwith the law firm of Gallagher,Callahan & Gartrell before hisambassadorial appointment. Hewas appointed to the NationalCommission for EmploymentPolicy in 1994 and was elected in1996 as one of the first 100 fellows

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of the American College of Labor and EmploymentLawyers. Ambassador Shumaker also served on the NewHampshire Supreme Court Rules Advisory Committee,the New Hampshire National and Community ServiceExecutive Board and New Hampshire’s electoral college.He graduated from The Choate School in 1966 andearned an bachelor’s degree from Dartmouth College in1970 and a law degree from Boston University in 1973.His nomination was confirmed by the Senate Oct. 23.

TUNISIA: Robin Lynn Raphel, ofWashington, D.C., began her careeras a lecturer at Damavand Collegein Tehran. She was an economicanalyst for the Central IntelligenceAgency from 1973 to 1975, thenworked for the U.S. Agency forInternational Development inPakistan before joining the ForeignService. In Washington, Ambas-

sador Raphel worked at State in several capacities. Shewas an economist in the Office of Investment Affairs, aneconomic officer on the Israel desk, a staff aide for theassistant secretary for the Near East and South AsianAffairs Bureau, and special assistant to the under secretaryfor Political Affairs. She covered Middle Eastern, SouthAsian, African and East Asian issues in London, and was acounselor for Political Affairs in South Africa from 1988 to1991 and in India from 1991 to 1993. Before her latestappointment, she was assistant secretary for South AsianAffairs. Ambassador Raphel received a bachelor’s degreein history and economics from the University ofWashington and attended the University of London. Shealso did graduate work at Cambridge University andearned a master’s in economics from the University ofMaryland. Her nomination was confirmed Nov. 5.

ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR POPULATION, REFUGEESAND MIGRATION: Julia V. Taft, of Washington, D.C., is aleading authority on refugee affairs and humanitarianassistance. She began her career as a White House fellow,later became special assistant to the Secretary of Health,Education and Welfare, and then became a deputy assis-tant secretary. She directed the U.S. Indochinese RefugeeResettlement Program and later served as State’s actingU.S. coordinator for refugees. From 1986 to 1989,Ambassador Taft was director of USAID’s Office of U.S.Foreign Disaster Assistance. Before her latest appoint-ment, she was president and CEO of InterAction, theAmerican Council for Voluntary International Action.Ambassador Taft received her bachelor’s degree in 1964and master’s in 1969 from the University of Colorado inBoulder. The Senate confirmed her nomination Nov. 6.

ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR INTELLIGENCE ANDRESEARCH: Phyllis Elliott Oakley, of Louisiana, served asthe Department’s first female deputy spokesperson from1986 to 1989. She later served with the Agency forInternational Development, working with the Afghan-istan Cross-Border Humanitarian Assistance Program inIslamabad, then as State’s Afghanistan desk officer. Shewas deputy assistant secretary for regional analysis in theBureau of Intelligence and Research from 1991 to 1993before being named assistant secretary of the Bureau ofPopulation, Refugees and Migration. AmbassadorOakley earned her bachelor’s degree from NorthwesternUniversity in 1956 and a master’s from the FletcherSchool of International Law and Diplomacy at TuftsUniversity in 1957. The Senate confirmed her nominationNov. 6.

REPRESENTATIVE OF THEUNITED STATES TO THE EURO-PEAN OFFICE OF THE UNITEDNATIONS: George Moose, ofWashington, D.C., has served asassistant secretary for AfricanAffairs since 1993. He previouslyserved as alternate representativeto the U.N. Security Council from1991 to 1992, as ambassador to

Senegal from 1988 to 1991, and as ambassador to Beninfrom 1983 to 1986. Ambassador Moose joined the ForeignService in 1967. His other assignments have includedpostings to Vietnam and Barbados and various positionsin State, including director of the Office of ManagementOperations and deputy director of the Office of SouthernAfrican Affairs. He has received numerous awards,including the Department’s Superior Honor Award andthe Meritorious Honor Award. The Senate confirmed hisnomination Nov. 6.

February 7

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By Donna MilesPhotos by Shawn Moore

Undersecretary for ManagementBonnie Cohen said she felt“shocked” after taking a

good, hard look at the Department’soperations last August when shetook the reins as Management chief.

She found that the slogan of thefederal streamlining effort, “doingmore with less,” had become a wayof life at State—perhaps, she said,too much so.

Ms. Cohen said she was struck bythe scope of the Department’s mis-sion. She said she was equallystruck, however, by the demandsthe Department places on its 23,000employees struggling to fill thegaps left by workforce cuts andshrinking budgets.

But things are looking up, said Ms.Cohen and Edward W. “Skip”Gnehm Jr., director general of theForeign Service and director ofPersonnel. Deputy Secretary StrobeTalbott introduced the officials to astanding-room-only crowd of about1,000 State employees who attendedthe Jan. 14 town hall meeting. Bothofficials said nobody is more commit-ted to strengthening the Departmentthan Secretary Madeleine Albright,who has made rebuilding theDepartment’s resources one of herhighest priorities.

Ms. Cohen said the Department’sfiscal 1998 budget is just under $2.9billion—representing the first timein five years that State’s budget islarger, rather than smaller, than theprevious year’s. The Departmentcan now focus on what she calledher five top priorities: preparing for

the integration of the Arms Controland Disarmament Agency, the U.S.Information Agency and someAgency for International Develop-ment functions under State; fillingpersonnel vacancies and providingmore training opportunities forworkers; and providing employeeswith better computer systems to dotheir jobs and better working condi-tions, especially overseas.

Ms. Cohen acknowledged that theanticipated integration of the ArmsControl and Disarmament Agencyand U.S. Information Agency intoState has some people concernedabout their jobs. She said State iscommitted to protecting the threeorganizations’ budgets to ensurethat resources dedicated to foreignaffairs, including positions, aren’tcut during the integration.

Ms. Cohen called filling vacanciesthroughout the Department a toppriority. She said State will increaseby 820 employees this year—a 100percent increase over last year’s rate.The fiscal 1998 hiring plan calls forrecruiting 234 Foreign Service gener-alists, 301 Foreign Service specialistsand 285 Civil Service employees.

Mr. Gnehm said the new hires willhelp reinvigorate and restore confi-dence in the system and bolster theDepartment’s role in foreign policy.

The undersecretary said Stateneeds to do more to provide fairsalaries and benefits to ForeignService Nationals, the Department’slargest group of employees. Shesaid her staff is seeking to improvethe way FSN wages are adjustedand to resolve long-standing FSNpension issues.

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Officials Describe Growth,Modernization Efforts at State

Deputy Secretary Strobe Talbott, left, reviews notes before the town hall meeting.With him, from left, are Larry Mandel, special assistant to Undersecretary forManagement Bonnie Cohen; Edward W. “Skip” Gnehm Jr., director general of theForeign Service and director of Personnel, and Undersecretary Cohen.

Ms. Cohen said State needs to putmore emphasis on employee trainingto better prepare its people to confrontthe challenges ahead. “It’s importantthat we assure ourselves that everyonewho needs training gets the trainingand that people get training for theirentire careers, not just at the pointwhen we bring them into the StateDepartment,” she told the audience.

The director general agreed that anincreased emphasis on training willhelp keep qualified people from leav-ing the Department, while underscor-ing the concept of State service as acareer. “We are a profession,” he said,“and by instituting a continuum oftraining for Civil Service and ForeignService workers, we’ll do a better jobof conveying that message.”

Ms. Cohen told the audience herstaff is also working to improve theDepartment’s information and com-munication systems. This fiscal year,$117 million is earmarked for infor-mation technology investments, andMain State is being wired now forbuilding-wide Internet access. Whileit modernizes its systems, theDepartment needs to take some les-

sons from private industry, she said,to learn how to use its technologymore efficiently. “We have to spendsmarter and train better,” she said.

After visiting several overseasembassies, the undersecretary saidshe found buildings to be in “a con-dition I think that would surprisethe American public.” Ms. Cohen

said she and Secretary Albright arecommitted to improving workingconditions for the 60 percent ofState’s workforce assigned overseas.The fiscal 1998 budget allocates $800million for improvements, but Ms.Cohen said that falls far short ofwhat’s needed, and State will needto ensure that money is directedwhere it’s most needed. “We won’tbe able to do everything,” sheacknowledged, “but we will be ableto tell you what we are doing andwhen we will do it.”

Ms. Cohen said she is taking toheart the challenge posed bySecretary Albright: to help us all tofunction better, faster and with moreflexibility. Our goal is to make theDepartment “a place where the bestpeople are excited not only about thework they do, but also about thesupport and tools we give them todo it with.”

Ms. Cohen encouraged employeesto send their suggestions to her,signed or unsigned. “You live thesystem and experience the system.We need your input to help us makethe system work better for you.” �

February 9

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Edward W. “Skip” Gnehm Jr., director general of the Foreign Service and director of Personnel, outlines his plan to promote training at State as Undersecretary forManagement Bonnie Cohen looks on.

About 1,000 employees packed the Dean Acheson Auditorium to hear about State’splans for the future.

The ceremonial gate of theNational Foreign Affairs Train-ing Center in Arlington, Va.,

recently swung wide to welcome adelegation headed by former RussianAmbassador and Dean of the Dip-lomatic Corps Anatoly Dobrynin.

Martin Luther King RememberedState employees in Washington celebrated the achievements of the late Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. during a Jan.

15 ceremony in Main State’s Dean Acheson Auditorium. Secretary Madeleine K. Albright hosted the event, with the theme “Remember! Celebrate! Act!”, commemorat-

ing past struggles to attain equality and calling on Americans to continue seeking ways to achieve racial harmony.The Rev. Wintley A. Phipps, an internationally known composer and singer of American gospel music, was the

keynote speaker. Students from Bailey’s Elementary School for the Arts and Sciences in Falls Church, Va., werescheduled to peform, but inclement weather closed many area schools. President Clinton has called the school amodel for racial harmony.

10 State Magazine

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Mr. Dobrynin served as ambassa-dor from the Soviet Union to theUnited States from 1962 to 1986,under six presidents, from John F.Kennedy to Ronald Reagan. Nowadviser to the Russian president,Ambassador Dobrynin was accom-

panied by the current Russianambassador, Yuliy Vorontsov, andRussia’s cultural affairs counselor,Anatoliy Zukekhin.

Ambassador Ruth A. Davis, direc-tor of the Foreign Service Institute,greeted the delegation, along withDeputy Director Ruth A. Whitesideand Executive Director for Manage-ment Catherine J. Russell. Discussioncentered around the challenge oftraining diplomats of the 21st centu-ry. The group discussed future coop-eration on training, research anddevelopment issues.

While touring the facility, theRussian guests visited the ConsularTraining Division’s “visa window”and the “jail,” sites of scenarios con-ducted to simulate real-world con-sular work. Ambassador Dobryningot hands-on experience with FSI’smultimedia and web-based trainingtools used in Russian language andarea study. Before leaving NFATC toaccompany the group to the RussianEmbassy, Ambassador Dobrynin vis-ited the Stephen Low Library to auto-graph his 1995 book, “In Confidence:Moscow’s Ambassador to America’sSix Cold War Presidents.” �

Russians Visit NFATC

Former Russian Ambassador Anatoly Dobrynin greets State officials at the NationalForeign Affairs Training Center. FSI Director Ruth Davis, right, looks on.

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By Donna Miles

Twenty-eight years in the Foreign Service taughtJoe Terranova a lot about managing budgets,running administrative offices and working witha wide variety of people.

But little did the Washington, D.C., native realize whenhe retired as executive director of the Foreign ServiceInstitute in 1980 that he’d built the perfectrésumé for a new career as mayor ofWinter Park, Fla.

“There’s a great similarity betweenwhat I did in the Foreign Service and inrunning a city,” said Mr. Terranova,whose State assignments included dutyin Monrovia, Madrid, Belgrade, Karachi,Saigon and Paris. He said he learned at those postsabout many of the services his 425 employees provideWinter Park residents: police, water purification, sewerand trash removal services, among them.

“When you’re in administration in an embassy opera-tion, you work with the full range of services, particular-ly at hardship posts,” Mr. Terranova said. “My ForeignService experience has helped me quite a bit in under-standing the operation of running a city.”

Mr. Terranova said he wasn’t thinking about a future inpolitics when he and his wife, Pat Killarny, retired to cen-tral Florida. But as he got active in the local community—

as president of the city’s university club, a trustee on thelibrary board and a Chamber of Commerce member—Mr. Terranova found himself increasingly involved incity politics.

He entered politics in 1993, winning a seat on theWinter Park City Commission. Two years later he wasappointed vice mayor. When he thought about runningfor mayor, he said he had a long discussion with his wifeand she said, “Joe, go for it.”

He admits the campaign was tough,with three other Winter Park residents inthe race. Mr. Terranova said Pat, whomhe married after she retired from theForeign Service in 1979, stood by him allthe way.

When the polls closed on election day,Mr. Terranova had won by just one vote.“The election was so close, they had to

recount it. Turns out they had made a mistake and I hadone additional vote,” he said, adding with a laugh, “Thatdoubled my lead.”

After almost a year in office, Mr. Terranova is stillenjoying the challenges of the job. He called it “a greatcareer for people who enjoy working with all sorts ofpeople on all sorts of contentious issues, and working toreach a consensus.

“Being a city mayor has been a great opportunity anda great challenge for me,” he said. “It’s a job I’d definite-ly recommend for other Foreign Service people.” �

February 11

MisterMayorA Foreign Service careerprovided a retiree withthe foundation he neededto run a city government.

“My Foreign Serviceexperience has helpedme quite a bit in under-standing the operationof running a city.”

Mayor Joe Terranova meets with children in Winter Park, Fla.

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Perhaps not everyone in the IBureau is as obsessed with tendingto the field’s needs as Mr. Prieto, buthis approach—wired and ready toprovide customers with whatevertheir jobs require—is typical of thebureau’s 367 employees. Their job, ina nutshell, is to help agency staffmembers overseas reach foreignopinion makers with policy informa-tion, quickly and authoritatively.

“Across the board in the I Bureau,”said Marrie Schaefer, a ForeignService officer who works with Mr.Prieto on the East Asia Team, “peoplesee themselves as professionals.There is a can-do attitude, and initia-tive is genuinely encouraged. Youbecome more creative, you workharder, and you see results.”

These views are a relatively recentoutgrowth of the team-oriented man-agement style the bureau adoptedwhen it was launched Oct. 1, 1994.Facing a downsizing directive fromthe Office of Management and

Budget, USIA Director Joseph Duffeyconcentrated the cuts—not 3 percentacross the board but 30 percent inone part of the agency. Four taskforces of nearly 100 employees metfor five weeks to discuss how to copewith the required cutbacks and howbest to structure the new organiza-tion. Several long-standing agencyproducts like the Washington-basedmagazines and exhibits service werephased out, and many employeestook buyouts.

“Very early on,” Barry Fulton, the IBureau’s first associate director,remembered, “someone suggested ateam-based approach, and everyoneagreed after only 10 or 15 minutes ofdiscussion without really understand-ing what a radical transformation thiswould mean. Union representativesliked the idea of cutting out layers ofbureaucracy. Management saw it as away of continuing to do the workwith fewer people.”

The I Bureau’s structure and man-agement style are nothing new toAmerican corporations. In recentyears, many have adopted a similarset of ideas, ranging from W. EdwardDeming’s Total Quality Managementconcept to those in such businessbest-sellers as Michael Hammer’sReengineering the Corporation or TheWisdom of Teams by Jon Katzenbachand Douglas Smith.

In the I Bureau approach, cross-disciplinary teams of professionalsworking in small groups provideproducts and services to USIA’s fieldposts. One type of team is “geo-graphic.” I/GNEA, for example,takes care of Near East/South Asiaposts. Its 16-person staff consists of ateam leader, writer-editors, fieldservice officers, Arabic translators, abook officer, information resourceofficers and a program assistant.Each day the team puts together inboth English and Arabic a regionaledition of the Washington File, thecompendium of official texts andtranscripts by U.S. government offi-cials that goes to all missions. Theteam’s two information resourceofficers spend much of their timetraveling throughout the region toadvise posts on transforming agencylibraries overseas into informationresource centers. Smaller and lesscostly than libraries serving the pub-lic, these centers use on-line technol-ogy to get the U.S. position on keyissues to an elite audience of foreignofficials, journalists and academics.

A second kind of permanent team,“thematic,” deals with specific sub-

12 State Magazine

U S I ABy George Clack

Inside USIA’s Information BureauThe last thing Steve Prieto does each night before

going to bed is to check his e-mail. The overseasposts Mr. Prieto is responsible for as a field service offi-cer with the East Asia Team in the U.S. InformationAgency’s Information Bureau are 12 or 13 hours aheadof Washington time. Before another day passes hewants to see whether he can answer any queries quick-ly or let a post know that a problem involving some IBureau product is being worked on.

ject matter. For example, I/TDHRproduces information on democracyand human rights via WashingtonFile pieces, electronic journals, websites on the Internet and U.S. expertswho travel abroad to discuss issueswith invited audiences at posts. Theteam’s 12-person staff includes ateam leader, writer-editors, speakerprogrammers, reference specialistsand a program assistant.

The bureau also has ad hoc teamsthat pool in-house expertise to tacklea particular project or problem, thendisband when the issue is closed.One group, for example, created amultimedia CD-ROM to answerprospective foreign students’ ques-tions about attending U.S. colleges.During the 18-month project, morethan 20 different employees—graph-ic designers, writer-editors, comput-er experts, photo editors, speakerprogrammers, a reference specialistand a TV producer—from eight per-manent teams worked on the task.

On a smaller scale, other ad hocteams formulated bureau-wide poli-cies on telecommuting, devised acareer ladder system for translatorsand built web sites on such topics asthe Denver Economic Summit.

More than a buzzword in the IBureau, “empowerment” is probablythe key to making the culture work.“Things are definitely less bureau-cratic,” said Estelle Baird, a speaker-programmer with the Democracyand Human Rights Team. “Whenyou see there is a problem, you takeaction to solve it.”

“We don’t simply do our ownthing, though,” said Peg McKay, awriter-editor with the PoliticalSecurity Team. “When I was man-aging editor for an issue of ourteam’s electronic journal, I spent alot of time consulting with areaoffices about the authors, approach-es, manuscripts. Someone at mylevel never would have done thatpre–I Bureau.”

In the I Bureau, empowerment isalso a logical consequence of down-sizing and delayering. The employ-ee-to-supervisor ratio went from 4:1in its predecessor organization to13:1 today. So team leaders see them-selves more as coaches, facilitatorsand direction setters than as tradi-tional managers who need to knowall the answers. Decision making onmost matters is shared, and top-down decisions are rare.

A second basic principle is bureauleaders’ commitment to the latestinformation technology. “This wasan underlying assumption of thenew bureau,” said Myron “Mike”Hoffmann, current acting associatedirector and the deputy bureauchief from the beginning. “Withshrinking resources, the best way to

February 13

The author is leader of the I Bureau’sCopyright and Print Publications Team.

Bureau employees test digital videoconferencing equipment. Videoconferences with overseas posts jumped from fewer than 20 ayear in the early 1990s to 104 in 1997.

Continued on next page

Workers at the U.S. consulate general in Hamilton, Bermuda, dondenim to raise money for diabetes awareness education.

home page, consistently rated asone of the best government websites, includes an archive of the dailyWashington File as well as specialsections on trade issues, NATOenlargement and the AtlanticCommunity, the global environ-ment, the Middle East peaceprocess, U.S. relations with Chinaand U.S. commitment to democracyand human rights. The ElectronicMedia Team has primary responsi-bility for this home page and workswith knowledgeable staff from thegeographic and thematic teams tocreate new material. But virtuallyevery team has developed at leastone Internet expert skilled enoughto launch or update a web site.

Because empowerment requiresthe right kind of leadership, thebureau devotes much effort toselecting new team leaders andoffice directors and training them inits culture. “Leadership in the IBureau calls for some qualities notalways shared by otherwise excel-lent leaders,” said Mike Hoffmann.“People who have hyperactive egos,who feel impelled to be involved in

maintain operations in the field is toexploit technology to deliver infor-mation rapidly and efficiently.Technology is not an end in itself,but a way to make up for deficien-cies in resources.”

This high-tech approach has a vari-ety of consequences. Every employ-ee, for instance, is expected to spendat least 12 hours a month learningnew work-related skills—primarilycomputer skills. Everybody in thebureau has had full desktop accessi-bility to the World Wide Web formore than a year, and for most staff,information gathering on the Internetis now a routine part of their jobs.Because of its speed, e-mail hasreplaced cables as the preferred modeof communication with field posts.One of the very few diktats from sen-ior management requires all inquiriesfrom posts to be answered within 48hours, a principle that’s taken deeproot in the bureau’s culture.

Another major push has been indeveloping the agency’s Internetpresence. The agency’s international

14 State Magazine

all decisions, will probably not bethe best possible leaders for the IBureau. You must have the confi-dence as a leader to set directionsand establish parameters and thenallow the very smart people aroundyou to do their jobs.” To ensure thatleaders get good, systematic feed-back on their performance, all teamleaders, all office directors and eventhe bureau associate director anddeputy go through an annual 360-degree evaluation by their peers,staff and supervisors.

Every effort is made to ensure thatfocus on the I Bureau’s managementpractices is reflected in its bottomline: results in the field. “We’ve hadtwo major successes,” said BarryFulton, who left the bureau lastspring. “First, the innovation andcreativity we unleashed in the shapeof new and better products, and,second, the fact that productivity isup as well. Today the bureau’s staffis 38 percent smaller, but there’s nodoubt the amount of work accom-plished is 80 to 90 percent of what itwas before.” �

USIA Continued

Bermuda ShortsGo Denim

Employees at the U.S. consulate generalin Hamilton, Bermuda, recently tradedtheir Bermuda shorts for denims andjoined a community effort to highlight thedangers of diabetes.

The island-wide observation of “DenimDay” was sponsored by the BermudaDiabetic Association to raise funds for dia-betes awareness education. Consulategeneral staffers joined local businesses indonating funds to the cause in exchangefor wearing jeans to work for the day. Theevent was hailed as a big success.

—Jamie W. Carlington

I’ve read a lot about air pollu-tion and smog, and that the airin Los Angeles is improving.What exactly is smog?—EUR

According to Webster’s NewWorld Dictionary, the originalmeaning of smog was “a nox-ious mixture of fog and

smoke.” Over the years, it has come tomean a “low-lying, perceptible layer ofpolluted air.” It’s produced by complexphotochemical reactions of a combina-tion of pollutants from many sources,including smokestacks, vehicle exhaust,curing paint and solvents, and sunlight.Ground-level ozone is the primary pol-lutant associated with smog. Weatherand geography greatly influence howbad smog gets and where it accumu-lates. Wind may blow smog-formingpollutants some distance from theirsources, and lack of wind can causesmog to stagnate for days.

I’m concerned about pesticideuse in our home overseas.How can I learn more aboutsafe pest control?—ARA

An excellent place to start is a recently developed16-page booklet, Pest Management in Your Home—A Guide to Integrated Pest Management of CommonHousehold Pests for Overseas Families. It looks at

integrated pest management and describes safe, effectiveand long-lasting measures for combating common house-hold pests including roaches, ants and rodents. The bookletis being printed now and should be available soon in yourpost’s Community Liaison Office.

I’ve noticed a number of strange brands of bot-tled water available locally. Should I assumethey’re safe to drink?—AF

No. In some parts of the world, drinking bottledwater can be risky. A few years ago, a regionalmedical officer reported a case of an Americanwho developed typhoid from drinking bottledwater while working for the United Nations in an

African city. It turned out that an unscrupulous business-

man was filling used bottles of a local brand ofwater with tap water and resealing them. Inthe United States, the Food and DrugAdministra-tion oversees bottled water quali-ty, enforcing Environmental ProtectionAgency standards. There’s no assurance thatbottled water purchased locally is not microbi-ologically contaminated. So when in doubt,check with your health unit regarding localsuppliers or boil water for three minutesbefore drinking it.

I’m an information managementspecialist who spends 90 percent ofthe workday at my computer. Inrecent years, I’ve heard many of my

colleagues complain about numbness, painand tingling in their hands and wrists, andsome have been diagnosed with carpal tunnelsyndrome. I, on the other hand, have beenexperiencing pain between my neck and rightshoulder for about six months. Could mycomputer use be the problem?—DC

Yes, it’s possible that your conditionis computer related. In the past year,our office has conducted numerous

ergonomic workstation assessments foremployees who reported symptoms of carpaltunnel syndrome and other cumulative trau-

ma, including shoulder pain. These employees were allintensive mouse users and invariably had been using theirmouse on their worktables instead of on their keyboardtrays—producing awkward and stressful positions.

The goal of ergonomic assessments is to adjust andarrange your work area to help you work comfortablyand productively. To help relieve some of the strain onyour shoulder, try placing your mouse on your keyboardand position the tray to the neutral position. The mouse,like the keyboard, should be positioned so that as youtype or use your mouse, your elbows rest comfortably atyour sides and your hands and wrists become a naturalextension of your forearms. When you use your mousein the proper position, your shoulders should relax asyour arms fall naturally at your sides. Of course, youshould see a physician to get a professional evaluation ofyour condition.

February 15

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This column is written byStephen Urman, director ofthe Office of Safety/ Healthand Environmental Man-agement. You may sendquestions to Mr. Urman atA/FBO/OPS/SAF, SA–6,Room L–300, Washington,D.C. 20522, or write to theeditor. (Your privacy will berespected.) Department poli-cy prohibits reprisal actionsagainst employees whoexpress concerns regardingunsafe or unhealthful work-ing conditions.

BY STEPHEN URMAN

16 State Magazine

The Civil War was barely over whenEbenezer D. Bassett declared his intentionto become the United States’ first blackdiplomat. Born in Litchfield, Conn., in 1833,the son of a mulatto and a Pequot Indianhad built an impressive résumé for the job:honor student, teacher and principal.

In 1869, Mr. Bassett’s dreams were realized whenPresident Ulysses S. Grant named him minister resi-dent and consul general to Haiti. In accepting the jobof overseeing U.S. diplomatic relations with Haiti as

it struggled against strife and revolution, Mr. Bassettforged the first of many milestones for black Americanswithin the State Department.

Those milestones are being celebrated throughoutBlack History Month as State observes the contributionsof black Americans to U.S. foreign policy.

As of Dec. 31, 1997, 67 black Americans—46 of themcareer officers—have served as chiefs of mission. And sev-eral black Americans hold top principal officer posts. RuthDavis was named director of the National Foreign Affairs

Training Center last July, David R. Andrews became theDepartment’s legal adviser last September and Susan Riceis now the assistant secretary for African Affairs.

The road that led to these appointments had its shareof bumps. Two years after Mr. Bassett’s appointment toHaiti, President Grant named James Milton Turnerambassador to Liberia. For many years, State limited itsappointments of black consular and diplomatic officersto these two countries.

But the assignments of three career consuls in 1906,together with a fourth black career officer appointed in1899, slowly expanded the Department’s policies aboutassignments for its black diplomats. James GarnethCarter, tailor, letter carrier and newspaper manager, wasappointed to the consulate at Madagascar in 1906.William J. Yerby, a medical doctor, was appointed toSierra Leone in 1906 and transferred to Senegal in 1920.James Weldon Johnson, songwriter and poet, wasappointed consul at Puerto Cabello, Venezuela, and laterto Corinto, Nicaragua.

These posts were small, in tropical countries, andunpopular with most officers. Black clerks and vice con-suls went as support staff. When black personnel weretransferred, it was usually to another post where blacks

Celebrating Blacks in Foreign Affairs

Friends and colleagues join Ambassador Clifton R. Wharton on his retirement in 1964.

February 17

were posted: the African countries, the Canary Islands,the Azores, Portugal and France.

After passage of the Rogers Act in 1924—legislationthat established a career service in which merit alone wasthe basis for appointment and promotion—William H.Hunt, Yerby and Carter became the first black career offi-cers in the new Foreign Service.

That same year, Clifton R. Wharton began a career withthe Department that was to span more than four decades,during which he would rise from a law clerkship to becomethe first black career minister in the Foreign Service. Whenhe arrived at State, Mr. Wharton was the Department’s onlyblack employee in a professional position.

After passing the Foreign Service examinations, hereported to Monrovia, Liberia, where he served for fiveyears before becoming the first black officer to be postedto Las Palmas in the Canary Islands. He later served inMadagascar; Oporto, Portugal; and the Azores.

Ambassador Wharton’s first break from the pattern ofassignments for blacks came in 1949, when he wasassigned as consul general and first secretary at Lisbon.Soon after, he also became supervisory consul general forPortugal and the adjacent Portuguese islands. The post-ing represented a double victory. Not only was he thefirst black officer at Lisbon, he was the senior officer aswell. From that post, Mr. Wharton continued his list offirsts: first black Foreign Service officer at Moron,Argentina, next Romania, then Norway.

Loy Henderson, deputy undersecretary for Adminis-tration, recalled in a letter to Mr. Wharton, “One of themost unforgettable moments of my Foreign Service lifewas my conversation with you when you flew fromMarseilles to Washington in order to make sure that yourappointment as minister of Romania was based on meritand qualification—not on racial considerations.” He con-tinued, “You made it clear to me that if the matter of racehad been one of the criteria, you would not be able toaccept the appointment. I was deeply touched and gladto tell you that race had not been a factor.”

Again, when Mr. Wharton was appointed ambassadorto Norway, the Washington Post ran an editorial that read,“The post goes to Mr. Wharton because he deserves it,not because he happens to be a Negro.”

After he retired in 1964, Mr. Wharton credited persist-ence, stamina and faith for helping him overcome racialhurdles to forge a successful Foreign Service career. Hisson, Clifton Wharton Jr., followed in his father’s foot-steps, becoming the first African-American to serve asdeputy secretary of State in 1993, although he resignedafter just nine months on the job.

Mr. Wharton Sr. also paved the way for a long list ofother black Americans to assume top-level positionswithin the Department. Edward Perkins became the firstblack director general of the Foreign Service and directorof Personnel in 1989.

Aurelia Brazeal, now principal deputy assistant secre-tary for East Asia and Pacific Affairs, was the first African-American woman in the career Foreign Service to advancefrom entry level to the senior ranks and, in 1990, to anambassadorship. In 1993, George Moose became the firstAfrican American to serve as assistant secretary forAfrican Affairs. That same year, Conrad K. Harper wasnamed State’s first African-American legal adviser. �

This article was compiled from several feature stories written inthe late 1970s and 1980 by Homer L. Calkin, a former memberof the Department’s Historical Office.

Conrad K. Harper, State’s first African-American legal adviser.

Ted Perkins is sworn in as ambassador to South Africa. Alsopictured are Mrs. Perkins and Secretary George Schultz.

Like all baby boomers, the Bureau has been shaped bythe ever-changing postwar environment. Initially, therewere offices, then later deputy assistant secretaries, forInternational Trade Policy, Financial Development Policyand Transportation and Communications Policy.

International resources were added to the Bureau’sresponsibilities in response to material needs associatedwith the Korean War. The Cold War brought an Office ofEconomic Defense and Trade Policy to restrict communistaccess to strategic goods and technologies. Much later,détente would see this part of EB evolve into the Office ofEast-West Trade, and defense-related trade controlsmoved to the Bureau of Political and Military Affairs.Growing energy imports added fuels and energy to theresources portfolio, and the oil embargo of the 1970s ledthe Bureau heavily into international energy policy.

The steady growth of international trade and invest-ment, together with the growing interdependence of for-eign policy issues and multinational business activities,increasingly engaged the Department in dialogue withthe U.S. and international business communities anddomestically oriented economic agencies. In 1972, “E

February 19

Economic andBusiness AffairsThe Bureau of Economic and Busi-

ness Affairs is a baby boomer. Itwas born in December 1944, when

the Department created an assistantsecretary for Economic Affairs to over-see its economic staff. The Bureauplayed a key role in establishing themajor post war institutions of Westerneconomic recovery and continuingprosperity. They include the Inter-national Monetary Fund, World Bankand General Agreement on Tariffs andTrade, now the World Trade Organi-zation, among others.

Bureau of the Month:

The Bureau actively promotes programsthat reduce U.S. dependence on oil toenhance U.S. energy security.

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Bureau” became the Bureau ofEconomic and Business Affairs—”EB.” Its offices today maintain closeties with a vast range of U.S. busi-nesses and trade and labor organiza-tions, providing the Department’smain day-to-day interface with thecommercial private sector. Theseoffices also serve as the Department’smain representatives in the intera-gency economic policy forums.

As de facto home base for theDepartment’s 1,000-plus economicofficers, EB serves as the unofficialcustodian of the Foreign Service eco-nomic function. Its managementworks with the undersecretary forEconomic and Agricultural Affairs,the Bureau of Personnel, theNational Foreign Affairs TrainingCenter and the regional bureaus toensure that the Department recruitsand trains talented economic officersto fill its domestic and overseasneeds. EB also works with theregional bureaus and the directorgeneral to ensure that officers withstrong track records on economics

20 State Magazine

German Chancellor Helmut Kohl and President Bill Clinton sign the “Open Skies” bilateral aviation agreement. The EconomicBureau served as lead U.S. negotiator.

The Bureau’s International Finance and Development Office represents State at theInternational Monetary Fund, above, and a variety of other economic and financialorganizations.

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are placed in key leadership posi-tions in posts where these issues arecentral to the relationship.

The vast range and complexity oftoday’s global economy and the spe-cialized nature of some internationaleconomic organizations involve EB ina host of fascinating issues, from reg-ulating the processing of pet food toallocating radio frequencies to newsatellite-based global mobile tele-phone companies to managing thecurrent Asian economic upheavals.Managing such a far-ranging portfo-lio requires EB’s organization andstaffing to reflect the diversity ofdomestic agencies, private sectorgroups and international institutionsinvolved. EB has some 200 officersand support staff organized alongfunctional lines under five deputyassistant secretaries.

International Communicationsand Information Policy manages theDepartment’s involvement in policyfor the booming telecommunicationsand information industries. CIP, anindependent bureau from 1983 untiljoining EB in 1995, oversees andcoordinates policy for U.S. participa-tion in international organizationsinvolved in communications and

February 21

information policy, satellite andcable policy and a variety oftelecommunications trade and infra-structure development initiatives.

Energy, Sanctions and Commod-ities plays a key role in developingand implementing U.S. economicsanctions, such as embargoes andexport controls, that aim to achieve

foreign policy objectives while tak-ing into account U.S. competitive-ness. Congress and policy makers inthe post Cold War era look moreand more to economic sanctions asthe tool of first resort to achieve for-eign policy objectives when persua-sion fails. ESC also develops andsupervises policies to enhance U.S.

EB’s Steve Miller and Peg Caton visit the port facilities in Baltimore as part of theBureau’s focus on foreign policy aspects of maritime issues.

Enhancing diversification of energy supplies is a goal of the Energy, Sanction, and Commodities Office.

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energy security through diversifica-tion of supply, conservation, con-sumer country cohesion and prepa-ration for supply disruptions, aswell as dialogue with individualproducer nations, including OPEC,the Newly Independent States,Canada and Mexico.

International Finance and Devel-opment provides the Department’sfinancial analysis and economic poli-cy recommendations in response tospecific regional needs such as theAsian financial crisis and to guide theoverall thrust and composition ofbilateral and multilateral develop-ment assistance. IFD works closelywith the Treasury Department andAgency for International Develop-ment on the foreign policy aspects ofmonetary issues, developmentfinance, investment policy and eco-nomic reform in developing countries

and economies in transition. It repre-sents the Department in the U.S.Export-Import Bank, the InternationalMonetary Fund, the World Bank andregional development banks, and thefinancial and investment committeesof the Organization for EconomicCooperation and Development.

Trade Policy and Programs takesthe lead for the Department in pursu-ing trade liberalization through bilat-eral and multilateral trade negotia-tions. It represents the Department inthe formal and informal interagencytrade policy coordinating processes,such as the National EconomicCouncil and Trade Policy ReviewGroup. TPP develops and imple-ments Department policy on multilat-eral trade issues in the World TradeOrganization and in regional or bilat-eral forums such as the Asia-PacificEconomic Cooperation forum, the

North America Free Trade Agreementand the Japan Framework talks. Italso handles important industrial sec-tor issues such as intellectual proper-ty, competition policy, agriculturaltrade and the textile program.

State, in cooperation with theTransportation Department, has spe-cial responsibility for negotiatingbilateral aviation agreements withforeign governments, and Tanspor-tation Affairs is the chief aviationnegotiator for the United States. TRAis pressing for the liberalization ofinternational aviation policies of U.S.partners by building on the “OpenSkies” principles it has negotiatedinto agreements with 28 countries.TRA is also responsible for coordi-nating and implementing foreignpolicy aspects of aviation safety andsecurity policies, as well as maritimeand land transportation issues. �

22 State Magazine

A tanker offloads oil into underground storage areas—an effort to reduce U.S. vulnerability to shortages of petroleum.The Bureau maintains dialogue with oil-producing nations to help prevent supply disruptions.

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By Alan P. Larson

This year I chaired theselection committee forthe Salzman Award forExcellence in International

Economic Work and served on theselection committee for the CobbAwards. This was a special honor,for I’ve known and worked withboth Ambassador Charles E. Cobband the late Ambassador HerbSalzman. While many factors con-tributed to the conspicuous successof the outstanding officers wereviewed, a single theme emerged:Strong, effective advocacy of U.S.economic policies and commercialinterests is the key to success.

As ambassador to the Paris-based Organization for EconomicCooperation and Development from1977 to 1981, Ambassador Salzmanestablished the Salzman Award in1981 to recognize outstanding con-tributions in advancing U.S. interna-tional relations and policy objectivesin the economic field. Rita FredericksSalzman and the Salzman familycontinue to support the award in hismemory. In 1997 AmbassadorSalzman’s son Anthony presentedthe award to Mary Janice Fleck inKuala Lumpur.

The committee was impressed with1997’s Salzman nominations, cover-ing 12 officers and the first nomina-tion of a team of two officers workingon the same or closely related issues.The choice among the three finalistswas especially difficult, and the com-mittee recognized outstanding contri-butions by all three. The committeechose Ms. Fleck for policy advocacy,key to securing Malaysian support forvital U.S. policy objectives in the

World Trade Organization’s Infor-mation Technology Agreement andfor U.S. “Open Skies” civil aviationpolicies. She also encouragedMalaysian leadership to support ourcommon interests with other coun-tries in the region.

The Cobb Awards, one for chiefsof mission and another for officersbelow the rank of chief of mission,are funded by Mr. Cobb, formerambassador to Iceland.

The two winners, Michael Delanyand Ambassador A. Elizabeth Jones,represent radically different work-ing environments. But their nomina-tions highlight a common focus onidentifying interests and opportuni-ties for U.S. business, exercisingleadership in working with U.S.business and foreign customers, andtaking the initiative to develop cre-

ative solutions overcomingobstacles to growth of U.S. tradeand investment overseas.

As section chief at the embassyin Helsinki, Mr. Delany refocusedthe embassy’s economic sectionfrom traditional economic report-ing toward a more aggressivedirect advocacy of U.S. interna-tional economic policies and com-mercial interests. In the process,he developed an extensive net-work of economic contacts andmore in-depth knowledge of theFinnish economy.

In Kazakstan, AmbassadorJones brought her energy, creativeimagination and dynamic leader-ship to bear on promoting U.S.commercial interests in a devel-

oping country making the transitionto a market economy. The CaspianBasin, with oil and gas reservesrivaled only by the Persian Gulf, hasattracted nearly $1 billion in U.S.investment in its energy sector.

The nominations clearly demon-strated not only that economic andcommercial officers around theworld are working hard to deliverour policy message and support ourcommercial interests, but also thatambassadors everywhere are in-volved more deeply than ever in oureconomic advocacy. The Cobb andSalzman Awards recognize the sig-nificance of these efforts. I urgechiefs of mission and regional assis-tant secretaries to nominate moreofficers and ambassadors for theseawards, to recognize their outstand-ing efforts on behalf of U.S. econom-ic and commercial interests. �

February 23

Awards Highlight Advocacy of U.S.Interests, Policies

BBuurreeaauu ooff tthhee MMoonntthh:: EEccoonnoommiicc aanndd BBuussiinneessss AAffffaaiirrss

The author is assistant secretary of Statefor Economic and Business Affairs.

Mary Janice Fleck in Kuala Lumpurwas awarded the 1997 Salzman Award.With her is the late ambassador’sgranddaughter.

By Thomas White

Twenty years ago the U.S. Congress passed theForeign Corrupt Practices Act, which prohibitsAmericans from bribing foreign public officialsto obtain business. The problem of corruption

internationally has received considerably greater atten-tion as recognition has grown of the tremendous costs itimposes on good governance, fair competition, economicdevelopment and efficiency. U.S. business has adjusted tooperating within the terms of the anti-bribery law overthe past two decades, but the lack of comparable prohibi-tions on off shore bribery in other countries has createdan uneven playing field for American companiesengaged in international business. American firms esti-mate they lose billions of dollars in international com-mercial contracts each year because of bribery by com-peting foreign firms.

But the situation is about to change dramatically for thebetter. On Dec. 17, at the headquarters of the Organizationfor Economic Cooperation and Development in Paris,Secretary of State Madeleine Albright signed a bindinginternational Convention on Combating Corruption in

International Business Transactions. The agreementrequires the United States and 33 other major industrial-ized countries to enact legislation by the end of this yearto criminalize and provide “dissuasive” sanctions forbusiness-related bribes to foreign public officials.

The anti-bribery convention marks a major achieve-ment for the United States, which worked for more than20 years to reach such an agreement with major U.S. com-mercial competitors. It’s also a major achievement for theDepartment and for the Bureau of Economic andBusiness Affairs, which led the negotiation effort.

This diplomatic victory hinged on a team concept.Former Secretary Warren Christopher and then–EB assis-tant secretary Daniel Tarullo led a broad, multi-agencyeffort in 1994. They forged with the United States part-ners a general anti-bribery recommendation and anagreement to a program for the new OECD WorkingGroup on Bribery.

The State team was broad based, since the anti-briberyeffort touched on legal, international commerce, account-ing, procurement, taxation and other issues, and the

24 State Magazine

Combating International Bribery

The author is director of the Office of Investment Affairs.

Secretary Madeleine Albright signs the anti-bribery treaty in Paris. Looking on are Finland’s deputy minister of finance, JukoSkianari, left, and Rodrigo de Rato-Figaredo, vice president of Spain’s government and trade ministry.

BBuurreeaauu ooff tthhee MMoonntthh:: EEccoonnoommiicc aanndd BBuussiinneessss AAffffaaiirrss

application of these concepts from Australia to East Asiato Europe to Latin America to North America.

The Bureau worked closely with the Office of the LegalAdvisor, the Bureau for International Narcotics and LawEnforcement Affairs and the Bureau of InternationalOrganizations Affairs, and with the Department’s region-al bureaus, particularly the Bureau of European Affairs,including the U.S. Mission to the OECD.

Overseas posts also contributed to the effort, both interms of analysis of local attitudes, laws and regulationsand through frequently testy exchanges with foreign gov-ernment representatives as key decisions approached.

The EB-led team concept was replicated at the inter-agency level. A clear and compelling national interest inadvancing this issue, shared by all involved agencies, setthe tone for this process. Representatives from the Justice,

Commerce and Treasury Departments and from theOffice of the U.S. Trade Representative and the Securitiesand Exchange Commission played important roles,including their Cabinet-level leadership. Secretary ofCommerce Robert Daley chaired the U.S. delegation tothe annual OECD ministerial meeting last spring, settingthe course for December’s historic anti-bribery conven-tion. The signing of the anti-bribery convention is animportant achievement for U.S. diplomacy, and illus-trates the key role the Foreign Service performs inadvancing concrete American economic interests abroad.The outcome will directly benefit honest American com-panies doing business overseas—with all the attendantjob and export implications—while furthering U.S.efforts to foster economic reform, development and thedemocratization process internationally. �

February 25

By Audrey B. Huon-Dumentat

These days, we have too many communicationchoices. As efficient as many of these choices can be,they also have their failures. Faxes disappear into thinair. Phone messages left on answering machines gomysteriously unanswered. E-mails are left hanging inthin air with no acknowledgment or answer.

Any communication exchange is only as good as thelowest-technology equipment used to conduct it. Yoursuper-duper fax machine can’t “talk” to your counter-part’s 1960s version. Your slower-than-molasses modemdownloads gorgeous, full-color graphics from the web,when all you needed was one address! You distributesomething on paper because the Internet is not yet therage, and the Secretary of State publishes the same thingelectronically. Then you discover that the Secretary’sversion went out differently from yours because theword processing program didn’t convert the table rightor the last-minute change didn’t get hand-entered cor-rectly. Is technology working for us or against us?

E-mail is everyone’s favorite technology, but itseems to be overrated. It can take days for a messageto get to me through the SMTP censor. Who is SMTPanyway? The IM personal mail gestapo?

Sometimes e-mail goes down for days, leaving mostof us wondering why those folks in the Departmentare ignoring us. There are also the spooky electronicfits and starts. The phantom “this vs-mail user isunknown to the system” message appears, and younever find out whether the “unknown” user receivedit or not. Or you get a message indicating non receiptand find out later that the person got it anyway.

Just what do you do when someone’s e-mail box isfull and won’t accept your message? You could always

resort to sending it by fax, if you can find a fax num-ber. They’re unlisted in most white pages. You could,as a last resort, send your message through theslow-boat pouch, but that hardly qualifies as a realcommunication solution these days.

Have you ever played e-mail and audix tag? Everwished that secretaries were not becoming an endan-gered species at State? I’ve spent days trying to catchsomeone on the phone when a complicated problemrequired a real conversation.

I guess this is just part of doing business globally.There‘s no secret recipe for making sure a messagegets passed well and answered. At least they don’t killthe messenger anymore as they did in the old days ofdiplomacy, although I’ve been sorely tempted to take abat to my computer when I get the message that some-one’s e-mail box is full.

For most routine things, e-mail is the way to go, butI admit this only with a sigh of resignation. It’s quickenough for most purposes, and qualifies as more orless “record” traffic since it can be documented.

I used to prefer cables, but nowadays they seem to tickpeople off, so I’ve joined the kinder-and-gentler bureau-cratic ranks. Now, when action is necessary and needs tobe traceable, my personal preference is the Stone Ageyellow routing and transmittal slip, Optional Form 41, tobe precise. My second choice is the tried-and-trueinteroffice memo, though I don’t go so far as to use thestandard form because it’s an oddball size that won’twork with my printer. And even if it could, I can’t figureout how to format it correctly so it prints out right.

The author is assistant general service officer at the embassyin Dakar, Senegal.

Technology Blues

HanoiPost of the Month:

Building Toward a NewFuture in Vietnam

U.S. diplomats began returning to Vietnam only threeyears ago. In January 1995 State set up a liaisonoffice, and in August 1995 then-Secretary WarrenChristopher opened the American embassy in Hanoi,with Desaix Anderson as chargé d’affaires.Ambassador Douglas “Pete” Peterson arrived inHanoi on May 9, 1997, to begin work as the first U.S.ambassador to postwar Vietnam.

mbassador Peterson was an inspiredchoice for the position—a former con-gressman and a former prisoner of war

who spent more than six years at the Hoa Lo prison,dubbed the “Hanoi Hilton” by some POWs.

Since the early 1990s, Ambassador Peterson, a formerFlorida congressman, had returned to Vietnam severaltimes to bolster reconciliation efforts, and even visited hisold jail cell.

“This is a historic event and the beginning of a new eraof constructive relations between Vietnam and the UnitedStates,” he said as he arrived at Hanoi’s Noi Bai interna-tional airport to assume his ambassadorial post.

Vietnamese well-wishers, American veterans and busi-ness representatives welcomed the ambassador underthe sweltering sun, as he told them his top diplomaticpriority was to seek “the fullest possible accounting ofpersons missing from the war.” More than 2,000Americans are officially missing from the war.

Ambassador Peterson also called for the conclusion ofa trade agreement with Vietnam. “Simply put, the U.S.policy is to help Vietnam become a prosperous country, atpeace with its neighbors and fully integrated into thismost dynamic region of the world,” he said.

Since his latest arrival in Vietnam, he has worked withForeign Service and Department of Defense personnel toimplement U.S. foreign policy, protect American citizens,advance American business interests and provide aworking and living environment able to support thisactive mission.

Since January 1995, the embassy staff has grown toinclude some 50 direct-hire American and 130 localemployees, representing State, the U.S. InformationService, the Foreign Commercial Service, the ForeignAgricultural Service, the Defense Attachés Office, theJoint Task and the Force–Full Accounting, and a Centersfor Disease Control physician. The embassy’s constituentpost in Ho Chi Minh City, with a dozen Americans andnearly 40 Vietnamese employees, also includes represen-tatives of the Immigration and Naturalization Service.

The embassy’s work is exciting, but hectic. In the lastyear, owing to the United States’ constructive engage-ment with Vietnam, the two countries signed a copyrightagreement and are making progress toward science andtechnology, trade, and aviation agreements.

The gratification of helping make a difference for bothcountries is a much-needed compensation for the diffi-cult working conditions. The chancery is in the third yearof reconstruction, and before the project is completed, thesearch is already on for a site for a new embassy.

The embassy’s housing pool includes apartments andsingle-family homes. Only seven employees reside at thediplomatic compound built by the host government. Inthe urban European tradition, the houses are tall ratherthan sprawling. It’s not unusual for a 1,000-square-foothouse to have three levels.

Much of Hanoi has an almost medieval flavor.Different guilds have different streets on which theyhawk their wares. To this day, there is a silk street, a met-alworkers’ street, a goldsmiths’ street and the newcom-ers: streets devoted specifically to plumbing fixtures,tiles, rubber hoses, bookbags, wedding dresses, TVs,kitchen appliances, raincoats, sports equipment, watertanks and other goods.

28 State Magazine

Post of the Month: Hanoi

APhotos by Robert Carlson

A street vendor offers yams for sale.

The full range of what’s available is within one block,and the proximity keeps the prices in check. There arealso Western incursions, such as the Czech crystal storeswith Western prices and local supermarkets with coun-terfeit electronic goods.

Although most Americans’ images of Vietnam are of anation at war 20 years ago, today’s Vietnam is a dynam-ic, changing young nation. Sixty percent of its 77 millioncitizens were born after 1975. Vietnamese youth frequentdiscos with names like Metal and Roxy, speak or arestudying English and cruise the streets on Honda Dreammotorbikes.

Hanoi’s traffic is a mixture of bicycles, motorcycles,cars and trucks going at different speeds, no traffic lights,and pedestrians walking across all of this. There are sev-eral theories of roadway survival. One theory is that thetraffic is a river and you are a rock it flows around; anoth-er advises never to look back since no one else does; stillanother, never stop because you’ll cause an accident.

“Never stop” is the advice the entire embassy staff inHanoi appears to be following as it strives to expand therelationship between the United States and Vietnam andto advance U.S. national interests in Southeast Asia. �

30 State Magazine

Right, the U.S. embassy in Hanoi. Below, bicycles and motor-bikes serve as the primary transportation on Lan Ha Road,the street outside the embassy.

By Daniel Fern

An information manage-ment specialist and politicalofficer posted in Hanoiexplored the heart ofVietnam during a 1,200-mile bike ride from Hanoi toHo Chi Minh City.

The sun was just starting to rise. Itwas Saturday, and I was among agroup of nine bicyclists—oneAustralian, one Vietnamese andseven Americans—en route toHighway 1. By the time we reachedthe highway, it was already congest-ed with vehicles. Since the road wascompletely blocked by traffic, wepicked up our bikes and walked onthe railroad tracks along this stretch

disappear. The children became thehighlight of the trip.

It rained for less than two hoursduring the entire 14-day trip. Westopped often to take photos and gotto know several of the beautiful citiesas we passed through them—Hue,Da Nang and Hoi An, among them.

On the final day of our trip, horrif-ic traffic forced us to concentrate onjust riding the final 50 kilometersinto Ho Chi Minh City. It wasn’tuntil we crossed the Saigon Bridgethat we knew we’d made it, one flattire, two bruises and 400 pictureslater. Only a climb up Mount Everestcould exceed the feeling of accom-plishment. I wonder if Ted Osiuswill put that trip together, too? �

February 31

Vietnam on two Wheels

The author is an information managementspecialist in Hanoi.

Political Officer Ted Osius and Information Management Specialist Daniel Fern on the trip with just over 900 miles to go.

of highway, bypassing the traffic.The farther we rode from Hanoi, thequieter it became. There were fewerhorns honking, fewer cars andmotorbikes.

In the countryside, we were greet-ed by children who came out ofnowhere to greet us and ask ournames. They waved their little armsvigorously and jumped with joy. Ioften found that the children’senthusiasm helped me forget myfrustrations with the Vietnamese busdrivers who sometimes intentional-ly tried to run us off the road. Busand truck drivers were fast and reck-less and constantly honked theirhorns—reminding me of what I dis-liked about living in Vietnam. Butthen a young child would run up tothe side of the road with a big smileand greeting, and my frustrations

Post of the Month: Hanoi

By Elizabeth Kauffman

When Public Affairs Officer William Bacharrived in Hanoi in September 1995, everytask needed attention: furnishing officespace, hiring and training a staff, mapping

a public diplomacy plan and explaining to Vietnamesecounterparts how educational exchange and informationprograms contribute to building a solid relationship. Inaddition, Mr. Bach acted as embassy press liaison, arrang-ing press releases, briefings, media interviews and pressconferences for U.S. officials.

By 1997, an American assistant and six Vietnameseemployees had joined Bach in administering exchange andinformation programs focused on market-oriented eco-nomics and the legal foundations of a civil society. Plansare under way this year for a Ho Chi Minh City branch.

A 20-year hiatus in State’s Vietnam presence createsgaps in mutual understanding that can be filled only bytwo-way personal exchanges. The Fulbright Program,initiated in Vietnam in 1992, enrolls some 30 Vietnameseofficials, scholars and professionals annually in graduateprograms at leading American universities. At theFulbright Learning Center in Ho Chi Minh City,

American Fulbright lecturers offer rigorous courseworkin principles of market economy decision making tomore than 150 business executives and economic policymakers from throughout the country. In 1997, the pro-gram began funding American graduate student researchin Vietnam. Plans for 1998 include placing American lec-turers at seven universities throughout Vietnam to teachand consult in various disciplines.

Besides academic exchanges, the U.S. InformationService annually funds up to 30 one-month internationalvisitor programs, matching selected Vietnamese opinionleaders—lawmakers, educators, editors, artists and jour-nalists—with their American counterparts. They discusssuch issues as consumer rights, sustainable development,U.S. commercial law or the role of women in U.S. politics.American speakers and specialists travel to Vietnam todiscuss specific issues with counterparts.

In one such program, the suggestions of an Americanexpert in commercial law, conferring with lawmakers onVietnam’s draft commercial code, resulted in a code morecompatible with international norms. Other programs have

32 State Magazine

The author is a country affairs officer with East Asian/Pacific Affairs.

USIS VietnamPost of the Month: Hanoi

A Day at the Races

By Robert Richard Downes

I’ve taken on many different assignments and tasksduring my Foreign Service career. I investigatedmurders and visited prisons during my consular

days, accompanied local police as they ran steam-rollers over hundreds of pirated tapes and watches,and engaged in all-night negotiating sessions involv-ing literally billions of dollars of multilateral assis-tance programs.

But I never expected to represent my country bydriving in a sulky race as I did at the MariendorfTrabrennbahn in Berlin on German-American Friend-ship Day.

A sulky is a seat suspended over two wheels andpulled by a horse at up to 40 miles per hour. In manyrespects, sulky racing is similar to the chariot races inBen Hur, but the horses trot rather than run and it’sconsidered bad form to hit your opponents with awhip or run into their sulkies with spiked wheels.

I was introduced to sulky racing during a staff meet-ing at the U.S. embassy in Berlin. The mayor of

Templehof was looking for American representativesto drive in the special German-American FriendshipCup race. As a Texan who had done some minor rodeoriding in high school, I found this was too intriguingan opportunity to pass up.

Germany requires eight to 10 hours of instructionbefore you can drive a sulky, even in an amateur race.I squeezed in the training time before work and onweekends.

The race was 1,900 meters, or one-and-a-half timesaround the track, and I was fortunate to have the cov-eted first-place position in the center of the track. Asthe only American among the nine drivers, I felt extrapressure to do well.

As we passed the crowd for the first time, I was inthird place and gaining on the second horse. Suddenlya horse’s head appeared over my shoulder, and thehorse began to kick my cart. My own horse, Jump forJoy, picked up speed. As we completed the first lap, Iwas still in third place and moving faster to overtakenumber two. The crowd went wild as we neared thefinish line, but sadly the cheers were not for me. In thelast 300 meters while I was zipping along at 65 kilo-meters per hour, three other horses slipped by me. Yetfor the only beginner in the race, fifth place wasn’t sobad. After all, there’s always next year!

The author is a Foreign Service officer assigned as treasury representative to the embassy in Berlin.

included seminars on intellectual property rights protec-tion or American regionalism. Under the Citizen ExchangeProgram, projects initiated by American non governmentalorganizations and academic institutions result in learningand institutional links. A growing Information ResourceCenter in Hanoi provides timely articles and policy infor-mation to key Vietnamese opinion makers.

USIS promotes understanding of the United Statesthrough book donations to Hanoi University, an EnglishTeaching Fellow at the Institute of InternationalRelations, a Library Fellow at Can Tho University, a

February 33

series of book translations, and a university affiliationbetween the University of San Francisco and HanoiNational University Law School.

The agency also promotes U.S.-Vietnam cooperation inthe fields of educational reforms, and encourages pri-vately funded educational exchange. Under a coopera-tive agreement with the Institute for InternationalEducation, USIS provides information on higher educa-tion in the United States to Vietnamese students andinstitutions and promotes contacts between Americanand Vietnamese universities. �

By Donna MilesPhotos by Rosalie Dangelo

uring 21 years at State, Rosalie Dangelo hasbeen a public information specialist, a per-sonnel specialist and an ombudsman forCivil Service employees. But it wasn’t until

1980, when she bought a new camera, that she realizedshe’s something else, too—an artist.

“Once I got that camera, I started to see things througha different set of eyes,” said Ms. Dangelo, now serving adetail in the Department’s Africa Bureau. “Photographygave me an opportunity to focus my mind in a totally dif-ferent way, to be free to get closer to things and see beau-ty in them.”

Much of Ms. Dangelo’s work centers around nature—birds, flowers, light dancing on bodies of water. She’s

34 State Magazine

SSTTAATTEE OOFF TTHHEE AARR TTSS

Focusing on Art

Rosalie Dangelo

By John Bentel

The State of the Arts Cultural Series recently hostedChechen-born cellist Tanya Anisimova, who won firstprize at the prestigious Prague Young ArtistsInternational Competition at the age of 15. Ms.Anisimova’s program of Bach compositions, played onan Italian cello over 100 years old, began with Suite I,Prelude. She segued into Suite II, Prelude Sarabande inD minor, and concluded with Partita III, Preludio Loure.The program continued with improvisational music,concluding with an encore of “The Flight of the BumbleBee” performed at a breakneck speed.

Returning for his fifth appearance at the State of theArts Cultural Series, former Foreign Service OfficerSteven Alan Honley performed a recital of “Music byAmerican Composers.” An accomplished instrumental-ist, singer, and composer, Mr. Honley directs music at anAlexandria, Va., church, is assistant conductor of theWashington area Friday Morning Music Club Chorale

February 35

SSTTAATTEE OOFF TTHHEE AARR TTSStraveled extensively pursuing her art, to Italy, NewZealand, Sweden, Belgium and The Netherlands, as wellas Florida and the American Southwest. Most recently,she traveled to Albuquerque, N.M., to capture images ofholiday luminaries.

But Ms. Dangelo considers herself a simple photogra-pher. She owns just two lenses, prefers taking her film toa lab over processing it herself, and bought a tripod onlyafter she realized she needed one in the darkness of therain forest. “I don’t work with a lot of gadgets,” she said.“All I need is my camera and whatever it is that touchesme visually.”

“Photography provides me a creative outlet, a chanceto expand myself beyond what I do at the office eachday,” Ms. Dangelo said. “I’ve had people come up to mewhen I’m shooting and say, “You look so happy!” And Irealize that when I’m photographing, I’m smiling.”

Department Hosts Concertsand has long been part of the choral program at GeorgeWashington University.

Mr. Honley started his most recent State performancewith several Edward MacDowell selections, including“New England Idyls,” “In Puritan Times” and “SeaIdyls”. He also played his organ version of Charles Ives’“Variations on America,” then offered short selectionsfrom Leonard Bernstein’s “Anniversaries” series and theDutch hymn “We Gather Together.”

Mr. Honley was a Foreign Service officer from 1985 to1997. Following postings in Mexico and New Zealand, heserved in the Bureau of Political-Military Affairs, theBureau of African Affairs and the Board of Examiners. Heled the Ambassadors of Song and played French horn inthe Diplomatic Brass Ensemble and was State Magazine’sfirst regular music critic from 1990 to 1994. He left theForeign Service to pursue a career as a freelance musicianand writer.

What’s the State of the Arts at your office or post?

State Magazine is looking for artists within theDepartment: musicians, singers, creative writers,photographers, actors, painters and the wholerange of other gifted individuals we collectively referto as artists. If you or someone you know fills thebill, drop us a note at the mailing or e-mail addresson the inside front cover.

The author is a computer specialist in the Executive Secretariat.

Lynton, England

36 State Magazine

Our baby is now sitting up andcrawling, and my family andfriends buy lots of toys for her.I’m not sure about the general

safety considerations when buying toysfor infants and toddlers. What should webe looking for before we give our infantsomething new to play with?—ARA

You’re correct in recognizingthat there are different safetyconcerns for each stage in ababy’s development. In gener-

al, all infant toys should be washablebecause they are mouthed frequentlyand passed around, spreading germs.Toys with hard plastic, rubber or othercleanable surfaces should be washedand disinfected in a mild bleach solutionat least once a day. Another safety guide-line is to be sure that all parts of anyinfant toy are at least 1 1/4 inch in diam-eter so they can’t be swallowed, and thatstuffed animals are not so large or heavythat they could suffocate children.

Shatterproof mirrors washable dolls and stuffed ani-mals with riveted eyes soft stacking blocks and nestingtoys and cloth, vinyl or board books are safe and appro-priate toys for the first year. But rattles warrant specialconsideration. The Product Safety Commission recom-mends against giving a rattle smaller than 1 3/8 by 2inches to a baby because it could lodge in the baby’swindpipe and cause suffocation. For 1- to 2-year-olds,pull toys with strings no longer than 12 inches bookswith cloth or cardboard pages large-sized snap-togetherbeads and blocks banging musical instruments such asxylophones large-sized crayons, watercolors or nontoxicmarkers and puzzles with knobs and a few large piecesare both safe and appropriate choices.

I have the distinction of being a male “babyboomer.” As I age, I’m wondering if there areany particular health risks for my generation.Are there specific things, besides maintaining

normal weight, not smoking or drinking to excess andkeeping an active lifestyle, that I should be doing to pro-tect my health?—NEA

Male baby boomers, that group of men bornbetween 1947 and 1954, have no specific healthrisks other than those of the normal agingprocess. The big four risks are skin cancer,

prostate cancer, colon cancer and diseases ofthe heart and blood vessels—diseases thatare curable when diagnosed and treated inthe early stages. Yet some people, particular-ly men, don’t take advantage of the screen-ing and preventative measures their doctorsoffer, and seek out medical attention onlywhen a problem arises.

Beginning at about age 40, it’s advisableto have a blood pressure reading yearly, andmore frequently if it’s abnormal. Also rec-ommended are annual checks for colon andprostate cancer, with either a rectal exami-nation, a blood test or a special visual colonexam. Testicular self-exams should be con-ducted every three months. In addition,maintaining a weight near the ideal, stick-ing to a regular exercise program, and eat-ing a low-cholesterol diet that’s rich in veg-etables, fruit and grains all contribute to ahealthy lifestyle.

I get cold sores when I’m sick, if Ihave a fever, if I’m out in the sunand if I get very angry or upset.Sometimes I get them for no appar-

ent reason. I’ve heard of at least 100 treatments, fromapplying ice to smallpox vaccinations to painting thelesions with a variety of ugly, bad-tasting liquid concoc-tions. Is there a cure? Is there anything that will helpreduce the frequency or the pain or the length of time Ihave these miserable sores?—AF

The bad news is that there’s no cure for the her-pes simplex virus, the one responsible for coldsores and fever blisters, and some 20 percent ofAmerican adults are affected and have an aver-

age of three eruptions each year. Recently introducedmedicines such as Acyclovir, also called Zovrax, havebeen associated with shortening the course of the out-break. A new medicine called Peniclovir has been partic-ularly promising. It comes as an ointment and is applieddirectly to the sores to block the virus from replicating itsDNA. The pre-eruption pain is lessened, and the courseof the outbreak is shortened by as much as 25 percent. Asthe sores are healing, it’s important to avoid letting fluidfrom the blister come in contact with others, as the viruscan be transmitted to others.

AA SS KK DD RR .. DD UU MM OO NN TTBY CEDRIC DUMONT, M.D.

This column appearsmonthly in State Magazine.Whether you are servingoverseas or at home, you areencouraged to get yourquestions answered in thesepages. Write to the editoror to Dr. Dumont directly.In either case, your post will not be identified.

The author is chief of the Department’s Office of MedicalServices.

February 37

Karl Ackerman, 70, former assistantsecretary of State for Security, diedSept. 21 in Bethesda, Md. Hejoined the Foreign Service in 1949,serving as a security officer inRome, with later postings in Paris,Taipei, Oslo and Bangkok. InWashington, Mr. Ackerman wasdeputy executive secretary, execu-tive director of the Bureau of Inter-

American Affairs and director of Foreign Service assign-ments. He retired in 1982.

Earl A. Ambre, 68, a retired person-nel management specialist, diedNov. 12 in Phoenix, Ariz. Mr.Ambre joined the Department in1979, managing its retirementplanning and career transitionprograms until his own retirementin 1995.

Barbara Candelaria, 67, died Aug. 8in Prescott, Ariz. While accompa-nying her husband, retiredForeign Service Officer BenjaminCandelaria, on overseas tours,Mrs. Candelaria worked for theDepartment. She served in severaloffices in Nairobi and headed uphealth units in Havana andMaputo. She left State when herhusband retired in 1990.

Gabrielle Teresa DeThomas, 15,daughter of Joseph DeThomas,deputy chief of mission in Vienna,and Karen DeThomas, died Dec. 1in Vienna. She was a student at theAmerican International School inVienna and had accompanied herparents to assignments in Mexicoand Addis Ababa before arrivingin Vienna last August. (See relatedstory, page 39).

Dwight Dickinson III, 80, ambassador to Togo from 1970 to1974, died Sept. 24 in Newport, R.I. Mr. Dickinsonentered the Foreign Service in 1946 and served in MexicoCity, Curaçao, Beirut, Rabat, Paris, New York andWashington. He retired in 1974.

Robert L. Gingles, 62, a retiredForeign Service officer who servedin the Bureau of Administration,died Sept. 4 in Buenos Aires. Hejoined the Foreign Service in 1966and served in Washington, Yaounde,Sofia, Islamabad, Paris, BuenosAires, Rome, Tehran, Mexico Cityand Paris. He retired in 1984.

Parker T. Hart, 87, former assistantsecretary of State for Near East andSouth Asian Affairs from 1959 to1961 and ambassador to threecountries, died Oct. 15 inWashington. He spent 31 years inthe Foreign Service, serving asambassador to Saudi Arabia,Turkey and Kuwait and minister toSyria and Yemen before being

named director of the Foreign Service Institute. Heretired in 1969.

Billy N. Hughes, 73, died Sept. 18 in Nashville, Tenn. Mr.Hughes joined the Department in 1951, with postings inHong Kong, Panama, Washington and Orlando, Fla. Heretired from the Office of Diplomatic Security in 1987.

Richard T. Kennedy, 78, undersecretary of State forManagement from 1981 to 1982 and ambassador-at-largefrom 1982 to 1993, died Jan. 12 in Washington. After 30 yearsin the Army, he held positions on the National SecurityCouncil staff, and served as deputy assistant to thePresident for National Security Planning and on theNuclear Regulatory Commission. Ambassador Kennedybecame special adviser to the Secretary of State for Non-Proliferation Policy and Nuclear Energy Affairs, and theU.S. representative to the International Atomic EnergyAgency in Vienna, where he chaired the board of governors.He chaired the steering committee of the Organization forEconomic Cooperation and Development’s Nuclear EnergyAgency, serving as the U.S. representative. He retired fromState in 1993.

OO BB II TT UU AA RR II EE SS

Goodwin Shapiro, 76, a retiredForeign Service officer, died June25 in El Paso, Texas. Mr. Shapirojoined the Department after WorldWar II in an administrative capaci-ty before becoming an aide toAmbassador Daniel Bell andAmbassador Arthur Dean. Heentered the Foreign Service in 1956and served in Mexico, SouthKorea, Spain and Argentina before

becoming deputy director of the Office of SpecialConsular Services. He retired in 1980.

Henry L. Taylor, 79, a retired Foreign Service officer, diedAug. 25 in Jacksonville, Fla. Mr. Taylor joined State in1943 and served in Bogota, Buenaventura, Grenada,

38 State Magazine

OO BB II TT UU AA RR II EE SS

Tegucigalpa, Sao Paulo, San Luis Potosi, Mexico City,Panama, Islamabad, Tehran and Washington, D.C. Hewas a desk officer for Costa Rica, Guatemala andNicaragua, served in Panama City during the 1964 riotsand coordinated Cuban Affairs in Miami during the firstairlift. He retired in 1974.

State Magazine welcomes contributions tothe obituary column in the format displayed.Every effort will be made to return photos.Magazine policy is to publish obituaries of StateDepartment employees or retirees and immediatefamily members of current Department workers atthe family’s request.

Berg Celebrates Golden AnniversaryJohn H.R. Berg, chief of the Travel and Visitors Unit at the U.S. embassy in Paris, recently celebrated 50

years of federal service—48 with State.Mr. Berg began his govern-

ment service in 1947, workingfor the U.S. Army after fleeingNazi Germany. He joined theembassy staff in Paris twoyears later.

To commemorate his goldenanniversary, Ambassador FelixG. Rohatyn presented Mr. Bergwith a 50-year Length of ServiceAward and the Secretary’sCareer Achievement Award. Hisservice was commended on thefloor of the U.S. Senate, with theCongressional Record entry:“ . . . be it resolved, it is the senseof the Senate that John H.R.Berg deserves the highest praisefrom the Congress for his stead-fast devotion, caring leadershipand lifetime of service to theUnited States government.”

Ambassador and Mrs. Felix G. Rohatyn commend John H.R. Berg for 50 years ofU.S. government service. Mrs. Berg is on the left.

State Workers Rally to Comfort Grieving Family

By Joseph M. DeThomas

Our 15-year-old daughter, Gabrielle, went to bedearly Nov. 30 feeling nauseous and achy. We puther to bed, made her as comfortable as we could,

agreed she should stay home from school in the morningand told her we would take her to the doctor in the morn-ing if she still felt ill. She went to sleep and died of bacte-rial meningitis during the night, devastating our family,diminishing the amount of light in the world, but alsounleashing a surge of support from the American com-munity in Vienna, the Foreign Service and theDepartment. Our family lost its brightest light and great-est hope, but it was rescued by the Foreign Service andexpatriate American family.

I returned home from the office to be told the newsabout Gaby by my wife. Our first moments of agony werespent alone. Within minutes, however, members of theembassy community began to arrive. First, Robbi Keyescame to hold my wife and comfort her, while I tried tomake sense of this disaster and provide information to therescue squad and the Vienna police. Thereafter, a streamof embassy personnel and family members arrived to takeus and the situation in hand. Regional Psychiatrist JanetMules, Regional Medical Officer John Keyes, RegionalSecurity Officer Tony Richards, Consular Foreign ServiceNational Michael Strahberger and AdministrativeCounselor Steven White assumed the practical tasks ofdealing with the Austrian authorities.

Perhaps more importantly, an army of embassy andnonofficial Americans organized themselves by somemagic unapparent to us, keeping us functioning, healthyand, above all, company. Ambassador Kathryn Hall andher husband, Craig, and their fellow Vienna chiefs of mis-sion John Ritch and Sam Brown led the way. In particu-lar, Ambassador Hall and her husband encouragedembassy personnel and families to visit us, rather thankeep the traditional distance and space neither of uswanted or needed.

Christina Ritch and Alison Teal Brown spent the nextfour days holding the our hands and warding off despairwith patience, conversation and hugs. Anne Snyder andher husband, Deputy Chief of Mission Joe Snyder of theU.S. mission to the U.N. organizations in Vienna, with theomnipresent and tireless Dr. Mules, ran the equivalent ofa four-day wake—organizing hundreds of visits, phonecalls, prayer services, meals and crying jags. The English-speaking clergy and churches of Vienna galvanized andfocused the prayers of hundreds of well-wishers. Eachcarried at least a small piece of our grief away with them.

Robbi Keyes and other mothers recognized that our 9-year-old son, Ben, needed a break from the drama play-ing out in our residence. They organized play dates to

allow him time with children his own age. One littlefourth grader who lived down the street invited Ben toplay. He followed up with a special written invitationdesigned to appeal to the mind of a 9-year-old boy.

Calls from the Department and other U.S. governmentagencies began as soon as Washington awoke to the newsof Gabrielle’s death. Our gang of embassy spouses andFSNs, including Donna Craven, Marilyn Wipple, WaltraudLenzhofer and Margit Kubinecz, ensured that we were notoverwhelmed by the phone, but managed to keep a flow ofvisitors and calls coming to us to keep us talking. They tooktheir job seriously. When the Secretary called one nightafter we had gone to bed, it took some serious negotiationwith our phone screener to get her put through to our bed-room. And above all, my secretary, Margie Douglas, mydriver, Eric Fuchs, and the DCM residence staff refused torest if there was a single burden they could lift from us.

My own past came back to haunt me in a most positiveway. Colleagues from UNVIE, including Mark Fitzpatrick,Ira Goldman, Roy Simpkins and Sam Boskin, took turnssitting with me, letting me rage at the universe or remi-nisce about Gaby. The same continued after we left Vienna.We accompanied our child’s body home Dec. 5, and weremet at Washington’s Dulles Airport by John Feeney andRuth van Heuven of the European Bureau’s Austria,Germany, Switzerland office. Colleagues from 20 years ofForeign Service life called, visited and sat with us at thevisitation and funeral for Gabrielle. My assistant secre-taries, deputy assistant secretaries and ambassadors fromcurrent and past assignments all stepped forward.

Gaby’s burial Dec. 8 in Arlington, Va., marked the endof the longest and most disastrous week of our lives. Wewould not have survived it without the support and careof an extended Foreign Service family accumulated with-out our knowing it over 20 years. Karen and I often com-plained that our transient lifestyle and my position asDCM deprived us of friends and companionship. At ourdarkest moment, however, the bonds of our special com-munity tightened and held us up.

In our effort to recover from our loss, we have beenreading about how to deal with bereavement. Whetherby design or intuition, it is clear that our community didprecisely what the experts say should be done to comfortthe grief-stricken. We were borne through this worst ofpersonal disasters by hundreds of hugs and thousands ofprayers from a unique and extraordinary family. Whilewe know we have mentioned only a few of the peoplewho called, wrote, touched, hugged or prayed for us,each gesture was a gift beyond price. We will never for-get them. We love them all.

The author is deputy chief of mission at the U.S. embassy in Vienna.

February 39

40 State Magazine

For the past six years, dozens of Departmentemployees have been practicing the tenets ofboth Secretary Madeleine Albright and PresidentClinton by bringing their specialized skills to aWashington, D.C., inner-city school.

The Washington High Schools International StudiesPartnership, the outreach program instituted and run byour colleagues in partnership with multi-ethnicCardozo High School, meets the Secretary’s mandatethat Department employees enthusiastically reach outto the American people to create a greater understand-ing of how foreign policy affects their daily lives, andhow the Department goes about serving the public’sneeds and interests. The program also meets thePresident’s education initiative to ensure high-qualityeducation for all Americans.

When their help was declined at a district food shelteron Christmas Eve in 1991, the Tom Miller family learnedthat holidays can produce more volunteers than are need-ed. That experience helped Mr. Miller, currently ambassa-dor and special envoy for Cyprus, decide that meaningfulvolunteerism should last longer than the holiday seasonand should use volunteers’ special skills and talents.

He and Jock Covey, now senior director for Bosnia atthe National Security Council, recognized that theDepartment’s rich resources could enhance district stu-dents’ lives, so they initiated a program to bringDepartment officials and district high school studentstogether. The two agreed that a Model U.N. programwould be an ideal venue for their purposes, but learnedthat the district lacked the resources and budget to runone. They proposed a partnership with them supplyingthe foreign policy experts and raising private funding ifthe district would create a Model U.N. program.

The Washington High Schools International StudiesPartnership was launched in 1992 with 10 Departmentvolunteers, 30 Cardozo High School students and twoteachers. The program consists of two or three 10-weeksessions during the school year. Over the last six years,hundreds of students in grades 9 to 12 have participated,and more than 100 Department employees and seasonedModel U.N.ers at George Mason, George Washington andGeorgetown universities help with simulation exercises.

Ambassador Miller views the Model U.N. format “asan opportunity for students to build skills, learn andhave fun.” Through discussions with teachers and sub-

stantive officers, visits with country desk officers, tours ofState’s operations center and visits to foreign embassies,the students prepare themselves for simulation exerciseswhere they role-play as country representatives at a U.N.Security Council meeting and attempt to resolve a typicalinternational challenge. They leave the experience with agreater awareness of, interest in and appreciation forother cultures, foreign policy issues and the Department.They also develop many diplomatic skills useful in dailylife: communication, cooperation, leadership, teamwork,conflict resolution, negotiation and persuasion abilities.

The volunteers also provide more immediate and tan-gible rewards: a briefing by Recruitment’s Russell Taylorabout job and career opportunities, pizza and soft drinksin the Operations Center or Treaty Room, T-shirts, a tripfor some participants to the U.N. General Assembly tomeet the U.N. Secretary General and retail gift certificates.

After returning from a three-year tour abroad, theambassador wants to expand the program to involve stu-dents at all 13 district high schools. Through this effort, hehopes to encourage students to participate in theDepartment’s work-study and college scholarship pro-grams and, ultimately, to consider pursuing careers in for-eign affairs. He and other long-term participants hope toencourage more people in the Department to volunteer anhour or two each month to coach, mentor, role-play, shareexperiences, coordinate or provide administrative skills.

As Ambassador Miller said, “Tell us your strengths andwe’ll find a need.” Bureau of Inter-American Affairs’ AnniePforzheimer described the program as “an opportunity tobecome more connected with, and to give something backto, the community where we work.” Interested personsmay contact Elmira Bayrasli at (202) 647-0684. �

Giving Back to the Community

AACCCCEENNTT OONN OOUUTTRREEAACCHHBY DIANA WESTON

The “Accent on Outreach” page highlights the various ways our colleagues fulfill the Secretary’smandate to reach out to the American people. Ifyou have a story to share, contact Diana Weston,PA/PC, at (202) 647-5826.

The author is a public affairs specialist in PA’s Office ofCommunication.

Allt, Emily J., Pre-Assignment Training to TiranaArriaga, Robert D., Damascus to TunisAsdourian, Jon Dwight, Sofia to Diplomatic SecurityBailey, Laura A., Montevideo to San JoseBakas, Mary Ann, Budapest to European AffairsBandler, Donald Keith, Paris to National Security

CouncilBarron, Frederike A., Personnel to TokyoBates III, Frank, Moscow to Diplomatic SecurityBroadway, Jamuna D., Public Affairs to AthensBryan, Carol A., Istanbul to LimaBurnworth, Richard L., Bogota to AdministrationCampbell, Piper A., European Affairs to CroatiaCatt, Michael S., Moscow to European AffairsChalupsky, Steven J., Harare to LagosChatelain, Timmie Thomas, Phnom Penh to BanjulConte, Francis M., Bucharest to Port-au-PrinceCorn, Glenn, European Affairs to MoscowDavies, Joyce, Nairobi to La PazDee, Diane, Beijing to SofiaDesloover, Michel M., East Asian and Pacific Affairs

to RangoonEllis, Elizabeth Ann, Belgrade to Near Eastern AffairsEscobedo, George L., Diplomatic Security to

Administration, Information ManagementEvers, Alan, FS Specialist Intake to Office of Foreign

BuildingsFailla, Sebastian R., Vienna (OSCE) to MoscowFasciglione, Richard J., Port of Spain to DamascusFlanagan, Ellen M., Bonn to FrankfurtFlintrop, Martina T., Lomé to JohannesburgFoynes, Melissa Claire, London to Ho Chi Minh City Franke, Durwood L., Quito to Administration,

Information ManagementGabler, Bradley D., Brazzaville to Phnom PenhGelbard, Robert S., Personnel to Office of

the SecretaryGill, William, Mumbai to CasablancaGlaser, Kathleen M., N’Djamena to Tel AvivGlover, Kira Maria, Foreign Service Institute to

St. PetersburgGonzales, Rebecca E., Athens to BogotáGoodman, Andrew Lewis A., Miscellaneous Other

UO Agencies to Office of the SecretaryGrooms, James W., Hanoi to BogotáGuerrero Jr., Raymond J., Lima to La PazHahn, Helen H., Muscat to ParamariboHamilton Jr., Hugh G., Personnel to FrankfurtHampson, John M., Dublin to Foreign Service InstituteHarley, Joyce E., Phnom Penh to BudapestHarrison, Beverly O., Lisbon to AmmanHarter, Dennis G., Foreign Service Institute to HanoiHatfield, Thomas, Shanghai to Chennai (Madras)Hayes, Patricia G., European Affairs to Mexico CityHedges, William L., La Paz to MoscowHeileman, Carolee, Bamako to Foreign Service InstituteHerbst, John E., Office of the Secretary to JerusalemHermann, David C., Oceans & Int’l. Envir. & Sci. Affs

to Foreign Service InstituteHollander, Sharon C., FS Specialist Intake to BeijingHon, Laura T., Shanghai to Jakarta

House, Christopher, Lagos to NairobiHoward, Linda S., Caracas to NairobiHoyesen, Harald G., Diplomatic Security to Foreign

Buildings OfficeHughes, Lisa B. Schreiber, Foreign Service Institute

to CalgaryHughes, Sue A., Athens to BonnInemer, Timothy P., Inter-American Affairs to

ManaguaJackson, Linda L., Vienna (UNVIE) to AccraJackson, Marilyn F., Nairobi to CaracasJackson, Robert P., Foreign Service Institute to LisbonJaworski, Andreas O., European Affairs to BelgradeJohnson, Mark, Office of the Undersecretary for

Management to Office of the Inspector GeneralJojola, Rudolph R., Personnel to Kuala LumpurJones, John M., Ouagadougou to Office of the

Secretary of DefenseJones, Phyllis M., Muscat to NicosiaJones, Teresa Chin, Personnel to Administration,

Information ManagementJordan, Catherine A., Maputo to JakartaJorgenson, Mary C., Kuwait to AnkaraKash, Lesley, Paris to BucharestKaufmann, Judith R., Foreign Service Institute to

PersonnelKennedy, Laura-Elizabeth, European Affairs to

Foreign Service InstituteKennedy, Stephen W., Tokyo to East Asian and

Pacific AffairsKerr, Laurence M., Tbilisi to European AffairsKing, Frederick Edward, Manila to RangoonKirkpatrick, Alexander T., Personnel to AdministrationKlinger, Ross Leland, New Delhi to IslamabadKnotts, Bruce Fred, Karachi to SudanKornbluth, David A., Non-Governmental Organizations

to PersonnelKorpi, Ryan F., Lomé to CairoKritenbrink, Daniel Joseph, Sapporo to KuwaitKubiske, Lisa Jean, Office of the Secretary to Dep.

Spec. Rep. for Trade NegotiationsKwong, Ralph S., Berlin to SarajevoLambert, George G., Sarajevo to FrankfurtLampitt, Edwin J., Almaty to MoscowLampkins, Kenneth J., Bangui to YaoundeLang, Stephan Allen, Havana to BangkokLapenn, Jessica, Riyadh to ParisLeather, Edmund R., Hamilton to BernLeberknight, Cheri J., Harare to MoscowLee, Jennifer M., European Affairs to BudapestLieberson, Donna P., Ottawa to PersonnelLowder, Todd S., Paris to WarsawMagoon, Beth L., Kiev to ViennaMahmood, Najib, FS Specialist Intake to Office of

Foreign BuildingsMalzahn, Karen Lee, Office of the Secretary to ManamaManley, David P., Foreign Service Institute to

Diplomatic SecurityMaybarduk, Gary H., Inter-American Affairs to HavanaMcIntosh, Brian H., Nassau to KuwaitMcWhirter, James A., Port-au-Prince to Beijing

February 41

FFOORREEIIGGNN SSEERRVVIICCEE PPEERRSSOONNNNEELL

Transfers (January)

Retirements (January)

Burns, Grace B., CanberraDe Vos, Peter Jon, Intransit-Costa RicaEmond, Richard Bernard, Administration,

Information ManagementGralnek, Maurice N., JakartaHamic, George A., Osaka KobeHarrison, Carl D., Diplomatic SecurityHayes, Joseph E., East Asian and Pacific AffairsHendrickson Jr., E. Mason, ManilaHoward Jr., Edwin W., Diplomatic SecurityHuff, James Gerhard, PersonnelKellner, Kenneth J., Diplomatic SecurityLecker, Frederick Charles, Diplomatic SecurityMackie, Nancy J., NairobiMcCray, Jimmie L., JerusalemMcDonald, Richard Henry, TiranaMcGhee, Joseph R., RomeMcGuire, Roger A., CanberraMutch, Frank K., PanamaQuainton, Anthony C. E., Dir. Gen. of For. Ser. &

Dir. of PersonnelQuinones, Carlos Kenneth, Intelligence and ResearchRansom, David M., Intransit-BahrainReams, Ronald Aubrey, CairoSimpkins, Leroy C., Vienna—U.N. MissionSwenson, Roger G., Political and Military AffairsWaight, James W., Diplomatic Security

Appointments (January)

Crittenberger, Katharine C., Arms Control andDisarmament Agency

Hadda, Katherine B., European AffairsLa Fleur, Christopher J., TokyoOleszycki, Charles R., Arms Control and

Disarmament AgencySmith, Glenn A., SUVA

Resignations (January)

Agiewich, Erica S., BucharestAtherton, Betty Chiang, BamakoBloom, Ricky M., Mexico CityBock, Andrew M., BudapestBoyle, Teresa Jeanene, AbidjanBradshaw, Mutsumi R., RangoonDinger, Paula G., SuvaGoodman, Julie, WindhoekGrant, Ward G., Belize CityJohnson, Natalie A., Executive SecretariatKeshap, Karen Young, RabatLaney, James T., SeoulLyew, Lloyd Yancy, MoscowMcHugh, Carol Weitz, SanaaMitchell, Sondra R., Manama

Transfers Continued

McCann, Jennifer A., Inter-American Affairs to LimaMcCracken, James E., Ulaanbaatar to PersonnelMcEldowney, Nancy E., Bonn to National Security

CouncilMcHale, Jonathan R., Tokyo to Dep. Spec.

Representative for Trade NegotiationsMeagher, Patrick Joseph, Yaounde to DhakaMemler, William H., Inter-American Affairs to SarajevoMilasi, Paolina, African Affairs to HarareMillion, Adda J., Frankfurt to WellingtonMitman, Matthias J., Economic & Business Affairs

to Office of the SecretaryMontgomery, Denise Dell, Diplomatic Security to

Mexico CityMontgomery, Steven A., Manila to NairobiMooney, William F., Intelligence and Research to

Oceans & Int’l. Envir. & Sci. Affs.Moore, Alice C., East Asian and Pacific Affairs

to BangkokMoore, Gloria L., FS Specialist Intake to LimaMorris, Margaret T., Personnel to Office of the SecretaryMyers, Martin H., Cairo to Abidjan

Myles, Marianne M., Personnel to NaplesNash, Louise A., Lima to GeorgetownNelsen, Larry A., Bern to LondonNemeth, Robert J., Inter-American Affairs to

Mexico CityNigro Jr., Louis John, Vatican to ConakryNoble, Aline Johnson, Brussels (USEU) to MadridNolan, Stephen James, Harare to NairobiNorton, James C., Seoul to BonnNuland, Victoria Jane, Non-Governmental

Organizations to Office of the SecretaryO’Brien, Geraldine H., Office of the Sec. to PersonnelOlson, Allen Kieth, Office of Foreign Buildings

to HungaryPage, Harriett E., Tunis to The HaguePates, Bonnie J., Amman to KuwaitPerina, Rudolf Vilem, European Affairs to Foreign

Service InstitutePinzino, Luigina E., Rome to VaticanPowers, Aubrey, Bangkok to FrankfurtRabette, David M., Near Eastern Affairs to RiyadhRobinson, Ronald Sinclair, Asmara to Rio de Janeiro

42 State Magazine

FFOORREEIIGGNN SSEERRVVIICCEE PPEERRSSOONNNNEELL

Monger, Judy A., JerusalemNasri, Fares Z., DamascusO’Connor, Edward W., GuatemalaPauly, Pamela E., MonroviaPolson, Virginia K., CongoRozinov, Rinat, Tel Aviv

Resignations Continued

Ross, Shannon M., Pre-Assignment Training to Rio de Janeiro

Sack, Larry A., FS Specialist Intake to Office ofForeign Buildings

Saloom III, Joseph A., African Affairs to BonnShea, Debra L., FS Specialist Intake to DhakaShear, Dean K., Santo Domingo to Diplomatic SecuritySmith, Jacqueline R., Lisbon to GuangzhouStein, Jerry A., Freetown to DamascusSteinmetz, Ingeborg B., Madrid to RomeStern, Edward D., European Affairs to ViennaStrickler, Theodore Eugene, Consular Affairs to

Office of the Undersecretary for ManagementTadie, Eugene Phillip, European Affairs to Tel AvivWalker, Thomas G., Caracas to Port-au-PrinceWasilewski, Roman Hugh, Intelligence and Research

to BogotaWharton, Royal M., Port Moresby to International

Org. AffairsWick, David Steven, Paramaribo to Foreign Service

InstituteWilkins, Catherine, Office of Foreign Buildings to

ColombiaWolfe II, James Andrew, Berlin to SarajevoWright, Glenda, East Asian and Pacific Affairs to

KoloniaYacenda, Frank J., Tirana to BrasiliaYacovoni, Rosemarie C., Lahore to Guangzhou

Rumold, Cindy L., CaracasShearer, Derek N., HelsinkiWalker, William Graham, Dept. of DefenseWharton, Ann Maria, Port MoresbyWotring, Joan K., La Paz

Information ManagementWinners Named

Demsas Abraha, a computer management specialistat the U.S. embassy in Addis Ababa, recently wasnamed the second winner of the Marion MiddlebrooksForeign Service National Information ManagementAward. Mr. Abraha was selected for the award basedon his service as de facto systems manager in AddisAbaba, and for the support he provided to theembassies in Asmara, Djibouti and N’Djamena. He alsoinstituted a training schedule and enhanced varioussystems that increased the posts’ networks and techno-logical abilities with limited funding.

Dario Valori from the U.S. embassy in Rome was runner-up in the competition. He was recognized for hisdatabase work and for his sustained initiatives and tech-nical expertise in planning and implementing upgrades.

Demsas Abraha, left, from the embassy in Addis Ababa,receives the Marion Middlebrooks Foreign ServiceNational Information Management Award from Patrick F.Kennedy, assistant secretary for Administration.

Promotions (January)

Appointments (January)

Reassignments (January)

Retirement (January)

Resignations (January)

February 43

CCIIVVIILL SSEERRVVIICCEE PPEERRSSOONNNNEELL

GG–11Chen, Ying Chih, Foreign Service Institute

GM–14Guzowski, Danuta U., Office of Civil Service

Ombudsman

GS–4Carson, Julie A., New Orleans Passport AgencyKeita, Kamilah, Information Resource ManagementSingleton, Ocenetta, New Orleans Passport Agency

GS–5Ellis, Beverly A., Houston Passport Agency

GS–6Adams, Karen, Office of Career Development &

AssignmentsWaako, Margaret R., Houston Passport Agency

GS–7Carter, Paula M., Bureau of Consular AffairsRilley, Joyce Ann, Bureau of Population, Refugees

and Migration

GS–8McDuffie, Sherry Ann, Office of the Chief Financial

Officer

GS–9Abramson, Sherrill M., Office of Foreign BuildingsAlexander, Mildred L., Washington Passport AgencyCanady, Monica A., Office of the Inspector GeneralDowd, Delores D., Office of the Inspector GeneralFeltes, Katrina N., Bureau of Inter-American AffairsHartranft, Amy E., Office of AuditsHilley, Carol R., East Asian and Pacific Affairs

Hughes, Joyce, Bureau of Consular AffairsMartin, Suzanne, Office of the Inspector GeneralMcDonald, Angela R., Office of the Inspector General

GS–11Bazemore, Lisa C., Office of the Chief Financial

OfficerCook, Michael Allen, Bureau of Consular AffairsWashington, Doretha K., Office of the Chief Financial

OfficerWilliams, Britany D., Washington Passport Agency

GS–12Creeser, Gregory J., Bureau of Political-Military AffairsFox, Barbara T., Foreign Service InstituteGimondo, Ronald L., Bureau of International Org. AffairsLaing, Peter, National Passport Center, Portsmouth, N.H.Martin, Timothy P., Bureau of Consular AffairsMcNeilly, Sandra J., Undersecretary for Political AffairsUrbanski, Sandra K., Bureau of Administration

GS–13Atkins, John B., Bureau of Consular AffairsFerry, Brenda W., Bureau of Diplomatic SecurityKieffer, Carolyn Anne, New Orleans Passport AgencyLee, Melanie Louise, Office of Foreign BuildingsMcKenna, Patricia L., Office of the Chief

Financial OfficerWorkman, Carol A., Bureau of Diplomatic Security

GS–14Davis, Stacy B., Bureau of Political-Military AffairsDeshong, Christopher L., Office of the Inspector GeneralHoffman, Michael A., New York Passport AgencyJohnson, Bernard A., Bureau of Diplomatic Security

GS–15May, Nancy C., Bureau of Intelligence and ResearchWhite, Craig M., Bureau of Political-Military Affairs

XP–7Powell, Earl L., Bureau of Administration, Information

ManagementSwann, Dale G., Bureau of Administration,

Information Management

XP–8Lyles, Carolyn M., Bureau of Administration,

Information Management

XP–9Cheatham, Donald, Bureau of Administration,

Information ManagementHolsendorff, Earl F., Bureau of Administration,

Information ManagementPoole, Raymond B., Bureau of Administration,

Information ManagementYoung, Ralph E., Bureau of Administration,

Information Management

Brooks, Maren, Office for Inter, Narc. and LawEnforcement

Calvert, Veronica, Office of the Chief FinancialOfficer

Goriup, Attilio E., Office of Foreign BuildingsHammes, David J., Office of Foreign BuildingsLytell, Melissa D., Consular AffairsMartin, Mary Darlene, Office of Foreign BuildingsMavlian, Sally H., Dir. Gen. of For. Ser. & Dir.

of PersonnelPadlan, Emmanuel D., Diplomatic SecurityPrince, Jonathan M., Public AffairsSanders, Sharon A., Diplomatic SecurityScotti, William H., Office of Overseas SchoolsWheeler-Wilcox, Shannon L., Consular Affairs

Brown, Sandy D., Public Affairs to Population,Refugees and Migration

Farwell, Janet E. L., Political-Military Affairs to Officeof the Legal Adviser

Leibbrandt, Susan D., Political-Military Affairs toEast Asian and Pacific Affairs

Epstein, David G., Diplomatic SecurityMarshall, Gloria Marie, Economic, Business and

Agricultural Affs.McCloughan, Jean G., Administration, Information

ManagementPfund, Peter H., Office of the Legal AdviserRoss, Russell R., Diplomatic SecurityRussell, Bessie L., Office of the Chief Financial Officer

Ahrens, Ruth E., Office of the Chief Financial OfficerBohnet, Anne Virginia, Foreign Service InstituteChoffel, Julie, Consular AffairsClinton, Cheri, Consular AffairsGrayson, Desean C., Population, Refugees and

MigrationGrier, Robin Y., Consular AffairsHeald, Lisa W., Inter. Narc. and Law Enforcement

Infor. Aff.Ioffreda, Angelo S., Economic & Business AffairsKramer, Cheryl L., Office of the Inspector GeneralLaFleur, Vinca Showalter, Public Affairs

Mols, Diana Lynn, Office of Foreign BuildingsMontgomery, Vivian E., Inter-American AffairsNalepa, Gregory A., Office of the Chief Financial OfficerNichols, Byron L., Washington Passport AgencyQuickenden, Christine L., Office of the Legal AdviserSinacore, Nicole, Office of the Inspector GeneralWilliams, Steven, Consular AffairsWithey, Alison, Asst Sec, Oceans & Int’l. Envir. &

Sci. Affs.Woods, Lamar G., Office of the Chief Financial

OfficerYu, Wai-Ming, Los Angeles Passport Agency

Parris, Lisa G., African Affairs to East Asian andPacific Affairs

Roach, Gary S., Dir. Gen. of For. Ser. & Dir. ofPersonnel to Washington Passport Agency

Shaw, Sharon T., Economic & Business Affairs toOffice of the Undersecretary for Global Affairs

Intensive Area Studies

East Asia (AR 220) 8 — 2 Weeks

Europe (AR 291) 8 — 2 Weeks

Inter-American Studies (AR 239) 8 — 2 Weeks

Near East/North Africa (AR 240) 8 — 2 Weeks

Russia/Eurasia (AR 281) 8 — 2 Weeks

South Asia (AR 260) 8 — 2 Weeks

Southeast Asia (AR 270) 8 — 2 Weeks

Sub-Saharan Africa (AR 210) 8 — 2 Weeks

Advanced Area Studies

Albania (AR 563) Insular Southeast Asia (AR 571)

Andean Republics (AR 533) Italy (AR 594)

Arabian Peninsula/Gulf (AR 541) Japan (AR 522)

Baltic States (AR 588) Korea (AR 523)

Benelux/EU/NATO (AR 568) Lusophone Africa (AR 514)

Brazil (AR 535) Mainland Southeast Asia (AR 572)

Central America (AR 539) Mexico (AR 531)

Central Asia (AR 586) Mongolia (AR 524)

China/Hong Kong/Taiwan (AR 521) Nordic Countries (AR 596)

East Central Europe (AR 582) Northern Africa (AR 515)

Eastern Africa (AR 511) Poland (AR 587)

Fertile Crescent (AR 542) Romania (AR 569)

Former Yugoslavia (AR 562) Russia/Belarus (AR 566)

France (AR 567) South Asia (AR 560)

Francophone Africa (AR 513) Southern Africa (AR 512)

German-Speaking Europe (AR 593) Southern Cone (AR 534)

Greece/Cyprus (AR 589) The Caribbean (AR 538)

Haiti (AR 536) Turkey (AR 543)

Hispanic Caribbean (AR 538) Ukraine (AR 565)

Iberian Peninsula (AR 591)

These courses are integrated with the corresponding languages and are scheduledweekly for 3 hours. Starting dates correspond to language starting dates.

SLS, Basic Language Courses (Full-Time Training)

French (LFR100) 29 — 24 Weeks

Spanish (LQB 100) 29 — 24 Weeks

Arabic Refresher (LAD 201) 29 — 6 Weeks

Chinese Refresher (LCM 201) 29 — 6 Weeks

Hebrew Refresher (LAD 201) 29 — 6 Weeks

Japanese Refresher (LJA 201) 29 — 6 Weeks

Korean Refresher (LKP 201) 29 — 6 Weeks

Russian Refresher (LRU 201) 29 — 6 Weeks

Vietnamese Refresher (LRU 201) 29 — 6 Weeks

SLS, Familiarization & Short-Term (F.A.S.T.) Language Courses

Albanian (F.A.S.T.) (LAB 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Amharic (F.A.S.T.) (LAC 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Arabic (Egyptian) (LAE 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Arabic (Modern Standard) (LAD 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Armenian (F.A.S.T.) (LRE 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Azerbaijani (F.A.S.T.) (LAX 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Bengali (F.A.S.T.) (LBN 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Bulgarian (F.A.S.T.) (LBU 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Burmese (F.A.S.T.) (LBY 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Byelorussian (F.A.S.T.) (LBL 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Chinese (Standard) (F.A.S.T.) (LCM 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Chinese (Cantonese) (F.A.S.T.) (LCC 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Croatian (F.A.S.T.) (LHR 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Czech (F.A.S.T.) (LCX 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Danish (F.A.S.T.) (LDA 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Dutch/Flemish (F.A.S.T.) (LDU 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Estonian (F.A.S.T.) (LES 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Finnish (F.A.S.T.) (LFJ 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

French (F.A.S.T.) (LFR 200) 29 — 8 Weeks

Georgian (F.A.S.T.) (LGG 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

German (F.A.S.T.) (LGM 200) 29 — 8 Weeks

Greek (F.A.S.T.) (LGR 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Haitian Creole (F.A.S.T.) (LHC 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Hebrew (F.A.S.T.) (LHE 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Hindi (F.A.S.T.) (LHJ 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Hungarian (F.A.S.T.) (LHU 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Icelandic (F.A.S.T.) (LJC 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Indonesian (F.A.S.T.) (LJN 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Italian (F.A.S.T.) (LJT 200) 29 — 8 Weeks

Japanese (F.A.S.T.) (LJA 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Kazakh (F.A.S.T.) (LKE 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Khmer (Cambodian) (F.A.S.T.) (LCA 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Korean (F.A.S.T.) (LKP 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Kyrgyz (F.A.S.T.) (LKM 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Lao (F.A.S.T.) (LLC 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Latvian (F.A.S.T.) (LLE 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Lithuanian (F.A.S.T.) (LML 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Macedonian (F.A.S.T.) (LMA 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Malay (F.A.S.T.) (LML 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Mongolian (F.A.S.T.) (LMV 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Nepalese (F.A.S.T.) (LNE 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Norwegian (F.A.S.T.) (LNR 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Persian/Dari (F.A.S.T.) (LPG 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Persian/Farsi (F.A.S.T.) (LPF 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Pilipino/Tagalog (F.A.S.T.) (LTA 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Polish (F.A.S.T.) (LPL 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Portuguese (Brazilian) (F.A.S.T.) (LPY 200) 29 — 8 Weeks

Romanian (F.A.S.T.) (LRQ 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Russian (F.A.S.T.) (LRU 200) 29 — 8 Weeks

Serbian (F.A.S.T.) (LSR 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Singhalese (F.A.S.T.) (LSJ 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Slovak (F.A.S.T.) (LSK 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Spanish (F.A.S.T.) (LQB 200) 29 — 8 Weeks

44 State Magazine

Courses: National Foreign Affairs Training Center

&Education TrainingProgram June July Length Program June July Length

(F.A.S.T.) Language Courses, Continued

Swahili/Kiswahili (F.A.S.T.) (LSW 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Swedish (F.A.S.T.) (LSY 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Tajik (F.A.S.T.) (LTB 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Thai (F.A.S.T.) (LTH 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Turkish (F.A.S.T.) (LTU 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Turkmen (F.A.S.T.) (LUB 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Ukrainian (F.A.S.T.) (LUK 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Urdu (F.A.S.T.) (LUR 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Uzbek (F.A.S.T.) (LUX 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Vietnamese (F.A.S.T.) (LVS 200) 29 — 7 Weeks

Administrative Training

NEPA Training Domestic Operations(PA 129) 27 1 Week

Property Management for Custodial Officers (PA 135) — 23 2 Days

Appropriations Law (PA 215) 23 — 4 Days

Customer Service (PA 143) 11 — 2 Days

Budget & Financial Management (PA 211) 22 — 5 Weeks

FSN Classification and Compensation (PA 232) — 13 2 Weeks

General Services Operation (PA 221) 22 20 12 Weeks

ICASS Executive Seminar (PA 245) 15 15 1 Day

Overseas Contracting OfficersWarrant Trng (PA 223) 8 — 4 Weeks

Personnel Course (PA 231) 22 — 7 Weeks

Overseas Administrative Management Course (PA 243) 1 13 2 Weeks

Working with ICASS (PA 214) 2 28 4 Days

(International Cooperative Admin.Support Services) 16 —

How To Be a Contracting Officer Repres. (PA 130) Correspondence Course

How To Write a Statement of Work (PA 134) Correspondence Course

How To Be a Certifying Officer (PA 291) Correspondence Course

Intro to Simplified Acquisitions & Req.Overseas (PA 222) Correspondence Course

Management Controls Workbook (PA 164) Correspondence Course

Training for Overseas Voucher Examiners (PA 200) Correspondence Course

Training for Overseas Cashier(PA 293) Correspondence Course

Training for Overseas Cashier Superior(PA 294) Correspondence Course

Consular Training

Automation-Consular Managers (PC 116) 1 20 1 Week

15 —

30

Advanced Consular Course (PC 532) — 14 3 Weeks

Congen Rosslyn Consular (PC 530) Continuous Enrollment

Consular Orientation (PC 105) (6 Days) Continuous Enrollment

Immigration Law and Visa Operation (PC 102) Correspondence Course

Nationality Law and Consular Procedures (PC 103) Correspondence Course

Overseas Citizens Services (PC 104) (6 Days) Correspondence Course

Passport Examiner Correspondence Course (PC 110) Correspondence Course

Curriculum and Staff Development

Basic Facilitation & Delivery Workshop(PD 513) 11 — 3 Days

Strategic Planning & Performance Measurement (PD 529) 17 — 2 Days

Training Design Workshop(PD 512) 25 — 3 Days

Visual Aid Basics (PD 520) 6 — 1 Day

Economic & Commercial Training

Advanced Economic Review Seminar (PE 501) — 13 5 Weeks

Applied Economics/Non-EconomicOfficers (PE 280) — 6 6 Weeks

Aviation Policy and Negotiation (PE 130) — 20 3 Days

Country Data Analysis (PE 504) — 20 2 Weeks

Economic Tradecraft (PE 124) — 6 2 Week

Energy and the Environment (PE 128) 22 — 1 Week

Export Promotion (PE 125) 29 20 1 Week

Political/Economic Tradecraft (PG 140) 8 27 3 Weeks

Resource Reporting Officer Training (PE 103) — 21 2 Weeks

Science, Technology & Foreign Policy (PG 562) 15 — 1 Week

Senior Commercial Course (PE 290) 29 27 2 Days

Telecommunication Policy (PE 131) — 23 1 Day

US Commercial Interest in the Power Sector (PE 132) — 27 1 Day

US Environmental Technology Industry (PE 133) — 28 1 Day

Leadership & Management Development

Deputy Chiefs of Mission (PT 102) 7 12 2.2 Weeks

EEO/Diversity Awareness for 4 9 2 DaysManagers and Supervisors (PT 107) 11 15

18 2225 30

Introduction to Management Skills (PT 207) 22 1 Week

February 45

Program June July Length Program June July Length

Courses: National Foreign Affairs Training Center

&Education Training

Leadership & Management Development, Continued

Managing State Projects (PT 208) 22 20 1 Week

Political/Economics Counselors Seminar (PT 127) — 20 1 Week

Executive Introduction to Project Management (PT 209) 29 2 Days

Information Management Training

Introduction, Word 97 for Windows (PS 232) 3 1 2 Days

10 817 1518 1724 22— 29

Intermediate, Word 97 for Windows (PS 233) 9 8 2 Days

24 22

Advanced, Word 97 for Windows (PS 246) 11 9 1 Day25 23

Word 6.0 Workshop (PS 252) 5 10 0.5 Days

Introduction, Access 97 for Windows (PS 250) 3 1 2 Days

17 1529

Intermediate, Access 97 (PS 251) 8 6 2 Days

25 22

Corporate Systems & Administration(PS 654) 22 — 4 Weeks

Introduction, Excel 97 for Windows (PS 270) 1 13 2 Days

15 2729 —

Intermediate, Excel 97 for Windows (PS 271) 4 20 2 Days

17 —

Excel 5.0 Workshop (PS 254) 12 17 0.5 Days

Introduction, PowerPoint 97 for Windows (PS 240) 1 13 2 Days

15 2729

Intermediate, PowerPoint 97 for Windows (PS 241) 23 30 1 Day

PowerPoint 5.0 Workshop (PS 253) 19 24 0.5 Days

Information Management Seminar (PS 217) 20 3 Weeks

Internet, Concepts (PS 218) 5 10 1 Day

12 1719 —

Managing Information Programs (PS 213) 1 — 3 Weeks

Network Essentials (PS 214) 7 3

Microsoft Project (PS 180) 22 — 2 Days

PC/Windows Network 4.0 Fundamentals(PS 201) 8 13 2 Days

15 2023 —29

Windows NT 4.0 Advanced End User (PS 202) 1 14 1 Day

Windows NT 4.0 Administration (PS 261)** — 13 2 Weeks

Workgroups for Windows Administration(PS 262) 17 — 3 Days

MS Exchange Administration (PS 269)** 27 1 Week

** Registration for PS 261 and PS 269 requires pre-approval from SAIT/IMT.Please submit your DS–755 to the Office of the Registrar.

Warrenton—Information Management Training

Backup-Limited CommunicationsOperations (YW-119) 22 20 2 Weeks

TEL/KEY SYS—Intro to Telephone &Key Systems (YW-140) 8 13 1 Week

Satellite Operations/Maintenance (YW 149) 8 — 3 Weeks

C-LAN—Classified Local Area Network (YW-177) 8 13 4 Weeks

TERP V-Terminal Equipment Replacement Prog. V (YW-184) 8 6 2 Weeks

Refresher Communication (YW-164) 1,8 6,13 1 Week15,22 20,2729 —

ADP—Automated Data Processing (YW-190) 15 27 4 Weeks

SC-7 Operations & Maintenance (YW 192) — 20 3 Weeks

Air Con-Air Condition Systems (YW 205) 15 20 2 Weeks

29

CIP Current Installation Practices (YW 203) 22 4 Weeks

Generators Power Generator Systems (YW 206) — 6 2 Weeks

Networking with Windows for Workgroups 3.11 (YW-210) 8 6 1 Week

Commercial Terminal CT-7/9 (YW 212) 22 13 1 Week

Wide-Band Digital Transmission Networking (YW 213) 8 20 2 Weeks

SX-50—Mitel PBX SX-50 (YW-219) 15 20 1 Week

SX-200D—Mitel PBX SX-200 Digital (YW-220) 23 28 1 Week

SX-2000—Mitel PBX SX-2000 Analog (YW-221) 1 6 1 Week

SX-20/200A—Mitel PBX SX-20/200 Analog (YW-222) 26 — 1 Week

Basic PC Maintenance (YW 224) 1 13 1 Week

Windows NT 4.0 Local Administration (YW 225) 16 14 2 Weeks

BPS Black Packet Switching (YW 334) 2 20 1 Week

46 State Magazine

Courses: National Foreign Affairs Training Center

&Education TrainingProgram June July Length Program June July Length

Warrenton—Information Management Training, Continued

Meridian 61C (YW-497) 15 20 2 Weeks

Banyan LAN-Local Networks (YW 640) 15 — 2 Weeks

PC B/A—Personal Computer Basics/Advanced (YW-641) 8 6 3 Weeks

Microsoft Exchange (YW 749) 1 27 1 Week

29 —

IDNX/90 EXS, IDNX/20 and IDNX MICRO/20 (YW-850) 23 21 1 Week

Junior Officer Training and Orientation Training

Orientation for Foreign Officers (PG 101) — 6 7 Weeks

Orientation for Designated Posts (PN 112) — 9 2 Days

Orientation for Civil ServiceEmployees(PN 105) 16 — 3 Days

Orientation for Foreign ServiceSpecialist (PN 106) — 27 3 Weeks

Introduction to Working in an Embassy (PN 113) 3 — 2 Days

Washington Tradecraft (PT 203) — 20 1 Week

Office Management Training

Better Office English: Written (PK 225) 1 — 2 Weeks

Better Office English: Oral (PK 226) — 13 2 Weeks

Civil Service Training for Entering Personnel (PK 104) — 10 2 Weeks

Professional Development Seminar(PK 302) 1 — 2 Weeks

Drafting Correspondence (PK 159) — 27 1 Week

Office Management 2000 (PK 330) — 6 2 Weeks

Files Management and Retirement (PK 207) 8 — 1 Day

Proofreading (PK 143) — 9 2 Days

Travel Regulations and Vouchers (PK 205) 23 1 1.5 Day

Writing Effective Letters and Memos (PK 241) — 13 1 Week

Senior Secretarial Seminar (PK 111) — 29 3 Days

Political Training

Negotiation Art & Skills (PP 501) 15 — 1 Week

Labor Officer Functions (PL 103) — 13 3 Weeks

Political Tradecraft (PP 202) — 6 3 Weeks

Political Military Affairs (PP 505) — 15 3 Days

Workers Rights Reporting (PP 504) — 17 1 Day

Orientation for Narcotics Control Officers (PA 202) — 20 2 Weeks

Security Overseas Seminar

Advanced Security Overseas Seminar (MQ 912) 9 14 1 Day

23 28

SOS: Security Overseas Seminar (MQ 911) 1 6 2 Days

15 20

Youth SOS (MQ 914) 16 7 1 Day

23 14— 21— 28

Overseas Briefing Center (non-SOS)

Deputy/Chief of Mission (MQ 110) 15 20 3 Days

Long-Distance Relationships (MQ 801) 6 — 0.5 Days

Communicating Across Cultures (MQ 802) 5 — 1 Day

Spouse to Spouse (MQ 803) 6 31 1 Day

Life After the Foreign Service (MQ 600) — 7 2 Days

Post Options for Employment and Training (MQ 703) 13 — 1 Day

Promoting United States Wines (MQ 856) — 15 0.2 Day

Protocol and US Representation Abroad (MQ 116) 27 — 1 Day

Overseas Health Concerns (MQ 857) 17 — 0.2 Day

Regulations, Allowances and Finances (MQ 104) — 28 3 Days

Targeting the Job Market (MQ 704) 11 — 2 Days

Career Transition Center

Job Search Program (RV 102) — 6 13 Weeks

Retirement Planning Seminar (RV 101) 29 — 1 Week

February 47

Courses: National Foreign Affairs Training Center

&Education TrainingProgram June July Length Program June July Length

All computer classes fill quickly. Please contact the Office of the Registrar at (703) 302-7147 to find out about enrollment status.Students should check with the Office of the Registrar (703-302-7144) to confirm course dates.

Credit Union Scholarships AnnouncedThe deadline for applications for the State Department

Federal Credit Union scholarship competition is April 10.Over the past 22 years, the credit union has awarded more

than $100,000 in scholarships to academically outstandingmembers who need financial assistance. To qualify, a studentmust demonstrate financial need, be a credit union memberin good standing and be enrolled in a degree program with aminimum grade point average of 2.5.

For more application details and application forms, stopby any of the five SDFCU branch offices or credit unionliaisons overseas call (703) 706-5000, or write: SDFCU, Attn:Marketing Department, 1630 King St., Alexandria, VA 22314.

By Dan Clemmer

Most people who use librariesknow certain categories of refer-ence books: dictionaries, quota-tion books, statistics, gazetteers,

business directories, political handbooks,usage guides, encyclopedias and who’swhos, among others. But some very usefulbooks are not easily categorized and can beoverlooked. They can all be found in thelibrary reading room in 1239 Main State.

Parents worried about financing a college or universi-ty education for their children may find comfort inPeterson’s College Money Book, a guide to financial aid at1,700 colleges and universities. Included are indexes ofnon-need scholarships for undergraduates, athleticgrants for undergraduates, co-op programs, ROTC pro-grams, tuition waivers and tuition payment alternatives.(LB2337.2.P34 1998 Ref.)

If you’ve run across an old book you think might bevaluable, Collected Books: The Guide to Values, by Allen andPatricia Ahearn, may clarify whether you have a preciousobject or just an old book. The reference provides esti-mated retail prices as of 1991 and identifies first editions,which are generally more valuable than later editions.(Z987.5.U6A36 Ref.)

How to Say It Best: Choice Words, Phrases, & ModelSpeeches for Every Occasion, by Jack Griffin, offers a helpinghand to frightened or novice speakers. It gives advice inhandling a variety of situations, including the best way tomake a presentation. ( PN4121.G7195 Ref.)

Although the word “letters” does not appear in How toSay It: Choice Words, Phrases, Sentences, and Paragraphs forEvery Situation, by Rosalie Maggio, the book offers most“everything you need to know to write an effective busi-ness or social letter in little more time than it takes tohand write, type or input it.” It includes sample letters ofapology, sympathy, appreciation and congratulation, aswell as cover letters, letters to the editor and get-well let-ters. (PE1483.M26 Ref.)

Would-be-writers—and there are plenty of them in theDepartment—frequently turn to the Writer’s Market:Where and How to Sell What You Write, edited by Kirsten C.Holm and Don Prues, for help in identifying a market fortheir memoirs or novel. A listing of book publishersincludes information on the types of manuscripts sought,the average amount of advances and the number of sub-

missions received each year. Similar informa-tion is provided for magazines. (PN161.W831988 Ref.)

If you’ve ever been curious about the old Russian Embassy building in Washingtonat 1125 16th St., N.W., or any of the otherbuildings on or near 16th Street, SixteenthStreet Architecture, by Sue A. Kohler andJeffrey R. Carson, will satisfy your curiosity.(NA735.W3U62 Ref.)

Library users with questions about bookpreservation, papers, photographs and other

objects of sentimental or monetary value regularly refer toCaring for Your Collections, edited by Arthur W. Schultz.The book also includes information on storing, securing,appraising, insuring and donating collections and obtain-ing professional conservation services. (AM303.C37 Ref.)

When speakers at retirement parties seek our helpfinding interesting events that happened the year or theday that “Good Ole Bob” came to work for theDepartment, we refer them to Famous First Facts, byJoseph Nathan Kane. It indexes significant “firsts” bysubject, name, year and day—from the first femaleambassador to sign a treaty to the first time a patent wasissued for chewing gum. (AG5.K315 1981 Ref.)

Another useful reference book for Department speak-ers and writers is “Emperor Dead” and Other HistoricAmerican Diplomatic Dispatches, edited by Peter D. Eicher.The book, written by a Foreign Service officer, is the firstin the Diplomats and Diplomacy series sponsored by theAssociation for the Diplomatic Studies and Training andby Diplomatic and Consular Officers Retired. The book isarranged chronologically and includes dispatches aboutthe most significant events from 1776 to the early 1960s.(E183.7.E525 Ref.)

Although quotation books are plentiful, one devoted toan ethnic group is unusual. Contemporary Quotations inBlack, compiled and edited by Anita King, collects quotesby or about blacks ranging from Rosa Parks to NelsonMandela. (E184.6.C665 Ref.)

And for those times when a speechwriter can’t remem-ber the name of the Jimmy Stewart character in “It’s aWonderful Life” or the actor who played MahatmaGandhi in “Gandhi,” a helpful reference is MemorableFilm Characters: An Index to Roles and Performers,1915–1983, compiled by Susan Lieberman and FrancesCable. (PN1995.9.C36L5 Ref.)

48 State Magazine

LL II BB RR AA RR YY RR EE PP OO RR TT

Reference Books off the Beaten Track

The author is the Department’s chief librarian.

Department of State, USABureau of PersonnelWashington, DC 20520

Official BusinessPenalty for Private Use

PeriodicalsPostage and Fees Paid

Department of StateUSPS 0278—1859

If address is incorrect, pleaseindicate change. Do not coveror destroy this address label.Mail change of address to:

PER/ER/SMGSA–6, Room 433Washington, DC 20522–0602

Celebrate Black History Month