Bladder Cancer

Bladder CancerUniversity HospitalsPortage Medical Center2015 Bladder CancerPortage County has one of the highest annual incidence rates of bladder cancer in the state of Ohio.

According to the surveillance epidemiology and end result [SEER] from 2007 through 2011 Portage County has an incidence rate of 23.6-26.0/100,000, while the national and Ohio State rates are at 20.6-22.1/100,000. These findings are consistent with prior studies performed by the Ohio Cancer Incidence Surveillance System of 2006, which showed similar higher rates for Ohio as compared to the rest of the US from 1999 to 2003.

Bladder cancer is the seventh leading cause of death due to solid organ cancer in the US. Its incident increases with age with nine out of 10 people with cancer being over 55 years of age and the average age at diagnosis is 73 years old.

Patients between 80 and 84 years old with bladder cancer are twice those between 65 and 69 years old with more advanced disease.

Bladder cancer is the fourth most common cancer in men and men are 3-4 times more susceptible to develop bladder cancer than females.

Caucasians have twice the bladder cancer rate of African-Americans but African-Americans are more likely to present with advanced disease.Bladder Cancer General InformationIncidence in the US is ~ 21 cases/100,000 persons or 0.02%. It is the seventh-leading cause of death due to solid cancer in the US.Incidence increases with age: 9 out 10 people with BC > 55. Average age at diagnosis is 73. [80-84 = 2 X 65-69 year old, & more advanced]Men are 3-4X > women. 4th most common cancer in men (ACS estimates)74,000 new cases (56,320 men & 17,680 women)16,000 deaths (11,510 men & 4,490 women)But females have >80 % higher mortality in 1st year (delayed diagnosis)Whites 2X > blacks but blacks are more likely to have advanced diseaseUsually diagnosed at lower stage (non-invasive or in-situ).Risk factors:SmokingAromatic amines: polyurethane foams, dyes, pesticides, pharmaceuticals and semiconductorsIndustries: Rubber, leather, textiles, paint, & printingSchistosomiasisRetinoblastoma gene mutationCowden Disease (PTEN) mutation & Lynch SyndromeBladder Cancer General InformationScreeningNone of the major professional organizations recommend routine screening of the general public for bladder cancer at this time. No screening test has been shown to lower the risk of dying from bladder cancer in people who are at average risk.UrinalysisUrine cytologyUrine tests for tumor markers:UroVysion: This test looks for chromosome changes that are often seen in bladder cancer cells.BTA tests: These tests look for a substance called bladder tumor-associated antigen (BTA) in the urine.Immunocyt: This test looks at cells in the urine for the presence of substances such as mucin and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), which are often found on cancer cells.NMP22 BladderChek: This test looks for a protein called NMP22 in the urine, which is often found at higher levels in people who have bladder cancer.The Problem with hematuriaHematuria (>3 RBC/hpf) is present in approximately 21% of the U.S. population, including up to 2% of children. Up to 3% of adults normally excrete small numbers of RBCs