universiti teknikal malaysia melaka - eprints.utem.edu.myeprints.utem.edu.my/18192/1/development of...
TRANSCRIPT
UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA
DEVELOPMENT OF HEATING, VENTILATING AND AIR
CONDITIONING (HVAC) CONTROL MONITORING
SYSTEM (CMS) USING ARDUINO MICROCONTROLLER IN
POULTRY HOUSE MODEL.
This report is submitted in accordance with the requirement of the
UniversitiTeknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) for the Bachelor Degree of
Mechanical Engineering Technology (Refrigeration& Air-Conditioning System)
with Honours
by
SARNI NUR ATIKAH BINTI ABDUL RAHMAN
B071210544
910827105832
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
2015
UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA
BORANG PENGESAHAN STATUS LAPORAN PROJEK SARJANA MUDA
TAJUK: Development Of Heating, Ventilating And Air Conditioning(HVAC)
Control Monitoring System(Cms) Using Arduino Microcontroller In Model
Poultry House.
SESI PENGAJIAN: 2015/16 Semester 2
SayaSARNI NUR ATIKAH BINTI ABDUL RAHMAN
MengakumembenarkanLaporan PSM inidisimpan di PerpustakaanUniversitiTeknikal
Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) dengansyarat-syaratkegunaansepertiberikut:
1. Laporan PSM adalah hak milik Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka dan penulis. 2. Perpustakaan Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka dibenarkan membuat salinan
untuk tujuan pengajian sahaja dengan izin penulis. 3. Perpustakaan dibenarkan membuat salinan laporan PSM ini sebagai bahan
pertukaran antara institusi pengajian tinggi.
4. **Silatandakan ( ) SULIT
TERHAD
√
TIDAK TERHAD
(Mengandungimaklumat yang
berdarjahkeselamatanataukepentingan Malaysia
sebagaimana yang termaktubdalam AKTA RAHSIA
RASMI 1972)
(Mengandungimaklumat TERHAD yang
telahditentukanolehorganisasi/badan di mana
penyelidikandijalankan)
(TANDATANGAN PENULIS)
AlamatTetap:
M2-3-02 Jalan 10/2,
Taman Perkasa Fasa 2,
43100, Selangor Darul Ehsan.
Tarikh: ________________________
Disahkanoleh:
(TANDATANGAN PENYELIA)
Cop Rasmi:
Tarikh: _______________________
** Jika Laporan PSM ini SULIT atau TERHAD, sila lampirkan surat daripada pihak berkuasa/organisasi
berkenaan dengan menyatakan sekali sebab dan tempoh laporan PSM ini perlu dikelaskan sebagai
SULIT atau TERHAD.
iii
DECLARATION
I hereby, declared this report entitled “Development Of Heating, Ventilating And
Air Conditioning (HVAC) Control Monitoring System (CMS) Using Arduino
Microcontroller In Model Poultry House” is the results of my own research
except as cited in references.
Signature :………………………
Name : ………………………
Date : ………………………
iv
APPROVAL
This report is submitted to the Faculty of Engineering Technology of UTeM as a
partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Mechanical
EngineeringTechnology (Refrigeration& Air-Conditioning System)(Hons.)
The member of the supervisory is as follow:
……………………………….
(MR. AZWAN BIN AZIZ)
v
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study is in development of Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) of Control Monitoring system using Arduino Microcontroller in Poultry HouseModel. This paper fuses outline and advancement of temperature, humidity and light control and monitoring system conducted by Arduino Microcontroller. The system takes into consideration a client in information they required conditions in regards to the encompassing climate's parameters prerequisites. This study comprises of two modules. One is the parameters observing and the other one is the parameter controlling. Controlling and monitoring physical parameters like temperature and light is outmost significance. A poultry house controller arranged inside of poultry house manages the relative humidity and temperature inside of the poultry house by means of incitation of fans because of temperature and humidity sensor individually. A temperature/humidity sensor DHT11 will be utilized for the purposed of measuring temperature and humidity while a LDR sensor will be utilized for measuring light intensity. A microcontroller then thinks about the natural conditions against the client requirements, and actuators change the scenes until the fancied conditions have made.Arduino Mega board to process the data information and able to display and save in the serial monitor and REALTERM software.Finally, the effectiveness of Arduino microcontroller as a based system will be determined.
vi
ABSTRAK
Tujuan kajian ini adalah dalam pembangunan Pemanasan, Pengudaraan, dan pendingin hawa (HVAC) sistem Pemantauan Kawalan menggunakan Arduino mikropengawal dalam Model Poultry House. Kertas kerja ini menggabungkan garis dan kemajuan suhu, kelembapan dan cahaya kawalan dan sistem pemantauan yang dijalankan oleh mikropengawal Arduino. Sistem ini mengambil kira pelanggan maklumat dalam mereka memerlukan syarat-syarat dalam hal parameter prasyarat iklim. Kajian ini terdiri daripada dua modul. Satu adalah parameter memerhati dan yang lain adalah mengawal parameter. Mengawal dan memantau parameter fizikal seperti suhu dan cahaya adalah penting. Sebuah pengawal rumah ayam diatur dalam rumah ayam menguruskan kelembapan relatif dan suhu dalam rumah ayam dengan cara incitation peminat kerana suhu dan kelembapan sensor secara individu. Suhu / kelembapan sensor DHT11 akan digunakan untuk mengukur suhu dan kelembapan manakala sensor LDR akan digunakan untuk mengukur keamatan cahaya. Mikropengawal kemudian berfikir tentang keadaan semula jadi terhadap keperluan pelanggan, dan penggerak menukar keadaan sehingga syarat-syarat yang telah dibuat. Arduino Mega papan untuk memproses maklumat data dan dapat memaparkan dan simpan dalam memantau dan REALTERM perisian siri. Akhir sekali, keberkesanan sistem mengunakan Arduino dapat diperolehi.
vii
DEDICATIONS
My dedication go to my family members especially my parents,
AbdulRahman bin Ibrahim and ShamsiahbintiYahyafor their fully support
throughout the year to accomplish my final year project successfully. Special thanks
also go to my beloved friends who really help me direct or indirect in my project and
I really appreciate all their help and support. Thank you.
viii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Alhamdulillah, Thanks to Allah S.W.T. for blessing and mercy, for giving me
strength to complete the final year project. Firstly, I would like to express my
gratitude to all those who have made the completion of this thesis possible. Special
thanks goes to my helpful supervisor, Mr Azwan bin Aziz whose help me throughout
the researched and thesis writing. The supervision and support that he gave me has
truly helped the progression and smoothness of the project and his co-operation
much appreciated. My grateful thanks also go to Aminurrashid bin Noordinfor his
contribution and hard work to help in me in my final year project.
Not forget my family who support and encourage me with a lot of love and
prayers that comfort and relief me. I also grateful because always having a good
health during this research study. Finally I would like to thanks with a fully
appreciation to my friends that always help me and support me in finished my
research study.
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS
DECLARATION ................................................................................................................. iii
APPROVAL ......................................................................................................................... iv
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................... v
ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................................... vi
DEDICATIONS .................................................................................................................. vii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................. viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................................... ix
LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................ xii
LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. xiv
LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................ xv
CHAPTER 1 .......................................................................................................................... 1
1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Background ............................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Problem Statements ................................................................................................. 2
1.3 Objectives of the Study ........................................................................................... 3
1.4 Work Scope of The Study ....................................................................................... 4
1.5 Expected Results ..................................................................................................... 4
CHAPTER 2 .......................................................................................................................... 5
2.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 5
2.1 Type of Control Monitoring System ....................................................................... 5
2.1.1 Conversional system ........................................................................................ 5
2.1.2 Automatic system ............................................................................................. 6
2.1.2.1 PIC Microcontroller .................................................................................. 6
x
2.1.2.2 PID controller ........................................................................................... 7
2.1.2.3 ARDUINO microcontroller ...................................................................... 8
2.2 Parameters ............................................................................................................... 8
2.2.1 Temperature ..................................................................................................... 9
2.2.2 Humidity ........................................................................................................ 11
2.2.3 Lighting .......................................................................................................... 12
2.3 Display mode ......................................................................................................... 17
2.4 Recommendation from the past studies ................................................................. 18
2.5 The reason why we should study the CMS in a Poultry House ............................ 18
CHAPTER 3 ........................................................................................................................ 19
3.0 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 19
3.1 Materials ................................................................................................................ 22
3.1.1 Arduino MEGA (Arduino, Italy) ................................................................... 22
3.1.2 DHT11 Sensor ................................................................................................ 23
3.1.3 LDR sensor .................................................................................................... 24
3.1.4 Medium Power Linear Switching NPN transistor (TIP31C) ......................... 24
3.1.5 Serial 20x4 LCD Display ............................................................................... 25
3.1.6 Fan and adapter .............................................................................................. 25
3.1.7 Resistors ......................................................................................................... 26
3.1.8 Diode .............................................................................................................. 26
3.1.9 Capacitor ........................................................................................................ 27
3.1.10 Light source 100Watt ..................................................................................... 27
3.2 Development of the Control Monitoring System .................................................. 28
xi
3.2.1 Poultry House Model Design ......................................................................... 28
3.2.2 Proposed System Design ................................................................................ 30
3.2.2.1 Input/output Block .................................................................................. 31
3.2.2.2 System Microcontroller .......................................................................... 31
3.2.2.3 Power Monitoring system ....................................................................... 31
3.2.3 Hardware Development Process .................................................................... 32
3.2.4 Software Development Process...................................................................... 33
3.3 Experiment Procedure ........................................................................................... 35
CHAPTER 4 ........................................................................................................................ 42
4.0 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 42
4.1 Experiment Result ................................................................................................. 42
4.1.1 Power Monitoring Development .................................................................... 42
4.1.2 Evaluation and Analysis ................................................................................. 44
4.2 Hardware Development and Experimental Works ................................................ 50
CHAPTER 5 ........................................................................................................................ 51
5.0 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 51
5.1 Conclusions ........................................................................................................... 51
5.2 Recommendation ................................................................................................... 52
APPENDIX A ...................................................................................................................... 54
APPENDIX B ...................................................................................................................... 55
APPENDIX C ...................................................................................................................... 56
REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................... 57
xii
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1: Closed Loop Control System, (Seminar et. al., 2011) ............................... 6
Figure 2.2: Basic structure of poultry house with PID and Fuzzy controller, ............. 7
Figure 2.3: Arduino microcontroller ............................................................................ 8
Figure 2.4: Schematic Concept Modelling Temperature and Humidity in the Broiler House (Alimuddin et. al., 2011). ................................................................... 10
Figure 2.5: Poultry photonics spectral sensitivity compared to that of human CIE .. 12
Figure 2.6: 12-volt lighting system for small poultry houses .................................... 14
Figure 2.7: Kerosene lights in a large poultry house without electricity. ................. 15
Figure 2.8: Examples of LED bulbs for lighting poultry, (Watkins, 2012). .............. 16
Figure 2.9: Real Time Schematic diagram of WSN,(Chelli & Chavhan, 2012) ........ 17
Figure 3.1: Flow Chart of the Experimental study ..................................................... 20
Figure 3.2: Flow Chart of the Experimental study ..................................................... 21
Figure 3.3:Arduino Mega ........................................................................................... 22
Figure 3.4: DHT11 sensor .......................................................................................... 23
Figure 3.5: LDR sensor .............................................................................................. 24
Figure 3.6: Medium Power Linear Switching NPN transistor ................................... 24
Figure 3.7: LCD Display ............................................................................................ 25
Figure 3.8: Fan and Adaptor ...................................................................................... 25
Figure 3.9: Resistor220Ω5% Tolerance ..................................................................... 26
Figure 3.10: Diode ..................................................................................................... 26
Figure 3.11: Capacitor ................................................................................................ 27
Figure 3.12: Poultry House Model Design ............................................................... 28
Figure 3.13: Poultry House Model Dimension ........................................................ 29
Figure 3.14: Poultry House Model (Front View) ....................................................... 29
Figure 3.15: Poultry House Model (Side View) ....................................................... 29
Figure 3.16: Poultry House Model (Top View) ........................................................ 30
Figure 3.17: Block Diagram of Proposed System ...................................................... 30
Figure 3.18: Hardware Development Process ............................................................ 32
Figure 3.19: Testing system process .......................................................................... 33
Figure 3.20: Process of Processing Software ............................................................. 33
Figure 3.21:ARDUINO (IDE software) ..................................................................... 34
Figure 3.22: REALTERM software ........................................................................... 34
Figure 3.23: Overal Experiment Process ................................................................... 35
Figure 3.24: Checking wiring connection .................................................................. 36
Figure 3.25: Connection USB with laptop ................................................................. 36
Figure 3.26: Ready for installation ............................................................................ 36
Figure 3.27: Position of DHT Sensors ....................................................................... 37
xiii
Figure3.28: DHT11 (Temp) ....................................................................................... 37
Figure 3.29: DHT11 (Temp1and Temp2) .................................................................. 37
Figure 3.30: LDR sensor ............................................................................................ 38
Figure 3.31: Arduino IDE .......................................................................................... 38
Figure 3.32: Switch on light and fan .......................................................................... 39
Figure 3.33: ARDUINO and REALTERM software ................................................. 39
Figure 3.34: REALTERM (port) ............................................................................... 40
Figure 3.35: REALTERM (send) ............................................................................... 40
Figure 3.36: REALTERM (Capture) ......................................................................... 40
Figure 3.37: Example Plotted graph for experimental result ..................................... 41
Figure 3.38: Measured Lux using Lux meter ............................................................. 41
Figure 4.1: Complete internal components of the Arduino-CMS .............................. 43
Figure 4.2: The Final Arduino-CMS .......................................................................... 43
Figure 4.3: Real-Time Graph for the 30 minutes (Light intensity vs. time) .............. 45
Figure 4.4: Measuring Lux using Lux Meter ............................................................. 46
Figure 4.5: Real-Time for 30minutes (Temperature vs. time) ................................... 47
Figure 4.6: Real-Time Graph for the 30minutes (Humidity vs. time) ....................... 48
xiv
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1: Parameters in a closed house, including using CFD................................... 9
Table 2.2: Suggested Lighting Guide for Poultry Production1 (Clarke et al., 2006) . 13
Table 2.3: The Spectrum of Visible Light, (Fanatico, 2007) ..................................... 14
Table 3.1: Specification of Arduino MEGA .............................................................. 22
Table 3.2: Specification of DHT11 ............................................................................ 23
Table 3.3: Specification of Poultry House Model. ..................................................... 28
Table 3.4: Acceptable range for specific physical parameters ASHRAE1999 .......... 41
xv
LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
HVAC = Heating Ventilating and Air conditioning
CMS = Control Monitoring system
ASHRAE = American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air
Conditioning Engineer
BRI = Building Related Illness
HVAC = Heating, Ventilating and Air-conditioning
IAQ = Indoor Air Contaminants
RH = Indoor Air Quality
Lx = Light Intensity
UTeM = Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
MPH = Model Poultry House
IDE = Integrated Development Environment
1
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.0 Introduction
Today, several techniques are usable to supervise and check the required
environmental parameters.It is especially indispensable to assess the methods that
can successfully administer the appropriate surroundings.Monitoring and controlling
in physical parameters, temperature, relative humidity and light are of outmost
importance.All the parameters of poultry house require a comprehensive analysis in
order to determine the precise method.
1.1 Background
Environmental control systems typically planned to maintain thermal and air
quality, condition within an acceptable scope and as near the deal for optimal animal
performance as is practicable, referring to Chapter 21 of the 1999 ASHRAE
Application Handbook (SI). Furthermore, lack of the facility of monitor and control
the poultry house environment that severely constrained the production of eggs(Wu,
Wu, Liang, Li, & Yang, 2011).
Referring to Vergara & Villaruz (2014), there are two ways suggestion the
development of compact algorithms benefits power quality that are monitoring
simultaneously for large system and help in building powerful embeddable
monitoring architectures with in small power devices. According to Alan L, Vergara,
Harrez M. Villaruz (2014), the modern electric equipment includes performance on-
line monitoring and diagnosis systems based on microcontrollers. Moreover,
according to Vergara& Villaruz (2014), everyone wishes to save energy and money.
2
In the related work, the incorporation of wireless sensor network in green
house is the current conception which leads to accuracy husbandry by(Chaudhary
&Nayse, 2011). Furthermore, according to (Science, 2005), WSN's will empower
our action from the thought of "individualized computing" to an innovation base that
permits us to incorporate figuring into nature, an idea begat as "pervasive and
installed registering".
Thus, in this research, a main target for study is to develop the HVAC control
monitoring system using Arduino microcontroller in poultry house model. This
system allows user to input the desired condition regarding the surrounding
atmospheres requirement. The parameters of the thermal comfort, which is indoor air
temperature, the percentages of relative humidity (%RH), the light intensity, will be
measured for a specific time and continuously. The effectiveness of Control
Monitoring System (CMS) in model poultry will be determined and assessed.
1.2 Problem Statements
The CMS refers to the monitoring and controlling the specific parameter of the
building, such as poultry house.Method and apparatus for controlling environmental
conditions in an animal house, and particularly in poultry houses, for producing
maximum economic yield. Pour of monitoring; there are some elements, which will
involve the production of husbandry.Well maintained monitoring using a proficient
system is likewise one of the elements that bear on the production of husbandry.
In a previous, to trace stress of husbandry they conclude, based on observation
method by farmers. Unfortunately, it cannot be discovered at an early point. In case
of the large poultry house, they need lots of workers. Despite the fact that, ushering
in video camera for monitoring was better than human observation, but still come
away with the same result where cannot trace at an early level, information gathered
not productive and checking not persistently.
3
According to Duchyant Pande et. al.,(2013), monitoring and controlling
physical parameters by embedded system utilizing microcontroller are all that much
successful in industry and research arranged necessities. Besides that, the scheme
must run properly and continuously which the data and info should be recorded and
documented to influence the effectiveness of CMS.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
Main Objective:
To develop the control monitoring system using Arduino Microcontroller in Poultry
HouseModel.
Specific Objectives:
1. To measure the parameters which are temperature (°C), relative humidity
(%RH) and light intensity (lx) in the Poultry House Model.
2. To explore the possibility Control Monitoring System (CMS) to monitor
temperature, relative humidity and light intensity in Poultry House Model
continuously.
3. To determine the effectiveness of Control Monitoring System (CMS).
4
1.4 Work Scope of The Study
In this research, a cohort study carried out in the Poultry House Model (PHM).
The focus will be primarily on gathering data related to thermal comfort that is
indoor air temperature, relative humidity and light intensity, presented in the air of
the PHM related with the air conditioning system used. Lastly, the works include the
predictive relationship of temperature and relative humidity by using an Arduino
microcontroller to determine the effectiveness and continuous operating of CMS in
PHM.
1.5 Expected Results
The aim of this work has been to develop command and monitoring system
using Arduino Microcontroller in PHM will determine. The appraised value of the
parameters presented, followed by exploring the possibility CMS to monitor
parameters continuously. Then the effectiveness of CMS will determine.In this
inquiry, the focus will be mainly on to furnish a system and method for accurate
control and monitor the environment continuously in the PHM.
5
CHAPTER 2 LITERITURE REVIEW
2.0 Introduction
In the literature review, the author has found a good representative literature
discussing the effects of CMS in the building with their relationship of temperature
and humidity. However, there was less study in detail about control monitoring in
Poultry House. The Author is grateful to some (ASHRAE 1999, Chandra et al.,
2013,Al-Jibouri, 2003 and Vergara & Villaruz, 2014) who identified some factors of
effectiveness of control monitoring system.Although their discussion outlines
finding as a major factor in this progress as opposed to good applying system,
accurately collecting data, relationship temperature and humidity also the production
of husbandry. By studying, the relevant literature it will help the author understand
others system used in poultry houses.
2.1 Type of Control Monitoring System
2.1.1 Conversional system
According to David & Stephen(2014) to control temperature within the
thermal neutral zone of the bird in the poultry house, traditional ways introduce
several type such as use of curtains, usage of fan, spraying of cold water on their
bodies, reduction in energy content of the feed intakes during the heat period, and
putting of ice into their water.
Other than that, to build up the indications of strain in winged creatures it
depended on ranchers perception and their rationale of good conclusion however not
6
able to notice untimely stage (Hamrita, 2002). Other methods such as use video
camera(Bluff & Rutz, 2008; Wolf, Freund & Avidan, 2010), for example, to screen
behavioural reactions, utilizing calorimetric routines to screen created warmth and
creature weight which more dependable than agriculturist's perception. Anywhere it
still does not recognize the strain at the starting stage.Since the traditional system has
applied to control temperature in poultry house, some of issues happen, for example,
repetitive, wasteful and lengthy and a persistent observing are needed (Longstaff,
1996). To increase poultry birds production and reduce bird death, most of the
poultry farmers request for enhanced control system (David & Stephen, 2014).
2.1.2 Automatic system
According toHamrita (2002), the acknowledgment of viability and ideal
development condition which use of microcontroller-based control in the poultry
house once of a noteworthy step. In writing studies, express a few kinds of control
utilization to lead checking control system, for example, PIC microcontroller,
ARDUINO microcontroller and PID controller.
Figure 2.1: Closed Loop Control System, (Seminar et. al., 2011)
2.1.2.1 PIC Microcontroller
Around 1980, has outlined by General Instrument as a fast, minimal, sparing
embedded microcontroller with physically effective I/O abilities. "Peripheral
Interface Controller" stands for PIC. A microcontroller is an incorporated chip that is
7
of an installed framework. Since, the reason intended to execute scarcely a specific
errand to direct a solitary framework, it's minor and rearrange so on a solitary chip,
which can incorporate all the capacities needed. The microcontroller comprises a
ROM, CPU, RAM, I/O ports with clock same as standard CPU.
There some of reason that made PIC series unprofitable (Chelli & Chavhan,
2012). Indeed, even PIC has contained 10-bit ADCs, yet the working voltages going
from 1.8 - 5.5V. Moreover, to transfer a code from the PC a boot loader program
alongside its consequent equipment was essential.
2.1.2.2 PID controller
The PID remains for Proportional-Integrating-Derivative. Since, it is
utilitarian and auxiliary simplicity, there are a large portion of poultry house are
utilized PID controller. Moreover, PID controllers are generally utilized propelled
strategy as a part of the procedure business; their adequacy is frequently restricted
because of poor tuning (David & Stephen, 2014). A PID controller by the manual
tuning, which obliges advancement of three parameters, is a supported task. In
creating orderly tuning systems to go to this difficulty, much exertion has contributed
(Killingsworth & Krstic, 2006). In the temperature control system are ineffective
with non-linear, time-varying and time-delay features (David & Stephen, 2014).
Figure 2.2: Basic structure of poultry house with PID and Fuzzy controller, (David & Stephen, 2014).
Fuzzy Controller
PID Controller POULTRY
HOUSE
de/dt
K p T i T d
INPUT OUTPUT
8
2.1.2.3 ARDUINO microcontroller
Figure 2.3: Arduino microcontroller
In study of (Hiremath, 2012), it was convenient to use ARDUINO
microcontroller because uses a C programming language. On the web, it is a known
board with lots of example and reference, which is other reason the Arduino has
chosen. Since the product was open source and unpaid on the Arduino page, to
transfer the code onto board from PC was simpler. However, adorable cost may also
be effectiveness when use the microcontroller practically than use of personal
computer(Vergara & Villaruz, 2014).
This approach combines hardware and software technologies. According
toHiremath(2012), of measuring exact parameters like body temperature and
development of the chickens utilizing open source technology Arduino have
demonstrated.
2.2 Parameters
According to Thermoregulation (1994), fulfilments expresses on situation of
mind to thermal environment called “Thermal Comfort”. The comfort satisfaction of
poultry birds can improve by dynamically monitoring the parameters such
temperature, relative humidity, and solar radiation in the poultry house has revealed
9
by a comprehensive investigation of studies. Generally, air temperature and humidity
in agreement with suggested values with few difficult by (Qian & Jiang, 2009).
Indoor air temperature and %RH were generally in agreement with
recommended values with few adverse outcomes health or production(Woloszyn et.
al.,2009). According to David & Stephen(2014), to reduce birds mortality and
increase poultry birds production, most of the poultry farmers depend on better
control techniques. In the literature, several studies have reported about computer-
based control of poultry-housing environment (Aaslyng, Ehler, & Jakobsen, 2005).
Sensor is a device that receives and responds to a signal or stimulus.
2.2.1 Temperature
According to Chaudhary & Nayse (2011), the temperature has to be
controlled properly since higher radiation level may give a higher temperature.
Temperature sensors are devices that can sense the difference amount of heat
between application space and reference. According to ASHRAE 1999,
recommendation of room temperature for broiler houses about 15°C to 27 °C.
Besides that, temperature’s range of 20°C to 24°C, generally accepted that broiler at
above 2 weeks of age will grow optimally, (Yani et. al., 2014).
According to Fanatico (2007a), temperature for neutral zone around 65 to
75°F (18-24°C), which condition for adult chicken to maintain their body
temperature is 105-107°F (40.6 to 41.7°C). If the temperature less than this zone,
heat will lose. During summer, the chickens will reduce feed intake of food that
affect increasing body temperature. During state 85°F (29.4°C), chickens started to
pant. To avoid dehydration and to help scatter heat, drink more water needed.
According to Ernst RS (1998), using “ON-OFF” control with sling
psychometric method, the measurement of stable temperature at 33 to 35°C and 20 to
30°C (Amon Marko, 1997). Furthermore, Computer Fluid Dynamic (CFD) other
method is researchers used to state about temperature and humidity in a closed house
for two seasons; summer and winter as shown as Table 2.1.