universita’ di catania · that keep on triac in the dimmer. salvatore tomarchio feature...
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Salvatore Tomarchio
XXI Brain Storming Day
Unict – Catania
29 Ottobre 2010
Salvatore Tomarchio
Ph.D. student - XXV ciclo
Tutor Prof. Angelo Raciti
UNIVERSITA’ DI CATANIA
DIEES – Department of Electrical Electronic and
Systems Engineering
Salvatore Tomarchio
Subjects of Research
Power Switching Converters (Low and
Medium Power).
a. LED Lamps or Solid State Lighting (SSL)
b. Power Converters for Power Module IGBTs and
Short Circuit Failure Mode (SCFM)
Salvatore Tomarchio
The Research Activity is part of a European project, CSSL Project
(Consumerizing Solid State Lighting).
27 Partners, such us:
(Philips – lighting, Research; TNO; M2i; Boschman BV; Wittenburg;
STMicroelectronics; Università di Catania - DIEES; Archimede; Cambridge
University, Nat. Centre of Microelectronics, Leitat, Czech Technical University
and other… ).
LED Lamps or SSL (Solid State Lighting)
LED Lamps (SSL)
Salvatore Tomarchio
The workpackages and their objective are:
WP 1 – Specification and Architecture
WP 2 – LED Device
WP 3 – Electronics and Control
WP 4 – Reliability, Thermal and Safety
WP 5 – Prototype and Verification
WP 6 – Project and Management, Dissemination and
Exploration
Work Plane
Salvatore Tomarchio
WP 3 – Electronics and Control
WP3 will design, develop, validate and prototype a new generation
of integrated electronic driver for LED lighting including the
dimming control. It will focus on features that can be classified
into three levels: Low End (Basic features, very low cost), Mid End
(general purpose features) and High End (Advanced features). For
instance, features such as tuneable white colour, failure
diagnosis and detection, Power factor control, switch and
dimming control through wired or wireless protocols, etc.
WP 5 – Prototype and Verification
The objectives of WP5 are : integrate development and innovation
achievements and deliver physical demonstrators on both
component and system level; evaluate retrofit prototypes,
comparable retrofit products and the integrated system through
field assessments; promoting and developing market for the SSL
retrofit products by working with utility partners.
Work Plane
Salvatore Tomarchio
I. Study of the bright greatness and transmission of the heat.
II. Comparison between the more important LED Lamp manufactures.
III. Study and Analysis of the high light LED technology devices.
IV. Analysis of the Power Converter Architectures for Module LEDs driving.
V. Realization by a LED Lamp prototype.
VI. Thermal characterization in order to understanding the temperature limit of the
prototype.
VII. Electrical Characterization, Evaluation of the electrical stress in short circuit
condition, over voltage and voltage decrease, LED failure, and other.
Solid State Lighting – Outline
Salvatore Tomarchio
I. Study of the bright greatness and transmission of the heat.
II. Comparison between the more important LED Lamp manufactures.
III. Study and Analysis of the high light LED technology devices.
IV. Analysis of the Power Converter Architectures for Module LEDs driving.
V. Realization by a LED Lamp prototype.
VI. Thermal characterization in order to understanding the temperature limit of the
prototype.
VII. Electrical Characterization, Evaluation of the electrical stress in short circuit
condition, over voltage and voltage decrease, LED failure, and other.
Solid State Lighting – Outline
Salvatore Tomarchio
Light Feature Value
System flux 806 lm
System efficacy 67 lm/W
CCT 2700
CRI >85
Dimmable 10%-100%
Lifetime >25000 h
Maximum input power < 12 W
Operating temperature -20°C to 45°C
Electrical Feature Value
Input Voltage 230V +/- 10% AC 50 Hz
Dimming compatibility Leading and trailing edge
Dimming levels 10% - 100%
Low level startLamp start at lowest
dimmer setting
FlickeringNo flicker for
recommended dimmer list
Driver efficiency > 85%
Starting
light on within 0.5 s. At
nominal power: 30% flux
after 0.1s, 70% after 1.0s
under nominal operation
Output power 11 W
Early failures < 1% failures after 1000h
Light and Electrical System
Feature
Salvatore Tomarchio
The dimmer is a device that to allows reduce the power consumption by the load (LEDs) and it
can be controlled in remote. Furthermore, it’s causes harmonic distortion due to cut the
shape of the grid waveform and alike increases in frequency components.
Dimmer Compatibility
Digital Dimming:
When the device is supplied from a dimmer, the LED
current is decreased by a PWM. The duty cycle of the
PWM is set according to the AC mains RMS value.
Bleeder Circuit.
It allow the device to operate on low AC RMS input
Voltage, because this circuit pull the minimum current
that keep ON TRIAC in the dimmer
Salvatore Tomarchio
Feature
Requirements
1. High Efficiency
2. Low Cost
3. Low Output
4. Voltage
5. PFC > 0.7
Architecture Topology
Characteristics Power
Converter
1. Not isolated Power
Converter
2. Buck Converter
3. Active PFC
Salvatore Tomarchio
Options:
1. Power MOSFET N-Channel
2. Power MOSFET P- Channel
Experimental Analysis on Switch
Driving in Buck Converter
Power Switches
Vo
utD
C
COMPARISON
First. Topology: Second Topology:
Shift level (N – Ch) Current Mirror (P-Ch)
BleederPower Switches
Bleeder
Salvatore Tomarchio
VinAC
[V]VinDC
[V]D
[%]PON
[W]POFF
[W]PCOND
[W]PTOT
[W]Pload
[W]PIN
[W]η
[%]
15 21,2 94,3 28·10-3 5,8 ·10-3 0,292 0,326 4,1 5,9 69
150 212 9,4 0,389 0,148 0,110 0,656 7,27 10,6 68
220 311 6,3 1,280 0,400 59·10-3 1,739 7,27 10,8 67
Losses in Power MOSFET
and Global Efficiency
Power Switches
Vo
utD
C
Salvatore Tomarchio
VinAC
[V]VinDC
[V]D
[%]PON
[W]POFF
[W]PCOND
[W]PTOT
[W]IG
[A]ID
[A]
220 311,13 6,5 0,275 1,15 98·10-3 1,52 19 ·10-3 380·10-3
Power Loss on Current Mirror:
Plosses ~500 mW
Losses in Power MOSFET
and Global Efficiency
Power Switches
Salvatore Tomarchio
University of Catania , DIEES – ARIEL, Catania, Italy
ABB Corporate Research, Västerås, Sweden
Salvatore Tomarchio
Tutor:
Prof. Angelo Raciti
Ing. Filippo Chimento
Internship in ABB AB Corporate Research, Västerås (SW),
from. 1-09-2010 to. 28-02-2011
INTERNSHIP
Salvatore Tomarchio
Vlinea
400 V – 4 kV
+
-
High Power System > 1 MW
IGCT
Vblocco ~ 4.5 kV
IN ~ 1 kA
Operating Field of Research
IGBT
Salvatore Tomarchio
GDU
• Turn ON
Process
• Turn OFF
Process
• Monitoring
functions
• Protective
functions
Power Supply
DC-DC Converter
Logic Control
FPGA
Protection
Circuits
GDU
(Gate Drive Unit)
Interfaces
I/O
Operating Field of Research
Salvatore Tomarchio
Outline
1. Auxiliary Supply System in failure condition
2. Power Supply for IGBT and IGCT Gate Driving
(Scaling components System from 5 W to 100 W)
3. SCFM (Short Circuit Failure Mode) operation of
Power Module IGBTs
Typical HVDC-FACTS Topology
1.
2.
3.
Salvatore Tomarchio
1. Auxiliary Supply System in failure condition
a. Optical Power Supply
b. Systems fed by external circuits
Power Converters for Power
Module IGBTs
Salvatore Tomarchio
1. Auxiliary Supply System in failure condition
a. Optical Power Supply
Power Converters for Power
Module IGBTs
Primary
DC/DC
Secondary
DC/DC
Logic
DC/DC
DetectorOptical input
power
supervision
Logic
Driver
15 V
1.2 – 1.8 V
3-5 V
Salvatore Tomarchio
1. Auxiliary Supply System in failure condition
b. Systems fed by external circuits
Power Converters for Power
Module IGBTs
G.U.
G.U.
G.U.
Salvatore Tomarchio
Power Converters for Power
Module IGBTs
1. Auxiliary Supply System in failure condition
b. Systems fed by external circuits
G.U.
G.U.
G.U.
G.U.
Salvatore Tomarchio
2. Power Supply for IGBT and IGCT Gate Driving
(Scaling components System from 5 W to 100 W)
The GDU needs a external power supply
that gets energy by the external circuit
Power Converters for Power
Module IGBTs
Vline
400 V – 4 kV
Salvatore Tomarchio
Power Converters for Power
Module IGBTs
In order to obtain 300 V in output of the DC-DC 1, the
Buck Converter has been used as DC-DC Power
Converter topology.
Topics Discussed
1. The devices size choice
(Active and Passive)
a. MOSFET 3X 1500V/8A
b. Diode 4 X 1200V/5A
c. Inductor L = 53 mH
d. Capacitor C = ....
2.Voltage Sharing in Series
Connection Devices3.Series Connection Devices
Driving
Passive
solution
for
voltage
sharing
balance
Salvatore Tomarchio
3. SCFM of Power Module IGBTs
Short Circuit Failure
Mode (SCFM)
1. In HVDC application, to prevent shut down of the system due
to the defect arising in a IGBT Module, redundant modules are
included in the system, such that the surviving modules share
the voltage and the failed module is still able to carry the load
current .
3. When the chip fails, it dissipates, for a very short duration, a
sufficiently high energy to melt the platelet and forms a stable
alloy with silicon. Metals like silver and aluminum are preferred
as they form low melting eutectic alloys with silicon.
2. This “short circuit failure mode” has an important
consequence on the Module design. A single failed chip and its
contact system must conduct the whole load current. To reduce
the resistance of the failure path through the chip, a metal
platelet is used in contact with the silicon chip.
Salvatore Tomarchio
Publications
1. Convertitori di potenza nel campo del lighting: soluzioni innovative per
l’applicazione alle lampade a catodo freddo, F. Chimento, S. Musumeci, A.
Raciti, S. Tomarchio, R. Scollo, Proceedings of Congresso Nazionale AEIT,
AEIT'06, Capri (Italy), September, 16th-20th 2006.
2. Optimized Design of Power Semiconductor Devices for DC-AC Royer Converter
Topology in Case of CCFL Lighting Applications, F. Chimento, S. Musumeci, A.
Raciti, S. Tomarchio, R. Scollo, Proceedings of the 12th International Power
Electronics and Motion Control Conference, EPE-PEMC 2006, August 30th -
September 1st, 2006, Portoroz, Slovenia.
3. Dispositivi di potenza innovativi in convertitori DC-DC per la produzione di
energia da campi fotovoltaici, A. Raciti, S. Musumeci, S. Tomarchio, R. Scollo, S.
Buonomo, L. Abbatelli, AEIT 2009, Sostenibilità energetica: Tecnologie e
Infrastrutture - La ricerca incontra l'industria, Catania (Italy), September, 27th-
29th 2009.
Submitted:
1) Paper for publication on EPE Journal, “Experimental Investigation of a
Monolithic Cascode device in a Forward Converter for Industrial Application”.
2) “A High Input Voltage Power Supply for Gate Driving Application Based on Series
Connection of Power Switches”
3) “Parasitic Evaluation in IGBT Module with Physics Based and Behavioural
Model”
4) “Influence of the Temperature on the Parameters of Punch Through IGBTs in
Parallel Connection”