Universiti Malaysia PAHANG Engineering • Teohnology • c:::reetMty

SUPERVISOR'S DECLARATION

We hereby declare that we have checked this thesis and in our opinion, this thesis is

adequate in terms of scope and quality for the award of the degree of Bachelor of

Mechatronics Engineering (Hons. ).

(Supervisor's Signature)

Full Name : Mr Ismail Bin Mohd Khairuddin

Position

Date

Full Name

Position

Date

: Supervisor

: 07 June 2017

: Dr Ahmad Shahrizan Bin Abdul Ghani

:Co-Supervisor

: 07 June 2017

Universiti Malaysia PAHANG Engln&flrlng • TecMology • Greatlvtty

STUDENT'S DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the work in this thesis is based on my original work except for

quotations and citations which have been duly acknowledged. I also declare that it has

not been previously or concurrently submitted for any other degree at Universiti

Malaysia Pahang or any other institutions.

(Student's Signature)

Full Name : FOOK WEI JIAN

ID Number : FB 13023

Date : 07 June 2017

WEATHER STA1

PERPUSTAKAAN UMP

IIIII III 0000119161

AND INTERNET OF THINGS

(lOT)

FOOK WEI JIAN

ONTROLLER

Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements

for the award of the Degree of

Bachelor ofMechatronics Engineering (Hons.)

Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG

JUNE2017 PERPU5TAKAAN 2Wt1':\

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I am grateful and would like to express my highest gratitude to my supervisor of University Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Mr Ismail Bin Mohd Khairuddin and Dr Ahmad Shahrizan Bin Abdul Ghani for all the guidance, help, encouragement and opinion during the journey of completing this project.

I would like to thanks the Head of Technician of Faculty of Manufacturing (FKP), Mr Suhaimi Bin Puteh to allow me to use the equipment and facilities in the laboratory of FKP. Besides, I am indebted to Mr Suhaimi for spending time to assist me to purchase electrical components for my project.

Last but not least, I would like to acknowledge my greatest gratitude to my parents, friends, seniors and those who had contributed in this project directly or indirectly for their love, sacrifices and support throughout the journey of my life.

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ABSTRAK

Pemantauan cuaca sangat berguna dalam pelbagai aplikasi seperti dalam sistem saintifik kritikal atau untuk tujuan simulasi. Peranti pengawasan cuaca merupakan sebuah peranti elektronik yang bersaiz kecil, mudah alih dan bebas beroperasi. Peranti pengawasan cuaca terdiri daripada Arduino Mega, modul Wi-Fi, dan sensor suhu. Parameter yang dikumpul terdiri daripada suhu udara dan kelembapan relatif di kawasan tertentu. Data yang dikumpul dari sensor akan digunakan untuk mengira suhu titik embun bagi menentukan persepsi manusia kepada keadaan cuaca semasa. Data yang dikumpul akan dihantar ke Iaman web Thingspeak, iaitu satu aplikasi Internet of Things (lOT) untuk memaparkan dan memantau data dalam bentuk graf. Data yang dikumpul menunjukkan nilai sebenar yang mewakili keadaan cuaca semasa bagi kawasan yang sedang diukur. Selain itu, hubungan antara suhu udara, kelembapan, dan suhu titik embun boleh ditentukan melalui peranti pengawasan cuaca. Dengan itu, persepsi manusia di kalangan rakyat Malaysia boleh ditentukan melalui suhu titik embun yang disertakan dalam projek ini.

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ABSTRACT

The monitoring of weather is really helpful in various applications like in critical scientific systems or for simulation purposes. Weather monitoring device is a small size, portable and stand-alone electronic device. Weather monitoring device consists of Arduino Mega, Wi-Fi shield and a temperature sensor. The parameters collected were room air temperature and relative humidity of a particular area. Data collected from sensor will be used to calculate dew point temperature which is important to determine the human perception on current weather. The collected data will be sent to Thingspeak, an Internet of Things (loT) website to display and monitor the data in the form of real-time graph. Collected data show accurate real-time values that represent the current weather condition of the area being measured. Besides, the relationship between room air temperature, relative humidity and dew point temperature can be determined. Lastly, the human perception among Malaysian on current weather condition can be determined through dew point temperature which is included in this project.

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TABLE OF CONTENT

DECLARATION

TITLE PAGE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ABSTRAK

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENT

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF SYMBOLS

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Problem Statement

1.3 Objectives

1.4 Project Scope

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Background

2.2 Weather Station Monitoring Sensors

2.2.1 Temperature Sensing

2.2.2 Humidity Sensing

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viii

ix

X

xi

1

1

3

3

4

5

5

6

6

7

2.2.3 Dew Point Temperature 8

2.3 Intrenet of Things (loT) 9

2.4 Microcontroller 11

2.5 Wi-Fi Module 12

2.6 Data Logging 13

2.7 Sensors and Microcontroller Selection IS

CHAPTER3MffiTHODOLOGY 16

3.1 Project Description 16

3.2 Methodology Flowchart 17

3.3 System Analysis 18

3.3.1 Block Diagram 18

3.3.2 Functional Diagram 19

3.3.3 Integrated System 20

3.4 Prototype Development 21

3.4.1 Mechanical Design 21

3.4.2 Circuit Design 23

3.5 Weather Monitoring Sensors 25

3.5.1 Humidity and Temperature Sensor 26

3.6 Arduino Mega 28

3.7 ESP8266 Wi-Fi Shield 28

3.8 Firmware Development 29

3.8.1 Algorithm 30

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CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Microsoft Excel

4.2.1 Raw Data

4.2.2 Human Perception

4.2.3 Thingspeak Channel Monitoring

CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Conclusion

5.3 Future Work

REFERENCES

APPENDIX A RAW DATA

APPENDIX B BILL OF MATERIAL

APPENDIX C TABLE OF PERCEPTION

APPENDIX D ARDUINO CODE

APPENDIX E DATA SHEETS

APPENDIX F CONFERENCE PAPER

APPENDIX G FINAL YEAR PROJECT SCHEDULE

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31

31

32

35

37

42

42

42

43

44

46

47

48

49

61

63

71

Table 4.1

Table4.2

LIST OF TABLES

Raw data collected from the prototype

Human perception on weather condition

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32

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.1 Adafruit CC3000 Wi-Fi modules 12

Figure 2.2 Wind speed, wind direction, temperature and Dew Point measurements in 24 hours 14

Figure 2.3 Hourly variation of air temperature measured inside and outside the greenhouse, on 12 October 1998 14

Figure 3.1 Methodology flowchart of weather monitoring device 17

Figure 3.2 Block diagram of weather monitoring device 19

Figure 3.3 Functional diagram of weather monitoring device 19

Figure 3.4 Draft of weather monitoring device hardware 22

Figure 3.5 Prototype of weather monitoring device 22

Figure 3.6 Schematic diagram of electrical connection for hardware components 24

Figure 3.7 Circuit design of weather monitoring device 24

Figure 3.8 Actual electrical circuit of weather monitoring device 25

Figure 3.9 Circuit ofDHT22 Humidity and Temperature sensor 28

Figure 3.10 Software system flowchart 29

Figure 4.1 Graph of relative humidity(%) and dew point temperature (°C) against room air temperature ec) 33

Figure 4.2 Graph of relative humidity, room air temperature and dew point temperature against time 37

Figure 4.3 Room air temperature against time 39

Figure 4.4 Relative humidity against time 40

Figure 4.5 Dew point temperature against time 41

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RH

%RH

t

LIST OF SYMBOLS

Temperature in degree Celsius

Equilibrium vapour pressure over a plane of water

Real-time relative humidity from sensor

Percentage of relative humidity

Real-time temperature from sensor

Voltage output of temperature sensor

Voltage supplied

X

AADI

ADC

csv DNS

DSP

GSM

110

loT

IP

IRQ

LED

MCU

PC

SD

soc SPI

TCP

TFT

DART

UDP

UFL

UMP

USB

WSN

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

Aanderaa Data Instruments

Analog to Digital Convertor

Comma Separated Values

Domain Name System

Digital Signal Processing

Global System for Mobile

Input/Output

Internet of Things

Internet Protocol

Interrupt Request

Light-Emitting Diode

Microcontroller Unit

Personal Computer

Secure Digital

System On a Chip

Serial Peripheral Interface

Transmission Control Protocol

Thin Film Transistor

Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter

User Datagram Protocol

Upper Flammable Limit

University Malaysia Pahang

Universal Serial Bus

Wireless Sensor Network

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CHAPTER1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Weather monitoring devices have been grown rapidly and important for human

beings in various applications in the field of critical scientific systems or for simulation

purposes. There are few parameters will affect the thermal comfort of human being,

such as temperature, radiation, air flow, humidity, and clothing thermal resistance.

These parameters are measureable weather elements. Sometimes the changes in climate

will cause natural disasters to human being. To alert and protect human being from

disasters that caused by the weather changes, weather measurement and monitoring

tools are very useful.

Currently, weather monitoring devices that are having real-time alerting and

reporting system on the varying environmental conditions become very important.

Weather monitoring device is a stand-alone electronic device which is portable, small in

size, powered by battery and able to collect data on a 24-hour operation. Acquisition,

online analysis, logging, offline analysis, display and data sharing are the necessary

requirements for a data logging system.

A microcontroller plays a major role in weather monitoring device.

Microcontroller controls and converts electrical pulses from sensors which are analogue

data into digital data to be recorded and stored on the storage device for further

analysis.

The advantages of data loggers are based on the ability in few criteria i.e., work

at very long intervals, portable, reliability, flexibility and robustness. Some of the

criteria must be considered while choosing sensors such as size, speed/memory, real

time operation and display. Speed is essential parameter due to the sampling rate from 1

the parameter changes. For a longer interval, a high memory is needed. Real-time

capability is important for user to know the status of current parameters that are being

measured. Thus, user will be able to take a proper action based on the device's real-time

feedback. Users will be able to read the readings of all the parameters show on screen.

A wide-spread operation of data logging system can be found in our daily lives

for example weather stations, in-out product flow in the industries, and attendance

system in schools or universities. Due to independently and sensitivity variation of

parameters in the data logger, human can be substituted out from the high risk job by

replacing the data logging system. Furthermore, this system consists of real-time

information and also stores the data for further analysis.

The direction of this project is to fabricate a low cost weather monitoring system

that able to acquire, record and store the data which are accessed anywhere. The

proposed system will measure three different parameters namely temperature, humidity

and dew point temperature. Besides, the dew point temperature also useful in determine

the human perception on weather based on Malaysia weather condition. The analog

outputs of these sensors will be converted to digital signals through Analog to Digital

Convertor (ADC) and further processed by a microcontroller which acts like a data

logger. A Wi-Fi shield act as an interface medium to transfer and receive data collected

from sensor to an open source Internet of Things (loT) channel. Computer is used to

access to the loT website to monitor the real-time graph created on the channel.

Besides, Thin Film Transistor (TFT) Display will display the real-time value of the

sensor.

This weather station project can be considered as a platform for further

applications in future. In other words, this system can be modified to fit more sensors to

record different type of parameters for examples the ground chemical composition and

soil parameters.

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1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Most weather measurement devices collect data and send to data loggers then

transferred to a computer directly. They are not able to analyze and share the data

through a wide electronic medium. In addition, the cost for that particular device is

expensive while having a limited functionality. Most of the weather monitoring device

that available in the market is too bulky, costly and difficult to capture the real-time

data which are able to be accessed anywhere. Therefore, this project will propose some

improvements and extensions on weather station in terms of size and cost of weather

monitoring device. For example, the improvement for the size of weather monitoring

device that currently available in the market that is too bulky. Besides, the cost of the

weather monitoring device that is available in market is too expansive. Therefore, this

project will help to reduce the cost of sensor used and cost of materials used in weather

monitoring device. Moreover, this project not only can display data on the device but

also can monitor the data worldwide through loT channel. Besides, this weather

monitoring device helps to determine human perception on weather condition based on

dew point temperature.

1.3 OBJECTIVES

The goals for this project are as follow:

1. Monitoring and analyze temperature and relative humidity from the weather

monitoring device.

n. To determine human perception on weather condition through dew point

temperature.

m. To build a low cost weather monitoring device that provides world-wide and

real-time data.

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REFERENCES

This thesis is prepared based on the following references;

Alduchov, 0. A., and R. E. Eskridge, 1996: Improved Magnus form approximation of

saturation vapor pressure. J. Appl. Meteor., 35,601-609.

Ameur, S., Laghrouche, M., & Adane, A. (2001). Monitoring a greenhouse using a

microcontroller-based meteorological data-acquisition system. Renewable Energy,

24( 1 }, 19-30. https:/ /doi.org/1 0.1016/80960-1481 (00)00 181-6

Benghanem, M. (2009). Measurement of meteorological data based on wireless data

acquisition system monitoring. Applied Energy, 86(12), 2651-2660.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.03.026

Caccamo, M. T., Cannuli, A., Magazil, S., Matematiche, S., & Fisiche, S. (2015).

Wavelet Analysis of Meteorological Data Collected by an Automated

Microcontroller-Weather Station System, 3(6), 6-13 https://www.ijergs.org

Gubbi, Jayavardhana, Rajkumar Buyya, Slaven Marusic, and Marimuthu Palaniswami.

2013. "Internet of Things (loT): A Vision, Architectural Elements, and Future

Directions." Future Generation Computer Systems 29(7): 1645-60.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2013.01.010.

Katyal, A., Yadav, R., & Pandey, M. (2016). Wireless Arduino Based Weather Station,

5(4}, 10-12. https://doi.org/10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5470

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Khan, B. (2012). Wireless sensor networking using AADI Sensors with WSN

Coverage.

Noordin, K. A., Onn, C. C., & Ismail, M. F. (2006). A Low-Cost Microcontroller-based

Weather Monitoring System, 5(January), 33-40.

Ray, P P. 2016. "A Survey on Internet of Things Architectures." Journal of King Saud

University - Computer and Information Sciences.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1 0 16/j.jksuci.2016.1 0.003.

Rosiek, S., & Batlles, F. J. (2008). A microcontroller-based data-acquisition system for

meteorological station monitoring. Energy Conversion and Management, 49(12),

3746-3754. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2008.05.029

Steve. H. (2008). Relative Humidity .... Relative to What? Retrieved May 15, 2017, from

http://www.shorstmeyer.com/wxfaqslhumiditylhumidity.html

Swamy, M. N. S. (2014). Microcontroller Based Real Time Weather Monitoring Device

With, 3(7), 6-9.

Systems, T. M.D., & Pic, U. (2014). Design and Implementation ofWeather

Monitoring and Controlling System, 97(3), 19-22.

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