universe that's simple

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ADDENIUM TO THE VOLUME III

Universe - Thats Simple!

Preface

Great theories never come to life in their final crystalline form. The first published variants of these theories are always imperfect, incomplete, contaminated bythe viruses of human conservatism and fallacy. It takes years of additional hard work toheal them from their inborn defects. The same is now happening with General QuantumMechanics the present variant of GQM is, I hope, the final variant of the GQMCosmology.

Official scientists continue to work within the confines of officially acceptedscientific dogmas and theories long after there is enough factual proof to disprove them.

For example, now existing are a lot of experimental and observable facts against A.Einsteins great theories and his great ideas (Principle of Separation and UnifiedField Theory). In the theoretical apparatus of the Physical Science, A. Einstein replaced

philosophical and physical principles, governing the fundament of our world, by somevery complicated mathematical tricks. Thus, he created the contemporary officialFundamental Physical Science; in fact he created Anti -Physical Science. Or, as I call it- Mathephysics. This officially ruling Mathematical Monster is killing and devourin gall newborn theories which presume to contest its absolute power over FundamentalPhysical Science. Mathephysics gave birth to dead-born children-theories and materialformations such as: Theory of General Relativity, Big Bang theory, Inflation theory,String theories, Standard Model, contemporary Quantum Mechanics, Dark matter,

Dark energy, MACHOs, WIMPS, axions, X -particles, gluons, gravitons, magneticmonopoles, False vacuum, Higs -fields, and many others. These dead theories are not

proven to be true and universal they dont answer the question of what underlying basic principles determine the existence of considered fundamental phenomena. Exotic particles and other material formations predicted by these theories are also, never discovered.


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Many times in history the truth has turned out to be a radical departure from whateveryone knew to be true. Perhaps that is why important new truths are so oftenuncovered by fringe figures and outsiders. The location of the city of Troy, longconsigned by scholars with smug certainty to the realm of myth, was identified byHeinrich Schliemann, a German banker for whom archeology was a hobby, in the 1870s.

The theory of continental drift and plate tectonics, a foundation of our understanding of the planet we live on, was devised by Alfred Wagener, a weatherman whose work wasridiculed for decades by serious geologists. In 1842, Julius Robert Mayer discovered Lawof Conservation of Energy one of the most significant achievements in the history of

physics. J.R. Mayer was a physician, not a physicist! Nicholas Copernicus, a catholicmonk, was the creator of contemporary astronomy. The Augustinian monk Gregor Mendel discovered genes. Mendels work became the foundation for modern genetics.Leonardo Da Vinci, the famous Italian renaissance artist, created first designs and modelsfor transport vehicles (helicopter including). Wright brothers, creators of the first flyingengine (airplane), received high school education, but did not receive diplomas. OrvilleWright dropped out after his junior year to start a printing business in 1889. Wright

brothers disproved officially accepted at that time scientific opinion about principleimpossibility of creation of human manned aircrafts. Philo Farnsworth was the rea linventor of electronic television. The key to the television picture tube came to him at 14,when he was still a Utah farmer boy, and he had a working device at 21. His inventionand ideas were stolen by the American electrical engineer Vladimir Zvorykin whoworked for RCA company. Patent litigation, however, forced RCA to start payingFarnsworth royalties. Yet Philo Farnsworth died in obscurity like one of the greatestinventors in the human history -Nicola Tesla.

Princeton professor Robert Jahn says: Progress occurs only after new empiricalevidence becomes so overwhelming that the established orthodoxy just collapses under its weight. Hellas, this opinion is very wrong when in stake is the very basis of theaccepted scientific general dogma. To accept General Quantum Mechanics and QuantumFree Energy conventional science must be willing to break a considerable number of rules of physics as we know them now to be true. For years Ive been providing ideas anddata from my quantum free energy experiments that conventional science is not equippedtheoretically to deal with. So the response from the mainstream scientific community has

been to ignore this information whenever possible, and to attack it when its not possibleto ignore it. It is curious to note the old sea-margins of human thought. Each subsidingcentury reveals some new mystery; we build the foundations of the new science wheremonster- theories used to hide themselves Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.

The moral in the official s cience


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Why do scientists tolerate and support Einsteins mathematical monster? First of all, because Einsteins Anti -Physical Theory is a safe and comfortable shelter for alluniversity educated physicists. Mathematical skills replace the imagination and revelationwhich are gifts from God for only few chosen by Him scientists. Second of all, becauseA. Einstein is of Jewish origin. Jewish nation, which is scattered all around the world, is

more unified than any other compact nation. To be unified is a good thing for the nationitself, but when this national/religious unity is directed against the vital interests of other nations or religions this fact represents a kind of racism. Anti-Semitism is a repugnantform of racism against this old and capable nation, but it exists because its opposite exists- the Semitism. Semitism is a doctrine of superiority above all other nations in the world(Jews are the chosen nation of God), dislike other religious groups, exploitation of theinferior nationalities and inferior classes (blue -collar workers), selfish, haughtiness,greed, perfidiousness, violence against neighbors (Palestinians, Lebanese, and other Muslim nations). It is not a public secret that Jews invaded and subordinated to their doctrine all crucial sectors of the U.S. society: economy, finance, politics, science, andmedia. Money, lie, and unlimited arrogance are their favorite tools in subordinating

American society to their interests (in the favorable conditions of American Democracy).Jewish-American journalists and writers (majority of American journalists and writers)are everyday brainwashing regular Americans. Massive propaganda creates the falseimpression about exclusive scientific priority of Jewish nation. Go to the closest book store there, on the shelves of the sector Science, you can see that every third book (written by a Jew) is about A. Einstein, the other books are about other Jewish scientificcelebrities like R. Feynman or Carl Sagan. And there is almost nothing about greatEuropean (or other) physicists-creators of the contemporary physical science. Thisnational chauvinism is, in fact, Scientific Nazism . Analyzing Nobel Price Awards, onecan see that almost all Jews-Nobel Price laureates got their awards either for someinsignificant scientific discovery, either for some controversial (not proven) theoretical

work, or giving priority to Jewish scientists for discoveries made first by other scientistsor in parallel with them. Proofs? A lot just ask me who are those false Jews-Nobel Prizelaureates. Like in politics, Nobel Price lobbying is dirty, based on money and on thereputation of some dishonest Nobel laureates, scientific activity. Here Jews are worldchampions.

To accuse only the Jewish nation in violation of the moral in science, however, isnot quite fair thing national chauvinism in science is typical for all great nations. When Iwas a student in my ex-country Bulgaria (satellite of the Soviet Union at that time), andlater in the Soviet Union, I was taught that almost all important discoveries in the scienceand technology were made by Russians. We believed in this lie, because a lie repeated

hundreds of times becomes a truth. Now Russians changed a lot, their society is muchmore open toward the world, but this Russian chauvinism is still alive (in much smaller proportions then before).

A typical war between nations for scientific priority is the case of Poincare three -dimensional manifold. This time the war is between Jewish and Chinese communities.The one-century old mathematical puzzle is solved with the contributions of severalmathematicians: Grigori Perelman Russian born Jew, Chinese mathematicians Shing-


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Tung Yao, Xi-Ping Zhu, Huai- Dong Cao, and regular American mathematicianRichard Hamilton. Behind G. Perelman stays the most powerful in the world PropagandaMachine (Jewish-American). American newspapers, scientific and public journals andmagazines are flooded by articles (written by Jews) about unique contribution of G.Perelman in solving this old mathematical problem; in these publications Chinese

mathematicians are presented as plagiarists and low moral people; the contribution of R.Hamilton is considered to be insignificant. On their turn, Chinese Propaganda Machine istrying to persuade the world about priority of Chinese mathematicians. E.T. Bell, author of Men of Mathematics once lamented: the squabbles over priority which disfigurescientific history. The way which the American -Jewish community follows (and alsosome other great nations in the world) in establishing new icons or gods in science is:watch for perspective for Nobel Prize Jews-scientists; invite them to the USA (if they arenot US citizen); create favorable conditions for work on their scientific problems; watchfor similar works conducted by Non-Jewish scientists and steal or ascribe their achievements to the Jewish scientists; massive propaganda when the new discovery is

proven to be true; lobbying for Nobel Prize or other scientific awards; creation of stable

legend (canonization) of the newborn Jewish scientific icon or god. At the same time,Jewish-American Propaganda Machine, which controls the whole media in the USA,erects Wall of Silence around scientists who are not comfortable for their Doctrine.

O, Tempora, O, More!

In fact, the three- dimensional manifold -sphere mathematical solution hasabsolutely no use in the Cosmology for which it is intended. Here I dont mean theapplication of this solution in the String Theory a dead-born child of the

Mathephysics. Three-dimensional, or bigger than three-dimensional, spheres-manifolds just do not exist in the real world. Mathematics was created and it is developing only toserve all branches of science; mathematics is a scientific tool, not independent branch of science. Why then mathematicians create mathematical constructions which have noequivalents in the real world? Like everything in this world, mathematics has an end in itsevolution. The same will happen someday with all branches of science includingFundamental Science. There exists an Absolute Truth about our World and this Truth islimited and achievable. God is not jealous He shares with humans all His secrets.

Official scientists very often speculate with the term scientific community.Wh at does this term scientific community mean? Is it some legal forum of universityeducated scientists having constitutional rights of a Superior Scientific Court which candecide what is right and what is wrong in science? Science is science it does not matter if it is official or dissident (not official). Everybody has a constitutional and moralright to make science. Important are the final results of the scientific activity, not wherethese results come from. There exists an opinion correctly enough that the veracity of a theory is appreciated not by the results, achieved through experiments and observations,

but by the authority of the scientific papistry that has created and backed the theory. The


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more a scientific work conforms to the current scientific fashionable trends, the easier itis to publish.

I am thoroughly convinced that even the most technologically advancedexperimental and observable equipment in combination with mainstream top university

educated scientists could not disco ver and explain all aspects of the universes identityand create the final variant of the Theory of Everything. Great science is not planed, it isalso not professional. It comes at the right time in the evolution of science and is born inthe minds of scientific prophets. Great scientific discoveries are gifts from God and theyare not given (as a rule) to the professionals. In the field of ideas and theoreticalinterpretations of results, the unique and gifted scientist is much more powerful than any

big staff of mainstream scientists.

The father of contemporary quantum mechanics Max Planck wrote: Scientifictheories dont change because old scientists change their minds; they change because old

scientists die. New generations scientists are needed to understand and accept General

Quantum Mechanics.

Big Bang theory and the Inflationary theory are dead-born children of the father Einsteins theory of relativity and mother Ignorance. There now exists a very curioussituation in the exploration of the universe extremely advanced technical methods andinstruments for practical exploration and at the same time very nave, wrong, andmathematically based, cosmological theories. Finally, the Occamas Razor willeliminate officially accepted th eories and will establish the General Quantum Mechanicscosmological model as an absolute sovereign in the realm of Cosmology.

Contemporary official science is money and protectionism: money for

education (prestigious universities in 6the U.S.A. are absolutely unaffordable for majorityof American students), protectionism to find a good job and make good carrier, moneyand protectionism to make research on perspective scientific problems, money and

protectionism to make scientific propaganda, etc., etc. Last several decades Nobel Prizeawards are going mostly to American scientists not because they are smarter than their colleagues from the rest of the world, but because fundamental discoveries today can bedone only with the help of very expensive experimental and observable equipment. How,for example, astronomer can investigate the fine structure of the solar system if he has noaccess to big telescope?

The skepticism in science


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Robert L. Park, a physics professor, science administrator (lobbyist), journalistand outspoken scientific skeptic, labeled my science voodoo science. For information:voodoo science is another term of pseudoscience. Parks seven warning sings:

Discoverers make their claims directly to the popular media, rather than to fellow

scientists.

Discoverers claim that conspiracy has tried to suppress the discovery.

The claimed effect appears so weak that observers can hardly distinguish it from noise.

Anecdotal evidence backs up the claim.

True believers cite ancient traditions in support of the new claim.

The discoverer works in isolation from the mainstream scientific community.

The discovery requires a change in the understanding of the fundamental laws of nature.

People like Robert Park are the contemporary killers of the progress in science.This man is a contemporary counterpart of the N. Copernicus scientific inquisitors. Themost important role of science is to innovate, change, and sometimes to fully rejectexisting understandings about our world. Science must be liberal (very open-minded), notconservative, as it was (unfortunately) during all the time of its existence. Scienceendured serious evolution and development only thanks to voodoo scientists like N.Copernicus.

Members of the so- called official scientific community are not voodooscientists, of course, they are normal and respected scientists, some of them arecalled to be main -stream scientists. Those official scientist s worry too much abouttheir scientific reputation and carrier. They are afraid to make research and express

positive claims in the areas which are considered (by the lords of the scientificcommunity) to be terra interditta for the official science. F ree Energy research, for example, is such scientific terra interditta for those people. Young physicists go to theSpring theories, Inflationary theories, Standard Model theories, Dark Matter and Dark

Energy theories, Unified Field theories, and other contemporary scientific fallacies, only because these righteous scientific fields will give them opportunity to make a goodcarrier and possibly to receive a Nobel Prize.

Below I would like to give some answers to Bob Parks warning signs:

Bob, is it possible to get a warm reception from official fellow scientists if you claimsomething which is very different from officially accepted scientific dogmas? Is it

possible to publish these revolutionary ideas in peer view scientific jo urnals andmagazines? I contacted so many fellow respected scientists and peer view journals whomust be interested in these problems no one answer from those puffed scientific


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turkeys, my voice is like voice in desert. Why then would I have to waste my time anddamage my nervous system trying to do that?

No doubt there exists unspoken and unwritten conspiracy in such suppressingrevolutionary discoveries.

Bob, how do you know that the observed effect (quantum free energy) is hardlydistinguished from noise? Did you visit my lab for a demonstration and measurement?Have you been ever duplicated my experiments which are described pretty well in my

personal web-site and books? Have you read and try to understand my General QuantumMechanics (all three volumes) to claim that it is a voodoo science? No, of course not.

Is the observed real over -unity (in my last QFE generator the over -unity is about 10times) an anecdotal evidence of Quantum Free Energy?

Im not a religious person and I dont cite the biblical prophet Daniel in support of reality

of Quantum Free Energy.

How can I work with mainstream scientists if they will either reject my claims asscientific heresy or will eventually steal my ideas (which is normal for thiscommunity)? Also, I work for business; I dont want to give a way my secrets.

Robert L. Park, chairman of the Board of directors of the American PhysicalSociety wrote in his electronic journal: So, on Saturday, June 22, 2002,the Executive

Board of the American Physical Society unanimously adopted the following statement:

The Executive Board of the American Physical Society is concerned that in this period of unprecedented scientific advance, misguided or fraudulent claim of perpetual motionmachines and other sources of unlimited sources of energy (here he means my discoveryQuantum Free Energy)are proliferating. Such devices would directly violat e the most

fundamental laws of Nature, laws that have guided the scientific advances that aretransforming our world. Those people (the Board) recommend to the state legislaturesin the USA to ban any attempt to make business with such devices. Is this policy not a

Neoinquisition in the science? I agree that the so-called MEG perpetual motion devicesare a fraud or just misunderstanding of the laws governing our world, but Quantum FreeEnergy is something totally different and very real. Yes, to be understood, GeneralQuantum Mechanics and Quantum Free Energy need general change in the understanding

of the fundamental laws of nature. Hellas, this last fact is so hard to be accepted by therespected mainstream scientists.

Below I cite the opinion of a smart proponent of the new ideas in science:

Some people react with immediate disbelief when first confronted withinformation about Chukanovs General Quantum Mechanics an d Quantum Free Energy

from ball lightning. Such individuals (mostly representatives of the official science)


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find skepticism a comfortable refuge. Its easy to be skeptic; its difficult to be inventor.There are always those with flaccid minds who delude themselves onto thinking that

scoffing at new ideas or theories that run counter to conventional wisdom is anaffirmation of intellectual maturity and sophistication, but these individuals are too oftenintellectually lazy, hopelessly self-satisfied and arrogant.

Almost without exception, a skeptic jumps to the simplistic conclusion that if hehasnt heard about it or if the new idea opposes ideas which he has been taught inuniversity, then the new concept being offered must be wrong! Of course, a skeptic will never actually try to build a QFE generator and determine through experiments whether the QFE generator functions as described (in my book Ball Lightning The Great

Hopes and The Great Fears or in my web-site: www.chukanovenergy.com). Skeptical sermons are usually delivered from the ease of an arm chair.

Rigidly obedient to established scientific dogmas, skeptics routinely dismiss newor revolutionary concepts out of hand. The refusal to examine empirical and theoretical

evidence of the offered new ideas is seen most often in skeptical professionals of theacademic persuasion. Most physics professors are solidly married to their ego and woebe to anyone who attempts to question their consecrated, anointed opinions of theuniverse.

My advice to my potential readers and believers (mostly young people) is: do notwaste your time and damage your nervous system trying to convince skeptics or knuckleheads married to official science why the QFE is real and why GQM explains allaspects of the universe. Its not important where this fundamental knowledge comes from(God or something else). The point is it works!!!

General Quantum Mechanics is an Alive Child of God. I have no moral right to pretend someday for Nobel Prize or other scientific awards as author of this GreatTheory. My role is to introduce Gods scientific child to the Human Race. Im not aMessiah, nor Great Prophet. Im just simple, very regular human being, former engineer,former company manager, former research scientist, former university professor, former construction worker, former dish- washer, former pizza guy, , and present generalmanager of Quantum Free Energy project my own invention. And I dont care aboutmy scientific reputation, my career, my situation in the society, my life, in claiming suchscientific and social heresy. I care only about purity of science and the welfare andhappiness of all people on our planet.

The Present is for skeptics (like Bob Park), the Future is for people like me! (Nicola Tesla).


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Chapter I

World Constant a0 ,p and its role in theconstruction of the Universe

World constant a0 ,p represents minimum quantum acceleration, something likePlancks constant h. As shown in the published volumes of the General QuantumMechanics, Electron Matter Universe (the space-continuum in the visible universe)and its counterpart Proton Matter Universe (visible universe: atoms, molecules,,stones,, planets, stars, galaxies, galaxy clusters and super clusters, whole universe)

both posses different values of their fundamental constants and parameters. The quantumarsenal of the contemporary official fundamental physical science is very limited: h Plancks constant, c speed of light, e elementary electrical charge, and G gravity constant. General Quantum Mechanics introduces many other quantum worldconstants discovered by me.

I.1. Electron-Proton Duality.

As explained in GQM , Volume I, Part II, the proton represents developedcounterpart of the electron. See Figure I-1,a.

R n

R

e

electron

- M

(M )

(proton)

m e

p

p

Fig. I-1,a

+

(proton)M pV e +

c

+

nV

- 1 -


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The formula of the Law of Preservation of the Momentum of Motion is applied tothe model of the fundamental material object shown on Figure I-1,b.

em

Vn

em x c

c cc

Fig. I-1,b

(m )M p e +

p

n

M x

V

Vn

n+

c

M x c

p

M p

c M V M cm p pe +=

Where,

cme - momentum of motion before the development (identical to itself);

c M V M p p + - momentum of motion after development;

c - maximum quantum velocity (speed of light);

V - development velocity along axis ;

V - development velocity along axis ;

me - mass of the electron in rest (electron identical to itself);

M p - mass of the electron after development ( M p - mass of proton)

222 )()()( V M c M cm p pe =

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V c

m

cV

m M e

e p

=

=

2

2

1

[I.1]

Spatial symmetry (the equality of left and right side) determines the availability of four possible solutions of Formula [I.1], corresponding to four state of the object.

these are the particle and anti-particle V

these are particles with opposite internal momentum of motion (spin); s =

The proton is developed along axis + electron!

scmc

M

mV

V

cm

cV

m M

p

ee

e p /.,1063.1

1836

103

1

710

2

2===

=

cV cV = 999998.022

cm R A RcV R eeeun ,1018.11082.21017.4)(301342

,=====

On Figure I-2 is shown the scheme of forces acting between both elements of thequantum unit.

F

R

g

m ,e e-

Fe

Fig. I-2

g

pM

F

+

R n

Fe

e

n+

+

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The electron is a particle (+ ), while the proton is an anti-particle (- ). Thereforethey attract each other electrically and repulse each other gravitationally.

R

M mG F

Re

F pe g e

== ;2

In the above formulas the space parameter R is not in its usual square form ( R2) because the forces between both elements of the unit are acting only along the axis or .Here we have the case of one-dimensional space!

In the outside three-dimensional space ( x y z ) of the visible universe both(hidden) internal axis and are projected on one line l connecting both elementsof the quantum unit. See Figure I-3.

+ xFig. I-3

y+

me

z +

+ l

M p

The scheme of forces acting between both elements of the unit (in the outsidespace x y z ) is shown on Figure I-4.

eFg FeF-e

m e

R e

Fig. I-4

Fg+e

M p l +

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002

=

= R

M mG

Re

F F pe g err

39,

2

10267.2... ===

=pe

pe

A

M mG

e

R

R

The spatial dimension of the proton is equal to:

;,1087.2 12, cm R R n p p==

;,1087.2 12,, cm R R n p p==

;,10654.01087.210267.2 281239,,, cm R A R p pe p ===

!,, pun p R R =

This is the spatial dimension of the Proton Matter universe. See Figure I-5, a & b.

2 8

R

= 0 . 6 5 4 x 1 0 c m

R = R = 2.87x10 cm,p p,n-12

Fig. I-5,a

u n , p

n+

- n

a (n m )

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2 8

R

= 0 . 6 5 4 x 1 0 c m

u n , p

u n , p T 2

T

= T =

4 . 4 b . y .

R

= 0 . 4 1 6 x 1 0 c m

u n , p

Observer (Earth)Fig. I-5,b

= 6 . 9 1 b . y .

u n , p

2 8

a (n m )

O b s

.

End of the UniverseV=c

I.2. Minimum Quantum Velocity V min .

For the Proton Matter Universe V min,p has value:

pe

p A

cV

,

min,=

Where,

c speed of light, c = 3 x 10 10, cm/s

Ae,p - world constant, ratio of the electromagnetic force versa gravity force between an electron and proton;

392

, 1027.2... ====

pe g

e pe M mG

e F F

A

e elementary electrical charge, e = 4.8 x 10-10

, (CGS);

G gravity constant, G = 6.68 x 10 -8, (CGS);

M p mass of proton, M p = 1.67 x 10 -24, g;

me - mass of electron, me = 0.91 x 10 -27 , g

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;/,1063.01027.2

103 939

10

min, scmV p=

= [I.2]

=

=

2,

min,

T a R

T R

V

po

p

)

9

12

min

12,

1063.01087.2

),(

,1087.2

==

==

V R

T

III VolumeGCM see

cm R R n p

sT ,10455.0 2=

T is a maximum quantum time-interval for the micro-proton matter world!

;/,10374.11074.13)10455.0(

1087.2 27822

12

2,0 scmT R

a p

===

= )

287,0, /,10746.8108746.0

2

scma

a p po ===

)

See Figure I-6.

M pI

Fig. I-6

R p , n

R p , n

M pII

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;,1083.1;,1087.2 12,12

, cm Rcm R n pn p ==

)

!2,

,

2

,

2

,

,

,0 ==

=n p

n p

n p

n p

po

p

R

R

T

RT

R

a

a )

)

)

e

m M Gc

m M Ge

c

A

cV

e p

e p

pe

p

=

==2

,

min, [I.3]

I.3. Important Cosmological Formula.

;.,1005.1

;tan',

27

2

2

,

serg

t cons s Planck wheree M

R p p

pn p

=

=

h

hh

e p

p

e p

p

p

p

n p

m M Gec

e

m M Gc

e M

V

RT

=

==

3

22

2

min,

, hh

[I.4]

2

22

322

4

2

2

2

,,0

p

e p

e p

p

p

p

n p p

m M Gc

Gm M ec

e M

T

Ra

hh

h

) =

=

= [I.5]

222

22,

,0

==

p

e p po p

m M Gcaa

h

)[I.6]

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=

=

5708.1)100545.1(109109.0)106725.1(1067.6)109979.2(

227

272248210

,0 pa

28 /,10744.8 scm=

Formula [I.6] is valid only for the curved axis of the universe - motionstraight forward or straight backward by contrast to the Observer (or some central

body.)

;/,10744.8 28,0, scmaa po==

cV V V = maxmin

Let considered the case: V = c

=

=

cT R

T a R p2

,0

!915.6,10182.2

10374.1103

17

2710

yearsbillion sT

T T T c R

==

===

See Figure I-7.

n-

MIun,p

Fig. I-7

Proton Matter Universe

M

un,pII

T 2 u n , p M

+ n

un,p

M un,pII

II

IIM un,p

O b s e r v e r

= T

T 2 u n , p

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yearsbillionT

T pun pun 83.13915.6222 ,, ===

)[I.7]

This time interval is the age of the visible universe the time which light photons, radiated by the most remote objects in the universe (located on the very edge of the universe by contrast of the Living Observer), spent to come to the eye of the LivingObserver. The age of the universe 13.83 billion years is two times 6.915 billion years

because of the effect of quantum world acceleration a 0, p (see Chapter IV ) light photons which are generated by the most remote objects in the universe must past thedistance at the moment of generation (the size of the universe) plus the distance due tothe effect of the world acceleration a0, p (equal to the size of the universe also.)

The latest astronomical observations prove this age. The reciprocal value of theHubble constant H is believed to be the age of the visible universe.

118

17, ,1029.21018.22

11 =

==sT H pun )

The age of the Living Observer (Life on the planet Earth) is different:

yearsbillionT

T punObserver 4.41416,383,13, ===

)

As we know already from the previous publications, the Inanimate Matter(atoms, minerals, rocks,) and Animate Matter (Life on the Earth which is unique in theuniverse) coexist and determine each other from the very beginning of the universe time-cycle. Hence, the oldest inanimate material formations on the earth, as well the oldestfossil traces of living creations on earth, must have this limited age. Indeed the latestgeological and archeological investigations prove this age. The oldest rocks on Earth,found in western Greenland, have been dated by four independent radiometric datingmethods at 3.7-3.9 billion years. These oldest rocks are metamorphic rocks but theyoriginated as lava flows and sedimentary rocks. The debris from which the sedimentaryrocks formed must have come from even older crystal rocks. The oldest dated minerals(4.27 billion years) are tiny zircon crystals found in sedimentary rocks in WesternAustralia. As we see this age is very close to the geological and bio age of the LivingObserver and its residence planet Earth.

Advanced forms of life existed on earth at least 3.55 billion years ago. In rocks of that age, fossilized imprints have been found of bacteria that look uncannily like cyan

bacteria, the most highly evolved photosynthetic organisms present in the world today.Carbon deposits enriched in the lighter carbon-12 isotope over the heavier carbon-13isotope a sign of biological carbon assimilation attests to an even older age.

A report in Nature (November 7, 1996) pushes back the date of earliest evidencefor the life on Earth. Based on the isotope ratios in carbon inclusions in apatite grains in a

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banded iron formation in Greenland, the date is now estimated as 3.85 billion years ago.This evidence squeezes the time available for life to develop in abiogenist way tovanishing short. The time interval between the formation of solid state earth and theappearance of life is considered to be too short for the emergence of something ascomplex as a living cell. Hence suggestions were made that germs of life may have come

from outer space with comet dust or even, as proposed by Francis Crick of DNA double-helix fame, on a spaceship sent out by some distant civilization. No evidence in supportof these proposals has been obtained. The truth is that the life and the whole universewere never created they appeared in ready state form at the indefinite blurry

beginning of the universe cycle.

Most of the other measurements for the age of the Earth rest upon calculating anage for the solar system by dating objects which are expected to have formed with planets

but are not geological active (and therefore cannot erase evidence of their formation, suchas meteorites.) The age of the meteorites (based on radiometric measurements) isestimated to be around 4.55 billion years. This age is a little bit bigger than the

geological age of the earth 4.4 billion years. This difference is due to the effect of motion by contrast to the absolute system of reference the Living Observer (and his permanent residence planet earth.) Prior to falling to the earth, meteorites pass hugedistances (from the very beginning of the universe) on the curved surface of the universe.The reason of this premature aging is the curvature of space.

In their inner system of reference, however, meteorites have age exactly equal to4.4 billion years. This is the effect of twins. The age defect is proportional to thedistance passed by the traveling twin by contrast to his twin-brother on the earth.Indirectly, of course, this defect depends on speed, but not the way presented by A.Einstein in his Special Theory of Relativity. Another example for the age defect is

observed for the muons traveling with speed close to the speed of light in the particleaccelerators. At rest, muon decay 2.2 x 10 -6 sec. after its birth. In the particle accelerator,however, the fast moving muon lives much longer. In its inner system of reference muonlives exactly 2.2 x 10 -6 sec.

Einsteins equations for the space-time continuum are wrong. Wrong is alsothe whole idea about such continuum. Value of time-intervals depends only on thecurvature of the space, not on the speed as predicted by Special Theory of Relativity.Einsteins philosophical interpretation of the time-defect is wrong. In his theories of relativity the Living Observer is not present. In our universe, however, everything isrelative with respect to the unique absolute Living Observer (Life on Earth.) You can callthis fundamental concept Absolute Relativity.

The value of the world constant a0,p can be derived also from the equation:

;,10654.0; 28,,

2

,0 cm R Rc

a pun pun

p==

- 11 -


20/144

;/,10374.110654.0

)103( 2728

210

,0 scma p=

= )

287,0

,0 /,10746.8

21416.3

10374.1

2

scmaa p p ===

)

All moving (with respect to our planet) cosmic bodies must be older than earthsearliest material formations.

Let present now the main parameters of the universe in mathematical form.

=

=

cT R

T a R p2

,0

e p

p

p

p

m M Gc

c

ac

T

T aT c R

==

==

22

2

,0

2

,0

h

yearsbillionT m M Gc

T T pune p

p pun 83.13;

22 ,2

2

,=

== )h ) [I.8]

yearsbillionT m M Gc

T Obse p

pObs 4.4;

2

.2

2

.=

=

h[I.9]

cm Rm M Gm M Gc

cT c R pun

e p

p

e p

p pun ,10654.0;

28,2

2

2

2

,=

=

== )hh ) [I.10]

The above formula is very simple it contains only four world constants!Incredible, beautiful!

On another hand, the value of the universes size can be determined in thefollowing way:

atom p punn p pe pun R A Ror R A R == ,,,, , ) )

- 12 -


21/144

Where,

2

2

,2

2

2

22

, ;;; e M R

em R

M Ge

Am M G

e A

p

pn p

e

patom

p p

e p pe

=

=

=

= hh

e p

p

p

p

e pn p pe pun m M Ge M m M G

e R A R

=

==2

2

2

22

,,,

hh ), or

e p

p

e

p

patom p pun m M Gem M G

e R A R

=

==2

2

2

2

2

2

,

hh )

Beautiful, symmetric, results!

I.4. Stability of the Universe.

On Figure I-8 is presented the scheme of the forces acting on the two elements of the universe: and . I pun M ,

II pun M ,

u=c

Iun,p

Fc

H

a)

u=c

un,pR

FF

MIun,p

g

M

g H =Hun,pII

un,pI

IIun,p

Fc

- 13 -


22/144

b)

un,pR

Fig. I-8

M = Mun,pI

un,pII

Figure I-8,a shows the inner structure of the universe, while Figure I-8,b showsthe outside picture of the universe: . As outside observers, we see only

this face of the universe unique body.

II pun

I pun M M ,,

Both elements of the universe are in equilibrium:

;

0

,2

,2

,,

2,

2,

,

2,

G

Rc M

c

M G R

R

M G

R

c M F F

pun pun

pun pun

pun

pun

pun

pun g c

=

=

=rr

===e p

p pun

e p

p pun pun m M G

c M m M G

R R 22

22

,2

2,

,

hh )

[I.11]

g M pun ,108.214.31091.0)1067.1()1067.6(

)103()1005.1( 552722428

210227

,=

=

g M M puntot pun55

,,, 106.52 ==

times M

M

galaxyway Milky

pun 1144

55, 10

103108.2

= !

2212

24

2,

/2.0)1087.2(

1067.1cm g

R

M

n p

p ==

- 14 -


23/144

For average human being we have:

cm M

R R

M bhbh

bh

bh ,1012.62.0105.7

2.02.0 2

4..

..2..

.. ===

cm R

H bhbh ,1095.11416.31012.6 2

2..

..===

For the planet Earth:

cm R

cm R earthearth ,105.5;,1073.12.010598.0 1314

28

===

For the Sun:

..2120,1018.31416.3

1010;,10

2.0102 16

1617

33

U Acm Rcm R sun sun =====

(Solar System diameter)

For the Milky Way Galaxy:

cm Rcm R MWG MWG ,1088.31416.31022.1

;,1022.12.0103 22

2323

453

=

==

=

(Diameter of the Galaxy)

I.5. The Energy Balance of the Universe.

2,

2,, 2

2 c M c M E pun pun

unkin== !

2,

2,

2,

,

2,

,, c M

cG

M

M

R

G M E E pun

pun

pun

pun

punun g un pot

=

=

== !

- 15 -


24/144

Kinetic energy is positive; potential (gravitational) energy is negative.

02,2

,,,=== c M c M E E E pun punun g unkintot

Total energy of the universe is Zero!

erg c M E E punun g unkin ,1052.2)103(108.276210552

,,,====

erg E unkintot ,1004.5)1052.2(27676

,,== [I.12]

I.6. Moment of the Momentum of Motion.

2243

34

2

2

22

22

,,,

=

==e p

p

e p

p

e p

p pun pun pkin m M G

c

m M Gc

m M G

c Rc M H

hhh

2243

34

,,)(,

2

=+=e p

p II pun

I puntotal pun m M G

c H H H

h[I.13]

serg H total pun .,1048.393

)(,=

On another hand,

s E

H T serg T E H

pun

total punObsObs puntotal pun ,1038.11052.2

1048.3., 1776

93

,

)(,,)(,

====

yearsbillionT Obs 37.4=

Once again: so beautiful, so symmetric is our universe!

I.7. Another Applications of the World Constant a0,p

p

p

a scmerg

scm serg

ch

,0

,0

2//. =

- 16 -


25/144

Where,

p,0 - quantum energy, erg.

c

ah

ach p

p p

p ,0

,0,0

,0

==

min

max

min

min

,0,0

p p

c

a

h

erg m M Gc

c

m M cG

c

ah

p

e p p

e p

p p

p ,10838.42

4522

22

,0 =

=

=

=

h

hh ) )

Case #1

!,1086.3 112

22

,

,

2

ee

p

p

e p

p

p

p p x

p x

p g p

cmcmm M Gc

M G M G R

R

M G

Dh

h

)

)

==

=

=

=

==

Case #2

p

e p p p x

p xe p m M Gc ee R Re

h

) ) ==== 222

,,

2

- 17 -


26/144

321h

4 434 421

h

h

h

p

R

e p

p p x

e p

p pun

e p

p p x

ce

m M G R

m M G Rbut

m M Gc

e R

pun

=

=

=2

2

2

,

2

2

,

2

2

,

,

,

,

,,1074.41065.0107297,0 25283,, cm R R pun p x ===

Super Galaxy Cluster!

Where,

310297.7 =

p p

e

p

e p

p

e

p x A M G

e

cm

m M cG

e

R =

=

=2

22

2

,

h

h

D

cmc M

e R

p p ,10533.1...

162

2

1,==

=

cmc M

R p

p p ,1021.0...

132,

==

= h

==

=

ce

c M

c M e

R

R

p

p

p

p

p

p

hh

22

2

2,

1,

cm Re M e

c

c M R R pn p

p p

p

p p p ,1087.2

1 12,2

2

22,3,

===

==hhh

See Figure I-9.

- 18 -


27/144


28/144

2

2

2

2

1, c M

c M ee

p

p

e=

=

MeV erg e 85.6,101.1...5

2, ===

- Nuclear Bond Energy

KeV erg e 50,108.0...8

3,===

Lets consider the case:

e g =

x g R

e 2=

cme

R g

x ,109.110213.1)108.4( 2039

210

1,

2

1,=

==

cm R x ,106.2...22

2,==

cm R x ,1056.3...24

3,==

cm R x ,1086.4... 264, ==

cm R x ,1068.6...28

5,==

cm Rcm R eun x ,1018.11030

,30

6,==

I.8. The Unsolved Mystery of the Space Probes Pioneer 10,11 andVoyager I, II.

It all began in 1980 when Pioneer 10 was 20 a.u. from the Sun. At this distancethe spacecraft was sufficiently far from the Sun for the pressure of solar radiation to havedropped to a level where the 252 kilogram probe could no longer be accelerated by the

pressure. Some time after this, a systematic error became apparent which could be

- 20 -


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interpreted as an un-modeled acceleration, directed toward the Sun, which has been present ever since in all four spacecraft. The magnitude of this anomalous acceleration is(8.74 +/- 1.33 ) x 10 -8 cm/s 2. The latest calculations give much smaller values of thevariations around the value of a0 = 8.74 x 10 -8 cm/s 2.

In order to isolate the cause of the anomaly, every aspect of the probesconstituent parts have been assessed. This included the radio beam reaction force; theheat radiated and/or reflected from the craft using all sources, gas leakage and expelledhelium. Systematic external to the craft that have been assessed included solar radiation

pressure and mass, the effects of the solar wind and solar corona, electromagneticLorentz forces, the influence of Kuiper Belt gravity, as well as the mechanical and phasestability of all clocks involved. When these and all other factors are taken into account,the anomaly remains.

The possible physical origin of the anomaly was then discussed in detail. Firstwas Crawfords suggestion that a gravitational frequency shift of signals has occurred

that is proportional to the distance of the spacecraft and the density of the dust in theinterstellar medium. However, the known properties of the interstellar medium and thequantities and densities of dust are not large enough to produce an acceleration of therequired magnitude. Dark matter or modified gravity, such as Milgroms MOND model,fails because there should be observable effects on the orbits and distances of Earth andMars as well as elsewhere in the solar system. These effects are not seen.

The modifications proposed by Milgrom are the following: instead of F = ma , the

equation should be aaa

m F

=

0

, where )( x is a function that for a given variable x

gives 1 if x is much larger than 1 ( x >> 1) and gives x if x is much smaller than 1 ( x >1

x x =)( if x


30/144

2r GMm

F =

Where,

G gravitational constant;

M mass of MWG;

m mass of the star;

r - the distance between the center of MWG and the star;

Using the new law of dynamics gives:

aaa

mr GMm

F

== 02

We assume that, at this larger distance r , a is smaller than a0 and thus

00 aa

aa =

, which gives:

02 a

ar

GM =

Therefore,

r GMa

r GMa

a2/1

02/1

20 )(=

=

Since the equation that relates the velocity to the acceleration for circular orbit is

r V

a2

= one has:

r GMa

r V

a

2/10

2 )(==

Or, 4/10 )(GMaV =

Consequently, the velocity of stars on a circular orbit far from the center of galaxycenter is constant, and doesnt depend on the distance r the rotation curve is flat!

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At the same time, there is no clear relationship between velocity and the constanta0. The equation allows one to calculate a4/10 )(GMaV = 0 from the observed V and M .Milgrom found a0 = 1.2 x 10 -8 cm/s 2 = 1.2 x 10 -10 m/s 2.

Retrospectively, the impact of assumed value of a >>a0 for physical effects on

Earth remains valid. Had be a 0 larger, its consequences would have been visible on Earthand, since thats not the case, the MOND theory would have been inconsistent.

As an effective theory, it describes the dynamics of accelerated object with anequation, without any physical justification. MOND lacks a physical ground, some newfundamental principles about matter, space, time that would lead to the modified

justification.

There are some necessary requirements for any newborn theory:

It is designed to explain an observation or the result of an experiment for which other theories fail.

After it explains one particular observation, it must not be in clear contraction withall other observations and experimental results.

If competing with other new theories, it should describe how an observation andexperiment can distinguish it from other theories.

Ultimately, a theory becomes accepted by the scientific community only if it makes predictions that are verified later.

A newborn theory, unfortunately, is accepted by the official science if it doesntcontradict with accepted General Physical Dogma . Very often the belonging to some

professional, or national-religious group, is a decisive factor for the acceptance of thenewborn theory.

As about Milgroms theory, MOND satisfies criterion 1 and 5, but fails to satisfycriteria 2 to 4. The M. Milgroms MOND theory is just another failed attempt to refute

Newtons Law of Gravity . The Law of Gravity , discovered by the genial English scientistSir I. Newton is valid for the whole universe without any exceptions!

MOND formula for gravity is not universal it works in some cases (motion of stars in MWG) and doesnt work for other cases. For MWG we have:

g

MWG MWG g a

M G R

RGM

a

==2

For , we have:280 /102.1 scmaa g ==

- 23 -


32/144

cm R MWGa ,1008.4102.11031067.6 22

8

448

0=

=

40a M GV MWG MWG = , MONDs formula

skmcmV MWG /49109.4102.11031067.674 8448 ===

Any object which is located out of the zone of must have constant

velocity of rotation around the center of MWG. For the Large Magellan Cloud ( LMC ),however, it is not true (see Chapter II). LMC rotates around the center of MWG withmuch bigger velocity V

)(00 aa

R R R >

LMC 200 km/s.

MOND theory cannot explain also the mystery of Pioneers probes acceleration.Measured acceleration is: a0 = 8.74 x 10 -8 cm/s 2 >> a 0, MOND = 1.2 x 10 -8 cm/s 2, which is

much bigger than the MOND s acceleration a0 = 1.2 x 10-8

cm/s2

.

Acceleration a0 = 8.74 x 10 -8 cm/s 2 doesnt depend on the distance from the sun. Thisacceleration has no gravitational origin! For the solar system we have:

cm R SS a ,1005.1102.11021067.6 17

8

338

0=

=

The above calculated distance is much bigger than the distance betweenPioneer10 (the most remote space probe) and the sun.

The mystery of the space probes can be solved very easily the world constant a0 = 8.746 x 10 -8 cm/s 2 = (8.74 +/-) x 10 -8 cm/s 2 (observed value) !!! Can you consider this coincidence as a lucky shot? For every normally thinking scientist the coincidenceof so small numbers represents irrefutable prove for the veracity of the acceptedtheoretical model.

The first time I wrote about this constant was in my book Le Mond Vue duSommet Le Plus Haut in French, university publication, Algeria, 1983. In 1994 I

published (English) the first volume of GQM ( Final Quantum Revelation ) in the USA. Inthis book I wrote about some cosmic applications of this constant.

World constant a0 affects only the motion of the material bodies which aremoving on the two-dimensional surface of the Proton Matter universe. In other words, a0 is valid only for straight (forward or backward by contrast with the observer or the central

body) motion.

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I.9. Dark Matter and Dark Energy.

Most astronomers take the existence of dark matter for granted their theoriesneed its existence, so this invisible stuff must be real. Actually nobody knows exactlywhat Dark Matter is.

In modern cosmology dark matter consists of matter particles that cannot bedetected by their emitted radiation but whose presence can be inferred from gravitationaleffects on visible matter such as stars and galaxies. Much of the mass in the universe is

believed to exist in the dark sector. Much of the evidence for dark matter comes fromthe study of the motions of galaxies, galaxies in the galaxy super-clusters, stars located onthe edge of the galaxies, hot gas in the nebulas, etc. A significant amount of non-

baryonic, cold matter is necessary to explain the large scale structure of the universe.

Another important tool for future dark matter observations is gravitational lensingthat allows astrophysicists to characterize the distribution of dark matter by statistical

means.

Data from rotation curves indicate that nearly 90% of the mass of the galaxycannot be seen. It can only be detected by its gravitational effect. Several categories of dark matter have been postulated:

Hot dark matter Cold dark matter Baryonic dark matter

Hot dark matter consists of particles that travel with relativistic velocities. One

kind of hot matter is known, the neutrino. It is believed that neutrinos have a very smallmass, do not interact via either the electromagnetic or the strong nuclear force and so,they are incredibly difficult to detect. However, bounds on neutrinos indicate thatordinary neutrinos make only a small contribution to the density dark matter. Anightmare for astronomers represents the fact that there do not exist convincing proofs for the reality of neutrinos mass. Most likely neutrinos are mass less particles.

To explain structure of the universe it is necessary to invoke cold (non-relativistic) dark matter. Large masses, like galaxy-sized black holes can be ruled out onthe basis of gravitational lensing data. Possibilities involving normal baryonic matter include brown dwarfs or perhaps small, dense chunks of heavy elements; such objects are

known as massive compact halo objects, or MACHOs. However, studies of big bangnucleosynthesis have convinced most scientists that baryonic matter such as MACHOscannot be more than a small fraction of the total dark matter.

At present, the most common view is that dark matter is made of one or moreelementary particles other than the usual electrons, protons, and neutrons. Currently, themost commonly considered particles are axions, SIMPs, and WIMPs. None of these are

part of the standard model or particle physics. None of them are discovered yet. Another

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candidate is so-called sterile neutrino they can be added to the standard model toexplain the small neutrino mass.

Since it cannot be directly detected via optical means or other means used inelementary particles physics, many aspects of dark matter remain speculative.

In Asia people have a wise saying: Dont confuse the beating of your heart withthe clatter of your friends horse hooves. In the dark matter case scientists are takingsome indirect observational facts as direct proof for existence of dark matter. OnAugust 21, 2006, a Press Release was published: Dark Matter Observed: Most Direct

Measurement of Dark Matter Allows Study of its Nature . Scientists from the KavliInstitute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (KIPAC), located at the StanfortLinear Accelerator Center (SLAC) made the landmark observations by studying agalaxy cluster 3 billion years away. After receiving a Nobel Prize for a false discovery(quark model) a few years ago, the Kavli Institution announced to the world another

breakthrough discovery merit for another Nobel Prize award. One more time we are

witnesses of the huge power of money and massive propaganda in the science. The firsttime (for the quark model) scientists without money and propaganda backing likeItalian physicist Juliano Preparata were deprived from Nobel Prize for models much

better than the Cavli scientists, now another of their representatives are a candidate for another false Nobel Prize. O, Tempora, O, More !

Lets see what direct proofs they have. The research is based on observations of a cosmic structure called the bullet cluster. This structure is actually two clusters of galaxies passing through one another. As the two clusters cross at a speed of 10 millionmiles per hour, the luminous matter in each cluster interacts with the luminous matter inthe other cluster and slows down. But the dark matter, as they believe, in each cluster

does not interact at all, passing right through without disruption. This difference ininteraction causes the dark matter to sail ahead of the luminous matter, separating eachcluster into two components: dark matter in the lead and luminous matter lagging behind.To detect this separation of dark and luminous matter, researchers compared X-rayimages of the luminous matter with measurements of the clusters total mass. To learn thetotal mass, they took measurements of a phenomenon called gravitational lensing, whichoccurs when the clusters gravity distorts light from background galaxies. The greater thedistortion, the more massive is the cluster. Showing (at the American Physical Society inWashington, D.C.) a colorful image of the separation of these two types of matter, anexcited scientist shouted: If youre religious, its like seeing the face of God. What theysaw, however, was Gods middle finger.

The so-called gravitational lensing of distant quasars is due to other causes (seeGQM , Volume I, Part IV, Chapter 4.) Quantum boundaries of the world make quasarsclass I to split into several duplicates-twins (separated in space) having absolutelyidentical characteristics. The zone of existing of twins-quasars is about 2 MPk across.

Dark energy is another mathematical creation of the contemporary acceptedcosmology. In 1998 two independent observations mapping distant supernovas showed

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that the universe might be accelerating outward. The only way to explain this mysteriousacceleration, as scientists suggested, was to put the cosmological constant back intoEinsteins equations. For one thing, the cosmological constant is explained as energy inthe very vacuum of space itself. Though technically nothing, the vacuum has an anti-gravitational repulsion, giving it an enormous burst of energy to let it accelerate. This is,

of course, the same repulsive force thought to have driven inflation in the first momentsof the universe. This new discovery has forced many skeptics of the inflationary theory toadmit that its a little more likely.

As we explained before, the effect of acceleration is due to the world quantumconstant a0. Dark energy is a utopia! There exists no energy without a material carrier;there exists no undetectable physical vacuum composed by some variable pure energyglimpses or some virtual particles. Every elementary particle comes from another elementary particle! Philosophically it is impossible to create material particles out of thefrozen energy reservoir of the physical vacuum. New elementary particles can be

born only in the collisions between other elementary particles. It is absolutely

philosophically incorrect to equalize matter with its gravitational mass: matter is one of the six main forms of the Reality ; gravitational mass is a potential energy (another mainform of Reality ). See GQM , Volume III, Chapter I.

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Chapter II

World Constant a 0,e and its role in the Universe

The world constant a 0,e is another quantum minimum acceleration. Unlikeconstant a 0,p, constant a 0,e is valid only for the Electron Matter Universe the three-dimensional space-material continuum l ( X Y Z ). The effect of this constant ismanifested only in rotation around some central body. See Figure II-1.

Vn

Electron Matter

UniverseR = 1.84x10 cmun,e

30

a

a) n+

Observer (central body)

R = 0.654x10 cm

body moving straightforward or backward

n

a

+

0,p 0,e Vea (n m )

-n

l+

un,p


28

b) Electron

e R =

2 . 8 2 x 1

0 c m

- 1 3

e

R


37/144


38/144

299

,0 /,10487.05708.1107652.0

scma e

== [II.4]

22 /, scmT

Ra =

2;;

,0

,02,02,0

=====e

e

e

eee

ee R

Ra

a

T

Ra

T

Raconst T

) )

)

)

Some applications of the world constant ea ,0

II.1. Flattening of Milky Way Galaxy (MWG)

In the beginning of the 1980s, the first observational evidence was reported thatgalaxies do not spin as expected according to then current theories. A galaxy is acollection of stars orbiting the bulge (in the center of the galaxy.) Since the orbit of starsis driven solely by the gravitational force, it was expected that stars at the edge would have an orbital period much larger than those near the bulge. For example, the Earthwhich is 1.5 x 10 13 cm away from the Sun completes an orbit in one year, while it takesSaturn 30 years to do the same at a distance of 1.4 x 10 14 cm.

A similar behavior was expected from galaxies, even if the distribution of stars ismore cloud-like. However, it became more and more apparent that stars at the edge of agalaxy move faster than expected. Astronomers call this phenomenon the flattening of galaxys rotation curve. Basically, if one draws a curve describing the velocity of starsas a function of the distance from the center, he or she should obtain curve I in Figure II-2. Data from telescopes give curve II. This curve, instead of decreasing asymptotically tozero, remains flat at large distance from the bulge.

Reluctant to change Newtons law as well as Einsteins theory of relativity for galaxies only, scientists simply assumed that the rotation curve was flat because of the

presence of a large amount of matter outside the galaxies (dark matter.) However, thereexist no direct proves of existing of such invisible dark matter.


39/144

V e l o c

i t y , c

m / s

1.5x10 7

Distance, cm

Fig. II-2

221x10

I

II

II.2. Milky Way Galaxy Large Magellanic Cloud System.

The Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and its apparent neighbor, the SmallMagellanic Cloud (SMC), are dwarf irregular galaxies satellites of our galaxy. TheMagellanic Clouds and the Milky Way Galaxy form the nearest ensemble of interactinggalaxies. On Figure II-3 is shown a sketch of the system Milky Way Galaxy LargeMagellanic Cloud.

On Table II-1 are shown current positions of the LMC and SMC with differentchoices of the velocity vectors.

The flattening of galaxys rotation curve is due to the effect of world constanta 0 ,e. See below.

Large Magellanic Cloud

MWG-LMCR =1.61x10 cm

M =3x10 g

LMCLMCVtot Fig. II-3

MWG-LMCR

MWG

MWG

44

23


40/144

R R RaV ea e === 59

,0 1021.210487.0,0 [II.5]

skmscmV LMC a e /7.88/,1087.8101.161021.26225

,0===

( );/,1072.7

1061.1

1031067.6 210223

448

2 scm R M G

a MWG LMC g =

==

skmscm RaV g LMC g /5.111/,10115.11061.110772.0

7239 ====

Astronomical observations give:

skmV LMC tot /2.2005.1117.88 =+=

Table II-1

Coordinates LMC orbit SMC orbitx, y, z [kpc] -1.0, -40.7, -26.3 14.8, -36.1, -41.9vx, vy, v z [km/s] 4144, -20031, 16937 60172, -174172, 173128 Kroupa&Bastianvx, vy, v z [km/s] -5639, -21923, 18635 van der Marelvx, vy, v z [km/s] 0, -219, 186 0, -174, 173 Most likely values

;,0 gatot

V V V e

+=

;1021.2 5 RV g =

R R R M G

R R

M GV MWG LMC g

18448

2

1047.41031067.6 ===

=

[II.6]

R RV MWGtot

185 1047.41021.2

+= [II.7]

The spatial dimension of the MWG is determined by the quantum boundary Rd :

cm E

Rd ,1035.1 10=

ergc M E MWG ,107.2)103(103 65210442 ===


41/144

cm R MWGd ,1085.31035.11027 22

10

64

==

..200,81.;.600,40...,,1042.2 23 yl D yl Ror cm L MWG MWG MWG ====

See Figure II-4.

t o t

V

= 2 7 1

k m / s

M W G

M W G

D

8 1 , 0

0 0 l . y

.

Fig. II-4

The above calculations match perfectly the observational data!

skmV MWG

tot /2718.2272.431085.3

1047.41085.31021.2 22

18225

=+=

+=

yearsmillionT or sV L

T MWGrot LWGtot

MWG MWGrot 282,,10893.01071.2

1042.2 167

23

====

On Figure II-5 is shown the calculated curve of rotation for the MWG.


42/144

V , km/stot

R, cmR SMCR LMCR MWG

Flatiness

Fig. II-5(1x10 cm)

22

As we see from Figure II-6, my theoretical model solves unanimously theobserved flattering problem.

II.3. Another Applications of the constant a 0,e

II.3.1. Electron Matter Universe

+ l

3 0

R

= 1 . 8

4 x 1 0 c m

u n , e

- l

V=c

End of theUniverse

Observer (Earth)

3 0

u n , e

R

= 1 . 1 7 4 x 1 0 c m

Fig. II-6


43/144

scm RV eunun

a e/,10310843.11021.21021.2 10305,

5,0

=== )

cV una e =,0

For , we have:e MWGg aa ,0=

cm R R M G MWG

aa

MWG

e

e

,1003.2...;10487.0 239,0

,0

===

ea MWGSMC Rcm yl R

,0,102..000,210 23 == ,

Where,SMC Small Magellanic Cloud.

II.3.2. Solar System.

Sun R S S

Fig. II-7

54E 1.8x10 gSS

33M 2x10 gSS

Ra RV gSS

tot += 51021.2

2

25

2

338

2

1034.131021067.6 R R R

M Ga SS g

==

=

R RaV g

SS g

1310155.1...

=== [II.8]


44/144

R RV SS tot

135 10155.11021.2

+= [II.9]

..600,6101035.1

108.1

1035.1

1710

54

10 uacm E

R SS d

=

=

..000,351025.5... 17

,0,0

uacma

M G R

e

SS SS a e

===

=

This spatial dimension covers the zone of so-called Oort Cloud!

On Figure II-8 is shown the calculated curve of rotation for the Solar System.

V , km/sSStot

Flatiness

Fig. II-8

117R x10 cm

skmscmV SS /32.0/102.34 =

cm LSS d 171028.6

years yearsT or sV

LT SS

SS

SS d

SS 000,620102.6,,1096.1102.31028.6 513

4

17

=====


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The Solar System was never created! The long-period comets represent icychunks coming from the edge of the Solar System; they are accelerated by the quantumconstant a 0,e. See Figure II-9.

2F

c o m e t

VSun

2R

Fig. II-9

F1

1R

21F =F

T = T1 2

V SS

cm Rcm R R SS a e14

217

1 10;1025.5,0 =

Applying one of the Kepplers law, one can obtain the relation:

=2

1

,0 R R

V

V SS

a

comets

e

skmskm R R

V V SS acomets e /700,1/,107.1101025.5

32.0 31417

1

2,0

====

II.3.3. Human Being.

;1075.6;105.775 25..4

.. erg E gkg M bhbh ==

cmmeters Lmeters R bhd bh

d 3..

10

24.. 1082.32.38;09.6

1035.1105.67 ===

=

..116...4

2

msq D

F === - a family apartment?


46/144

scmV ea

/10545.01009.610487.0 329,0

==

;/,1035.1... 282.. scm

R

M Ga

d

bhg

==

=

scmV g /1093.21009.61035.1328 ==

scmV tot /10472.33=

daysT or sV

LT bhbh

tot

bhd

bh 7.1210864.0101.1

,,101.110472.31082.3

5

6

..6

3

3

..

..

..=

==

== =

)

week daysT

T bhbh 1857.17.12

2

....

===

)

meterscma

M G R

e

bhbha e

32102.31087.4

105.71067.6 310

48

,0

....,0

==

=

=

scmV ea

/10248.1102.310487.0 339,0

==

L =2x10 cm

R =3.2x10 cm=32 m

a , e R

human being

h.b.

a,e

Fig. II-10

4

3

year sV L

T ea

bhd

bh 2/1,106.110248.1102 7

3

4..

..

,0

==

===


47/144

II.4.The Mystery of Mercurys Precession.

According to Newtonian physics, a planet orbiting a spherical mass would traceout an ellipse with the spherical mass in focus. The point of closed approach, called

perihelion in the solar system is fixed. There are a number of solar system effects thatcause the perihelion of a planet to process, or rotate around the sun. These care mainly

because of solar oblateness and the presence of other planets, which perturb orbits. The precession of the perihelion of Mercury was a longstanding problem in celestialmechanics. Careful observations of Mercury showed that the actual value of the

precession disagreed with that calculated from Newtons theory by 43 arc-seconds per century, which was much larger than the experimental error at the time. Astronomersthink that they found the answer of this mystery Einsteins general theory of relativity.

The total observed precession of Mercury is 5,600 arc-seconds per century withrespect to the position of the vernal equinox of the sun. This precession is due to thefollowing causes see Table II-2 Sources of the precession of perihelion for Mercury .

Table II-2

Amount (arc s/century) Cause5025.6 Coordinate531.4 Gravitational tugs of the other planets< 0.1 Oblateness of the sun

42.98 0.04 General relativity5600.0 Total5599.7 Observed

My explanation of this mystery is totally different from GTR. The defect in precession of the perihelion of the planets in the solar system is due to the effect of quantum spatial dimension sungr ,

)

. The so-called gravitational radius is the minimum

(quantum) dimension for material body with mass m . Because the planets orbit parameters cannot be changed (due to Kepplers laws and Newtons law of gravity), thisextra quantum spatial dimension is added to the spatial dimension of the orbit. See FigureII-11.


48/144

L

p= 2 radiantsy

Fig. II-11

Sun

R o r b i t

y

g,sunr

orbit

2orbit R

sungr ,

)

-------------------------------------------------

revolutionradians R

r

orbit

sung /,2 ,

) =

[II.10]

2,, c

M Gr r sunsungsung

== ) [II.11]

As we know from the previous publications, every material body representsdialectical unit of two struggling elements. On Figure II-12 is shown the internalstructure of a material body.


49/144

a)

V=c

M =MIc

II

c

Fig. II-12n gR = r

h+

n+cF

b)

Fg

IIM M I

The internal stability of the body means balance of the forces:

R M G

V R

M G R

V M F F gc

=== 22

22

;0rr

For 22 ; c M G

r c

M Gr RcV gg

==== )

Hence,

orbit

sun

orbit

sung

Rc M G

R

r 2,22

=

=

)

revolutionradians Rc

M G

orbit

sunGQM /,

22

2

=

[II.12]

The formula given by General Relativity (GTR) is:

,6

2orbit

sunGR Rc

M G

=

Where,GQM

- according to General Quantum Mechanics;

GR - according to the General Theory of Relativity.


50/144

047.136

2 2 ===

GR

GQM !

As we see, both formulae give close results!

For Mercurys perihelion precession we have:

revolutionrad M /.,1005.510579.0)103(1021067.614.32 7

13210

3382

=

=

rev M M N years = )100(

Where,cm R M ,10579.0

13= - the average distance to the Sun;.centuryrev N rev /.2.415=

sarcrevolut rad century M 1.43./.,10095.22.4151005.5)(

47 ===

The above calculated value of M is in perfect coincidence with observed value! Notice that formula is precise only for ideal (circle) orbit. For the planet Earth we have:

centurysarc E /6.16105.110579.0

1.43 1313

=

=

For the whole Solar System we have:

,;1035.1

210 c M E

E R R SS SS

SS d SS

=

==

Where,- orbit (dimension) of the Solar System;SS R

- quantum boundary, see Chapter VII;d

R

- mass of the whole Solar SystemSS M

erg E g M SS SS ,102)103(102;102542103333 ===

..000,71005.11035.1

102 1710

54

U Acm RSS ==


51/144

./.,10062.31005.1)103(

1021067.614.322 1117210

3382

2

2

revolut rad Rc

M G

SS

SS SS

=

=

=

= 2SS full rotation of the Solar System around its axis.

rotations N rot 11

11 1005.210062.32 =

=

scm RaV SS ea e /,10715.01005.110487.04179

,0,0===

cm R L SS SS ,106.6217==

yearssT SS ,1092.2,1023.910715.0106.6 613

4

17

==

=

yearsmillionT SS 3 !

Let return again to the Mercurys case. See Figure II-13.

Fig. II-13MV

MercurySun

cm R Sun Mercury ,1046.0)(min13=

cm R Sun Mercury ,10698.0)(max13=

M M ea R RaV e ==5

,0 1021.2,0


52/144

s yearsT T V Lee aa

,1016.3100; 9,0,0

===

M M a R R L e == 495 1098.61016.31021.2

,0

See Figure II-14.

a ,e0L

y

Fig. II-14

L

Mercuryorbit

M

M M M R R L == 28.62

If consider the whole observed precession of the orbit equal to the effect due to

the world constant ea ,0 , then we have:

sarcsarc 3106.5600,5 ==

sarc L

sarc L

ea

M

3

6

106.5

10296.1360

,0

=

34

6

106.51098.6

10296.128.6

M

M

R

R

643 10296.11098.6106.528.6 = M M R R


53/144

cm R R Mercury M

13max, 10698.0 = !

Is this a lucky coincidence? I dont think so!


54/144

Chapter III

The Real Nature of Gravity

Although A. Einstein never understood the nature of gravity, he was right to claimthat material bodies curve the space around them. All tests of General Relativity proveunanimously this concept.

To my understanding, the gravity is an elastic reaction of the space-materialcontinuum to the presence of material bodies in it. Here, below, I will explain that myconcept.

Space and Time are attributes of the matter only they are framework of

existence of the matter. Einsteins space is just a geometrical recipient of material bodies.This space is a pure geometry deprived of any substance; this space is a materialnothingness. Material nothingness cannot be deformed. Imaginary Geometric Space (avirtual reality) can be curved only in the scientists consciousness, on paper, or in somecomputer animation. It is amazing that modern scientists dont understand that.

Time cannot be curved at all! There exists not such material substance as Time .Time is a mathematical product of space and speed: space dimension/speed dimension. Inour universe there exists one and unique Time Arrow the Time Arrow of the UniqueObserver the Life on Earth. This problem will be better illuminated in Chapter VIII.

As I argued before ( GQM , Volume I), the matter possesses dual nature: first,matter has an individual face-presentation (individual material bodies), second, matter

has common quantum face. Bodies in the solar system, for example, are individualobjects on one hand, and they are unique quantum system on another hand. Asindividuals, the bodies-elements of the solar systems exchange information, substance,and energy with the help of material carriers or in direct contact between them. The speedof this exchange is limited by the speed of light. As unique quantum system, those bodiescan exchange energy and information without help of material carriers andinstantaneously (not limited by the speed of light.)

Modern physicists think of the fundamental forces in terms of particle exchange.Gravity is thought to be mediated by the exchange of a mass less spin-2 particle calledthe graviton. The fact that graviton has zero mass (as theorized by scientists) explainsthe long-range nature of gravity. On another hand, as we know from the modern physics,

gravitons must possess features of wave gravity waves must move with speed of light.The fact that nobody detected yet these waves doesnt bother too much scientists.Someday these waves will be detected and unification (marriage) of the geometrical (bynature) General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics will be proven fact. Blessed are thefaithful!

Let present here my point of view about this fundamental force in nature.


55/144

III.1. Space-Material Continuum

As was shown in Chapter I, the values of parameters of the universe are:

222

22

,

=

e p

p pun

m M G

c M

h

2

2

,e M

R p

pn p

=h )

e p

p

p

p

pen p pe pun

m M Ge M M mGe

R A R

=

==2

2

2

22

,,,

hh )

222

2,

,

==

e p

p pun pun

m M G

R R

h )

The gravity radius of the Proton Matter Universe is:

pun

e p

p

e p

p pun pung R

m M Gm M Gc

cG

c

M Gr ,

2

2

222

22

2

,,,

22

=

=

=

hh!!!

cm Rr pun pung ,10416.0...28

,,,== See Figure III-1.


56/144

R

=

r

u n , e

g , u

n , e

u n , p

g , u

n , p

l+

l+

l+

l+l+

l+

l+

Electron Matter Universe

R

=

r


l+

Fig. III-1

The same is valid for the Electron Matter Universe :

;3242

2

22

,ee

eeeeunmG

e

mG

em Am M

=

==

;324

2

2

2

2

,eee

eeeunmcG

e

mG

e

cm

e A R R

=

==

eune

eeuneung R

mcGe

c

mGeG

c

M Gr ,32

4

2

32

4

2

,,,

=

=

= !!!

Gravitational radius is the smallest possible quantum spatial dimension of any

material body with mass M . Being a quantum unit, this spatial dimension cannot bedivided into smaller parts; material body in this limit quantum state has no elements, nodistinguished zones, or distinguished points. Such state of body represents materialcontinuum.

gr

The space occupied by all Proton Matter bodies in the universe represents Two-dimensional spherical material manifold. This manifold is the space of our Proton

Matter Universe !

On another hand, we are swimming in another ocean the three-dimensionalmanifold of the Electron Matter Universe l ( x y z).


57/144

pun R ,cm R

cmr

pun

pung

28,

28,,

10416.0

10416.0

=

=

At any given direction the spatial dimension of the Proton Matter Universe must be bigger/or equal to pungr ,, ; at the same time, this dimension must be smaller/or equal to

cm R pun28

, 10416.0 = . Obviously the only possible solution of this dilemma is constantspatial dimension of the universe in all directions of the space-material continuum. Onanother hand, at any point of the two-dimensional manifold ( Proton Matter Universe), or,at any point of the three-dimensional manifold ( Electron Matter Universe), the value of the quantum acceleration must be equal. However, equal acceleration means equal radiusof curvature. So, our universe is perfectly spherical!

The presence of individual bodies in this two-dimensional space-continuumcreates local disturbance in this ideal spherical form. See Figure III-2.

Two-dimensionalmanifold-universe

Fig. III-2

M 1

M 2

M 3

u n , p

g , u n , p

R

= r

= 0 . 4 1 6 x

1 0 c m

2 8

M > M > M3 2 1

As I argued in GQM, Volume II, the Proton Matter manifold is open to outside.Hence, all Proton Matter material bodies are located on the outside surface of thismanifold.

Visually I observed such picture in the case of artificially created ball lightning.As we know already from the previous volumes of GQM, ball lightning nucleusrepresents two-dimensional Proton Matter manifold. See Figure III-3.

Fig. III-3

Ball Lightning =two-dimensionalquantum manifold

metalicrod


58/144

An individual material body (with mass in rest) exercises pressure on the space-material continuum. The elastic reaction of the deformed material manifold is opposite

pressure on the disturbing material body. Every action engenders opposite reaction! SeeFigure III-4.

Fig. III-4Fg

M

Fc

two-dimensionalspace-materialcontinium

The reaction of the deformed space-material continuum (by some material bodywith mass in rest) is what we know to be a Gravity. Or in another words, Gravity isthe Elastic Response of the Disturbed (by some material body with mass M) Space-Material Continuum!!!

As I argued before, any material object represents dialectic unity of two internalopposites M I and M II which are in eternal struggle and cooperation. See Figure III-5.

M = M

a) one bodyM M

b) two bodies

F

IIM

g

g

F

III MI

Fig. III-5

1

F

2M

g,1-2

2 M 1

At first glance the space-material continuum represents nothing but a little bit

repainted version of the Aether . Aether (sometimes colloquially shortened to ether )is an ancient concept dating back into antiquity. Aether is the medium of space whileether is the gas that knocks you out.

Thus, in its most basic form, Aether is nothing more than a distributed physicalmedium permeating the entire universe, endowing it (the space) with measurable physicalqualities. In modern theories Aether is not required to be. Aether is not preferred frame (itcould be, but isnt required to be.) The specific properties of the Aether are not defined,as should be clear, from the above definition. To be a preferred reference frame, the

Aether and matter must be assigned certain characterisitics, which is encompassed by


59/144

specific models of Aether. It is these specific variations and conceptual models that, once,defined, can be evaluated and tested.

Currently, modern science uses the term material fields or fabric instead of Aether, since the term Aether has become associated with the space, not with some

specific fundamental forces.

There exist several experiments which aim to prove or disprove the reality of Aether.

Michelson-Morely experiment

A light beam is split into two perpendicular component paths, A and B which areof equal length. Path A is in direction of earths motion and path B is at right angles to A.It was expected that, due to earths motion, the time to travel path A would be less thanthe time to travel path B, and therefore, upon reconverting the light beams the frequencies

would be out of phase and would of necessity exhibit an interference pattern. No suchinterference was n

universe that's simple

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