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UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT

Abstract

Faculty of Engineering – Scheme & Syllabus of M.Tech Course in Bio-Process Engineering – approved – Implemented – with effect from 2010 admission – Orders issued.

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General and Academic Branch – IV ‘E’ Section

No.GA.IV/E1/8226/2011(2) Dated Calicut University P.O. 08.05.2012.

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Read:- 1. U.O.No.GA.IV/E1/8226/2011 dated 25.01.2012.

2. Minutes of the meeting of Board of Studies in Engineering (P.G) held on 30.03.2012

(Item.No.1)

3. Orders of Vice-Chancellor in the file of even No. dated 17.04.2012.

4. Letter from the Dean, Faculty of Engineering dated 23.04.2012.

5. Orders of Vice-Chancellor in the file of even No. dated 03.05.2012.

O R D E R

As per paper read as (1) above, an expert committee was constituted with

the following members for the preparation of the scheme & syllabus for the

M.Tech course in Bio-Process Engineering

a) Dr.Renjana Devi.B (Co-ordinator), Member, Board of Studies in Engineering (PG)Associate Professor, Dept.of. Chemical Engineering, Govt.Engineering College, West Hill, Kozhikode.

b) Dr.Rajani.V.O, Associate Professor, Dept.of. Chemical Engineering, Govt.Engineering College, Thrissur – 680 009.

c) Dr.Radhakrishnan.K.B, Professor, Dept.of. Chemical Engineering, T.K.M.College of Engineering, Karicode, Kollam.

Vide paper read as 2nd above, the meeting of Board of Studies in

Engineering (P.G) held on 30.03.2012, vide item.No. 1 unanimously resolved to

approve the Scheme & Syllabus of the M.Tech course in Bio-Process Engineering

submitted by the expert Committee.

Vide paper read as 3rd above, the Vice-Chancellor had ordered to seek the

opinion of the Dean, Faculty of Engineering regarding the approval of the

minutes of the meeting of the Board of Studies in Engineering (PG) held on

30.03.2012

The Dean, Faculty of Engineering vide paper read as 4th above,

recommended for the approval of the minutes of the meeting of the Board of

Studies in Engineering (PG) held on 30.03.2012.

Considering the urgency of the matter, the Vice-Chancellor has accorded

sanction to implement the Scheme & Syllabus of the M.Tech Course in Bio-

Process Engineering, subject to ratification by the Academic Council, vide paper

read as 5th above.

Sanction has therefore been accorded for implementing the Scheme &

Syllabus of the M.Tech course in Bio-Process Engineering with effect from 2010

admission.

Orders are issued accordingly.

(The Syllabus is available in the University website)

Sd/-

DEPUTY REGISTRAR (GA.IV)

For Registrar.

To

The Principals of all affiliated Engineering Colleges offering M.Tech Course.

Copy to :- P.S to V.C/PA. to PVC/ P.A. to Registrar/PA to CE/Enquiry/ Ex.Sn/EG

Sn/DR,M.Tech /M.Tech.Tabulation Section/Dean, Faculty of Engineering/ Chairman,

BOS in Engg (PG)&(UG) System Administrator (with a request to upload in

the university website)/ SF/FC

Forwarded/By Order

Sd/-

SECTION OFFICER

2

UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT

M.Tech DEGREE COURSE

IN

BIOPROCESS ENGINEERING

(DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING)

Curricula, Scheme of Examinations & Syllabi

(With effect from 2010 admissions)

3

SCHEME OF EXAMINATIONS

Semester I

Course

Code

Subject Hours/week Marks

L T P/D Internal Sem-end

Total marks

Sem-end exam duration - Hrs

Credits

BTB 10 101

Applied Mathematics for Bioprocess Engineering

3 1 0 100 100 200 3 4

BTB 10 102

Metabolic Engineering

3 1 0 100 100 200 3 4

BTB 10 103

Advanced Genetic Engineering

3 1 0 100 100 200 3 4

BTB 10 104

Advanced Fermentation Engineering

3 1 0 100 100 200 3 4

BTB 10 105

Elective I3 1 0 100 100 200 3 4

BTB 10 106 (P)

Bioprocess Engineering Lab/ Mini Project

0 0 2 100 0 100 - 2

BTB 10 107 (P) Seminar

0 0 2 100 0 100 - 2

TOTAL 15 5 4 700 500 1200 24

Elective I

BTB 10 105 (A) : Biostatistics

BTB 10 105 (B) : Animal & Plant Cell Technology

BTB 10 105 (C) : Marine Biotechnology

4

Semester – II

Course Code Subject Hours/week Marks

L T P Internal

Sem- end

Total Sem-end exam

duration- Hrs

Credits

BTB 10 201Bioprocess Plant Design

3 1 0 100 100 200 3 4

BTB 10 202Downstream Processing in Bioprocesses

3 1 0 100 100 200 3 4

BTB 10 203Advanced Enzyme Science and Engineering

3 1 0 100 100 200 3 4

BTB 10 204 Elective II 3 1 0 100 100 200 3 4

BTB 10 205 Elective III 3 1 0 100 100 200 3 4

BTB 10

206 (P)

Downstream Processing lab/ Mini project

0 0 2 100 0 100 - 2

BTB 10

207 (P)Seminar

0 0 2 100 0 100 - 2

TOTAL 15 5 4 700 500 1200 24

Elective II

BTB 10 204 (A) : Bioinformatics

BTB 10 204 (B) : Analytical Techniques in Biotechnology

BTB 10 204 (C) : Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

Elective III

BTB 10 205 (A) : Industrial Biotechnology

BTB 10 205 (B) : Food Engineering and Biotechnology

BTB 10 205 (C) : Bionanotechnology

5

Semester III

CourseCode

Subject Hours/week Marks

L T P Internal Sem- end

Total Sem-end exam

duration- Hrs

Credits

BTB 10 301 Elective IV 3 1 0 100 100 200 3 4

BTB 10 302 Elective V 3 1 0 100 100 200 3 4

BTB 10

303 (P)

Industrial Training 0 0 0 50-

50 - 1

BTB 10

304 (P)

Master Research Project (Phase -I)

0 0 22 Guide EC*

150 150 -

300 - 6

TOTAL 6 2 22 550 200 750 15

NB: The student has to undertake the departmental work assigned by HOD *EC – Evaluation Committee

Electives –IV

BTB 10 301 (A) : Modelling and Simulation of Bioprocesses

BTB 10 301 (B) : Process Control & Instrumentation in Bioprocesses

BTB 10 301 (C) : Transport Phenomena in Bioprocesses

Electives –V

BTB 10 302 (A) : Membrane Separation Technology

BTB 10 302 (B) : Environmental Engineering

BTB 10 302 (C) : Bioenergy Engineering

6

Semester IV

CourseCode

Subject Hours per week InternalMarks

Sem–end exam

L T P/D Guide Evaluation Comittee

Extl.Guide

Viva- Voce

Totalmarks

Credits

BTB 10 401(P)

Master Research Project

( Phase II)

- - 30 150 150 150 150 600 12

TOTAL 30 150 150 150 150 600 12

NB: The student has to undertake the departmental work assigned by HOD

7

FIRST SEMESTER

BTB 10 101 APPLIED MATHEMATICS FOR BIOPROCESS

ENGINEERING

Teaching scheme

Credits: 4

3 hours lecture & 1 hour tutorial per week

Objective

To facilitate the student with necessary helping tools and to

understand the design aspects and the kinetic parameters

Module I (14 hours)

Partial Differential Equations & Numerical Methods:

First Order and second order application to biology, Lagrange’s method

and Charpits method. Solution of equations by iteration; interpolation by

polynomials; Piecewise linear and cubic splines; Numeric integration and

differentiation; Numerical solution of ODEs; Euler and Runge-Kutta

methods, Exposure to software packages like Matlab or Scilab

Module II (13 hours)

Probability & Statistics :

Probability –n Addition theorem, Multiplication theorem and conditional

probability – Baye’s theorem. Binomial distribution, Poisson distribution

and Normal distribution. Sampling distributions – Large samples and Small

8

samples. Testing of Null hypothesis- Z test, t Test and χ2 test. Type I and

Type II errors. Fishers F test. Goodness of fit.

Module III (13 hours)

Curve fitting :

Curve fitting – fitting a straight line and second degree curve. Correlation

and Regression. Fitting a non linear curve. Bivariate correlation application

to biological sciences.

Module IV (13 hours)

Design of experiments :

One way – Two way classifications- Randomized Block designs – Latin

Square Designs

References

1. Higher Engineering Mathematics 37th edition. By Grewal.

2. Comprehensive Statistical methods By P. N arora, Sumeet Arora, S.

Arora. S Chand & Co.

3. E. Kreyszig, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 8th Edition.

4. Probability and Statistics for Engineers 6th Edition. Prentice Hall By R.

A Johnson

5. Statistical Quality Control for food industry. By Merton R Hubbard

6. Mathematical Statistics By V C Kapoor & Gupta

9

Internal continuous assessment: 100 marks

Internal continuous assessment is in the form of periodical tests,

assignments, seminars or a combination of all whichever suits best. There

will be minimum of two tests per subject. The assessment details are to be

announced right at the beginning of the semester by the teacher.

End semester Examination: 100 marks

Question pattern

Answer any 5 questions by choosing at least one question from each

module.

Module I Module II Module III Module IV

Question 1 : 20

marks

Question 2 : 20

marks

Question 3 :

20marks

Question 4 :

20marks

Question 5 :

20marks

Question 6 :

20marks

Question 7 :

20marks

Question 8 :

20marks

10

BTB 10 102 METABOLIC ENGINEERING

Teaching scheme

Credits: 4


Objective

To make the student aware of the overall metabolic process so as to help

him to manipulate the pathway to the requirement of the industrial needs

Module I (13 hours)

Review of Cellular Metabolism:

An Overview of Cellular Metabolism, Transport processes, fuelling

reactions: glycolysis, Fermentative pathways, Biosynthetic reactions,

polymerization, cellular energetics.


Material Balances and Data Consistency:

Comprehensive models of cellular reactions; stoichiometry of cellular

reactions, reaction rates, dynamic mass balances, yield coefficients and

linear rate equations, analysis of over determined systems- identification

of gross measurement errors


Metabolic Flux Analysis

Theory, over determined systems, underdetermined systems- linear

programming, sensitivity analysis, methods for the experimental

determination of metabolic fluxes by isotope labeling, applications of

metabolic flux analysis.

11


Metabolic Control Analysis:

Fundamentals of Metabolic Control Analysis, control coefficients and the

summation theorems, Determination of flux control coefficients, MCA of

linear pathways, branched pathways, theory of large deviations

Analysis of Metabolic Networks :Control of flux distribution at a single

branch point, Grouping of reactions, case studies, extension of control

analysis to intermetabolite, optimization of flux amplifications, consistency

tests and experimental validation.

References

1.Stephanopoulas, G, et al., Introduction to Metabolic engineering –

Principles and

Methodologies. Elsevier Science, 1999




will be a minimum of two tests per subject. The assessment details are to

be announced right at the beginning of the semester by the teacher.


Question pattern


module.

12


Question 1 : 20

marks

Question 2 : 20

marks

Question 3 :

20marks

Question 4 :

20marks

Question 5 :

20marks

Question 6 :

20marks

Question 7 :

20marks

Question 8 :

20marks

BTB 10 103 ADVANCED GENETIC ENGINEERING

Teaching scheme

Credits: 4


Objective

Introduces the frontier areas of present day genetic engineering

and facilitates mastering the recombinant technology

Module I (13 hours)

Advanced cloning vectors and techniques:

Gene targeting vectors: baculovirus display(BUDS), yeast one hybrid and

two hybrid vectors- Gene replacement, gene addition Reporter gene

technology, Enhancer trap technology- phage display technology; gene

knockout, microarray technology – gene synthesis-site specific

13

mutagenesis- cloning - microRNAs; RNAi libraries. Insitu methods to

locate transgenes and transcripts-RFLP, RAPD


Microbial Plant and Animal Genetic Engineering:

Genetically modified baculovirus- lantibiotics- transgenic wine plastid

biotechnology; prospects for herbicide, molecular farming- chromosomal

engineering in plants- Engineering novel traits in plants by RNAi

technology – terminator technology – Antisense Technology & its

applications -Knock out mice – Mouse chromosome engineering for

modeling human diseases – YAC transgenics – Transchromosomic animals.


Agriculture, Environment:

Plantibodies and pharmaceutical pharming – plastics from plants –

flavrSavr Tomato – Blue Rose – Mastitis resistant cattle , tick resistant

sheep, fast growing sheep – fast growing fish – antimalarial mosquitoes,

antifreeze proteins – fat Salmon – detection fish, spider silk from goat milk

– low – phosphorus Enron pig – Poultry: vaccination for animal health –

engineering food for animals – cloned organs


Forensics, Conservation & Law

Tissue/ Sample collection, processing & DNA fingerprinting.

Bioremediation bacteria- pesticide degradation – phytoremediation of

inorganic pollutants – transgenic environmental biosensors–Ethical &

Safety issues pertaining to RDNA technology & products

14

References

1. “Principles of cloning” by Jose, Robert P.Lanza, Keith H.S.Campbell,

Michael D.West, Academic press, 2002.

2. Genes VI and Genes VII” by Benjamin Lewin, Oxford University

Press, Cambridge, U.K, 7th ed, 2000.

3. “Biotechnology:Fundamentals and applications “by S.S

Purohit,Agrobios(Ind),

Jodhpur, 2002.

4. “Principles of Biotechemistry “by H.Robert Horton,

Lawrence.A.Moran,

Raymond.S,Ochs, J.David Rawn & K. Gray Scrimgeour, Prentice

Hall, 3rd ed, 2002.







Question pattern


module.


15

Question 1 : 20

marks

Question 2 : 20

marks

Question 3 :

20marks

Question 4 :

20marks

Question 5 :

20marks

Question 6 :

20marks

Question 7 :

20marks

Question 8 :

20marks

BTB 10 104 ADVANCED FERMENTATION ENGINEERING

Teaching scheme

Credits: 4


Objective

The students are given a comprehensive knowledge about

fermentation kinetics, design of ideal fermenters and also importance of

mass transfer effects in fermenters.

Module I (13 hours)

Media for industrial fermentations, batch growth, balanced growth, effect

of substrate concentration. Monod model. Growth kinetics with plasmid

instability, production kinetics in cell culture. Determining cell kinetic

parameters from batch data. Kinetics of cell growth. Structured and

unstructured models.


16

Reactor Engineering in perspective. Design equations for ideal reactors-

batch fermenter, chemostat, fed-batch fermenter, chemostat with cell

recycle, plug flow reactor for cell culture.


Design of packed bed, baffle column reactors, fluidized bed bioreactor,

trickle bed reactor, immobilized cell bioreactor, sterilization reactors-

batch and continuous. Novel bioreactors


The oxygen requirements of industrial fermentation. Oxygen supply. The

determination of KLa values. Factors affecting oxygen transfer rate in

fermenters like bubble size, gas hold up, gas velocity, temperature,

pressure etc. Power required for sparged and agitated vessels. The

relationship between power consumption and operating variables. Role of

shear in stirred fermenters. The structural components of the fermenter

involved in aeration and agitation.

References

1. Principles of fermentation technology; P.F.Stanbury, A. Whitaker and S.J.

Hall, Aditya

Books(P) Ltd.

2. Bioprocess Engineering Principles; Pauline M Dorass, Academic Press.

3. Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals; James E. Bailey and David F.

Ollis, Mc Graw

Hill book company.

17







Question pattern


module


Question 1 : 20

marks

Question 2 : 20

marks

Question 3 :

20marks

Question 4 :

20marks

Question 5 :

20marks

Question 6 :

20marks

Question 7 :

20marks

Question 8 :

20marks

BTB 10 105 (A) BIOSTATISTICS

18

Teaching scheme

Credits: 4


Objective

To make the student understand the application of statistics in

biological science and genetics.

Module I (13 hours)

Applications of statistics in biological sciences and genetics; Descriptive

statistics; Mean; Variance; Standard deviation and coefficient of

variation(CV); Comparison of two CVs; Skewness; Kurtosis


Probability – axiomatic definition; Addition theorem; Conditional

probability; Bayes theorem; Random variable; Mathematical expectation;

Theoretical distributions – Binomial, Poisson, Normal, Standard normal and

Exponential distributions; Sampling parameter, statistic and standard

error; Census – sampling methods; Probability and non-probability

sampling; Purposive sampling; Simple random sampling; Stratified

sampling.


Testing of hypothesis; Null and alternative hypothesis; Type I and type II

errors; Level of significance; Large sample tests; Test of significance of

19

single and two sample means; Testing of single and two proportions -

Small sample tests: F-test – testing of single mean; Testing of two sample

means using independent t test, paired t test; Chi square test: Test for

goodness of fit - associationof attributes – testing linkage – segregation

ratio.


Correlation – Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Spearman’s rank

correlation; Partial and multiple correlation – regression analysis; Sample

linear and non linear regression; Multiple regression. Analysis of variance –

definition – assumptions – model; One way analysis of variance with equal

and unequal replications; Two way analysis of variance; Non parametric

tests – sign test – Mann Whitney ‘U’ test – Kruskal Wallis test.

References

1. P.S.S. Sundar Rao, P.H.Richard, J.Richard, An introduction to

Biostatistics, Prentice Hall

of India(P) Ltd., New Delhi, 2003.

2. Rangaswamy, R, A text book of Agricultural Statistics, New Age

International (P) Ltd.,

New Delhi. 2000.

3. Gupta S.P, Statistical Methods, Sultan Chand & Sons, New Delhi. 2005.

4. Panse V.G.Panse, Sukhatme P.V, Statistical methods for Agricultural

Workers, ICAR

Publications, New Delhi, 2000

5. Jerrold H. Zar, Bio Statistical Analysis, Tan Prints(I) Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi,

2003.

20

6. Chandel, S.R.S, A Hand Book of Agricultural Statistics, Achal Prakashan

Mandir, Kanpur,

1999.




will be a minimum of two tests per subject. The assessment details are to

be announced right at the beginning of the semester by the teacher.


Question pattern


module.


Question 1 : 20

marks

Question 2 : 20

marks

Question 3 :

20marks

Question 4 :

20marks

Question 5 :

20marks

Question 6 :

20marks

Question 7 :

20marks

Question 8 :

20marks

BTB 10 105 (B) ANIMAL AND PLANT CELL TECHNOLOGY

21

Teaching scheme

Credits: 4


22

Objective

Prepares the students for the bulk production of single cells of

animal and plant origin for the over production of required biomolecules

Module I (13 hours)

Animal cell metabolism: Regulation and nutritional requirement; Animal

cell growth characteristics and kinetics. Transport of nutrients: Substrate

and product transport through mammalian cell; Growth and mass transfer:

Micro-carrier attached growth; Cell culture in continuous, perfusion and

hollow-fiber reactor; Mass transfer in mammalian cell culture.


Scale up: Scale up of cell culture processes; Case studies; Special features

and organization of plant cells; Totipotency; Regeneration of plants;

Examples of regeneration from leaves, roots, stem etc.


Plant products: Plant products of industrial importance; Biochemistry of

major metabolic pathways and products; Cell suspension culture

development.


23

Kinetics and scale up: Characterization; Kinetics of growth; Product

formation and examples; Large scale production of secondary metabolites

from suspension cultures-nutrient optimization; Cell growth regulators;

Somaclonal variation; Plant cell reactors; Types of reactors; Comparison of

reactor performance; Immobilized plant cell reactors; Novel design

concepts; Genetic engineering: Genetic engineering of plant cells.

References

1. Biotol series, In vitro Cultivation of Plant cell, Butterworth Heinemann

Ltd., 1994

2. Biotol series, In vitro Cultivation of Animal cell, Butterworth Heinemann

Ltd. 1994.

3. M. M. Ranga, Animal Biotechnology, 3rd Revised Edition, Agrobios,

2007.

4. Bhojwani & Rajdhan, Animal and Plant Biotechnology.







Question pattern

24


module.


Question 1 : 20

marks

Question 2 : 20

marks

Question 3 :

20marks

Question 4 :

20marks

Question 5 :

20marks

Question 6 :

20marks

Question 7 :

20marks

Question 8 :

20marks

BTB 10 105 (C) MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY

Teaching scheme

Credits: 4


Objective

Enables the students to understand the wealth of marine biology

in biotechnological applications

Module I (13 hours)

Types of marine environment- physical, chemical and biological aspects

and their interaction with marine life. Methods of studying the marine

micro-organisms-methods of collection, enumeration (total and viable

25

counts), isolation, culture & identification based on morphological,

physiological and biochemical characteristics. Preservation of marine

microbes, culture collection centers (ATCC, IMTECh)


Microbial nutrition – influence of environment factors on microbial growth,

activity and distribution. Microbes of biotechnological importance –

primary and secondary metabolites. Seafood microbiology – normal

genera associated with fish, food spoilage, fish & human pathogens,

Indicator of Pollution – faecal coliforms – Prevention & control.


Introduction to marine pharmacology – terms and definitions – Medicinal

compounds from marine flora and fauna. Organic chemicals from marine

sources. Marine toxins from flora and fauna – Antitumour and cytotoxic

compouns from marine organisms – Antiviral substances – anti parasitic

agents – Shark cartilage as a source of an inhibitor of tumour

revascularization - Marine proteins and polysaccharides in clinical

application.


Biomedical potential of marine natural products – Isolation, /structural

elucidation and mode of action, Pharmacological studies of Novel marine

metabolites – Development of novel of foods and food ingredients – low

calorie sweeteners – Flavour modifiers – Nutritional enrichment – food

supplements. Food coloring agents, water binding agents.

References:

26

1. Rheinhemer, G., 1980. Aquatic Microbiology. John Wiley & sons.

2. Presscott, L.M., J.D.Harley and D.A.Klein, 1999. Microbiology, WEB

Mc Graw Hill.

3. Pelcar, M.J.Jr., E.C.S.Chan and N.R.Kreig, 1993. Microbiology –

Concepts and Applications.

4. Dube, H,.C., 1994. A Text Book of fungi, Bacteria & Viruses, Vikas

Publishing House.

5. Groisman, E.A., 2001. Bacterial Pathogenesis Academic press. New

york







Question pattern


module.

27


Question 1 : 20

marks

Question 2 : 20

marks

Question 3 :

20marks

Question 4 :

20marks

Question 5 :

20marks

Question 6 :

20marks

Question 7 :

20marks

Question 8 :

20marks

BTB 10 106 (P) BIOPROCESS ENGINEERING LAB / MINI PROJECT

Hours per week: 2 hours practical

Credits: 2

1. Microbial growth and product formation kinetics

2. Enzyme kinetics

3. Media optimization by Plackett and Burman method.

4. Batch, Fed batch and continuous bioreactors

5. Solid – state fermentation techniques

6. Bulk production of tailored organisms

7. Bioconversion using immobilized enzyme/whole cell preparation

8. Mass transfer in immobilized cell/enzyme reactor

Mini Project: Student has to do a mini project on a topic approved by a

three member committee and submit two copies of project report and an

assessment will be conducted by the committee

28

Internal Continuous assessment: 100 marks

Regularity : 30 marks

Record : 20 marks

Tests, viva : 50 marks

BTB 10 107 (P) SEMINAR

Hours per week: 2 hours practical

Credits: 2

Objective

University Seminar is with the objective of inculcating interest in

students to read scientific and technical literature, consolidate data as a

review of literature on the subject and enhances capability to present it in

front of learned audience. Seminar imparts experience, expertise and

eloquence in survey of literature, scientific writing, and condensation of

data and communication skill of a student.

• Individual students are required to choose a topic of their interest

from Bioprocess Engineering or related topics of industrial

orientation preferably from outside the M.Tech syllabus and give a

seminar on that topic about 45 minutes. A committee consisting of

at least three faculty members shall assess the presentation of the

seminar and award marks to the students based on merits of topic

of presentation. Each student shall submit two copies of a write- up

of the seminar topic. One copy shall be returned to the student after

duly certifying it by the chairman of the assessing committee and

the other will be kept in the departmental library. Internal

continuous assessment marks are awarded based on the relevance

of the topic presentation skill, quality of the report and participation.

29

Internal Continuous Assessment (Maximum Marks-100)

Presentation +Discussion : 60

Relevance + Literature : 10

Report : 20

Participation : 10

SECOND SEMESTER

BTB 10 201 BIOPROCESS PLANT DESIGN

Teaching scheme Credits: 43 hours lecture & 1 hour tutorial per week

Objective

To impart basic concepts of process and mechanical design of process plants and also impart knowledge of scale up of bioprocesses.

Module I (13 hours)

General design information. Essentials of material and energy balances. Process flowsheeting. P&I Diagrams. Pump and compressor selection. Pipe size selection. Materials of construction. Facility design aspects, utility supply aspects, equipment cleaning aspects, culture cell banks, CGMP guidelines, validation, safety in bioprocess plant. Process economics-Case studies.


Scale up of bioreactors. Effect of scale on oxygenation, mixing, sterilization, pH, temperature, inoculum development, nutrient availability and supply. Bioreactor scale up based on constant power consumption per volume, mixing time, impeller tip speed (shear), mass transfer coefficients.

30

Scale up of downstream processes: Adsorption (LVB method), Chromatography(constant resolution), Filtration (constant resistance), centrifugation (equivalent times), Extractors (geometry based rules).


(Using Chemical Engineers Handbook, pressure vessel codes and relevant attested copies of Perry)

Process design of distillation columns, extraction equipments and tray dryers. Mechanical design of pressure vessels under internal pressure, Mechanical design of stirred batch fermenter.

References

1. Perry’s Chemical Engineer’s Handbook; Mc Graw Hill

2. Chemical Engineering Design; R.K. Sinnot, Elsevior

3. Process Equipment Design; M.V. joshi and V.V. Mahajani, Mac Millan India Ltd

4. Process Engineering and Design; S.B. Thakor & B.I. Bhatt

5. Bioseparation Science and Engineering; Roger Harnsmetal, Oxford University Press

6. Plant Design & Economics for Chemical Engineers, 4th Edition; Max Peters & Klans D Timmerhauss, Mc Graw Hill Book Co 1991

Internal Continuous assessment: 100 marks

Internal continuous assessment is in the form of periodical test, assignments, seminars or a combination of all whichever suits best. There will be minimum of two tests per subject. The assessment details are to be announced right at the beginning of the semester by the teacher.


Question pattern

Answer any three questions by choosing at least one question from each module.

Module I Module II Module III

31

Question 1 : 20

marks

Question 2 : 20

marks

Question 3 :

30marks

Question 4 :

30marks

Question 5 :

50marks

Question 6 :

50marks

BTB 10 202 DOWNSTREAM PROCESSING IN BIOPROCESSES


Objective

Enable the students to learn the various industrial scale downstream processing operations in the bioprocess industries

Module I (13 hours)

Basic concepts of separation technology, Overview of a bioprocess including upstream and downstream processing, Importance of downstream processing in biotechnology, characteristics of biological molecules, New Separation process in modern biotechnology; Separation characteristics of proteins and enzymes – size, stability & other biological properties; Selection of purification methodologies.

Biomass removal and disruption: Cell disruption by Mechanical and non mechanical methods, Chemical lysis, Enzymatic lysis, physical methods, Sonication, Types of Homogenizers, Flocculation: detailed study of the electrokinetic phenomena-numerical problems


Product Isolation: Liquid - liquid extractions, scale up of extractors, Precipitation (salt, pH, organic solvent, high molecular weight polymer). Separation of particulate by filtration: dead end filtration, calculation of time required for filtration, washing etc, concept of filter medium resistance, Rotary Vacuum Filtration, scale up of filtration systems, design considerations of sterile filters, cross flow filtration:- different modes of operation, numerical problems.

Centrifugation and ultracentrifugation: Batch and continuous; settling and -sedimentation: principles, methods and coefficients, application of sedimentation coefficient, equilibrium time, sigma

32

analysis, decanting; Electrophoresis. Analysis using numerical examples may be included wherever required and relevant.


Membrane Based Separation: Membrane based purification: Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration, Reverse osmosis :- Models for reverse osmosis transport; design and operating parameters, solute rejection, permeability coefficient, concentration polarization, design of reverse osmosis module, applications etc-numerical problems. Dialysis; Structure and characteristics of membranes; Liquid membranes:- various types, transport mechanism, applications; Gas separation:- membranes for gas separation, models, Membrane reactors. Analysis using numerical examples may be included wherever required and relevant. Electrodialysis; Diafiltration; Pervaporation; Perstraction, Biotechnological applications of membrane based separations.

Module IV(14 hours)

Separation by Adsorption and Chromatography: Types of adsorption; adsorbents types, their preparation and properties, Types of adsorption isotherms and their importance; Chromatography:- general theory, partition coefficients, zone spreading, resolution and plate height concept and other chromatographic terms and parameters; chromatographic method selection; selection of matrix; separation based on size, charge, hydrophobicity and affinity: Gel filtration, Ion exchange chromatography, Affinity chromatography, IMAC chromatography; Covalent chromatography; Reverse phase chromatography (RPC) and hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC), HPLC, role of HPLC in protein characterization; Chromatofocussing; Polishing of Bioproducts by Crystallization of small and large molecules, drying and Formulations. Analysis using numerical examples may be included wherever required and relevant. Case Studies of the downstream processing of Baker's yeast, Ethanol, Power alcohol, Citric acid, Intracellular proteins, Penicillin, Streptomycin, Insulin, Casein, interferon, Large scale separation and purification of E.coli, yeast, Recombinant products shall be given due emphasis.

Note: The question paper shall contain 50% numerical problems. The question paper setters should be instructed to prepare the questions accordingly.

Text Books and References

1. E L V Harris and S. Angal, Protein Purification Methods, Ed. IRL Press at Oxford University Press, 1989.

2. Roger G. Harrison, Paul Todd, Scott R. Rudge, Demetri P. Petrides, Bioseparations Science and Engineering, Oxford University Press

3. P.A. Belter, E.L. Cussler and Wei-Shou Hu., Bioseparations-Downstream Processing for Biotechnology, Wiley- Interscience Publication, 1988.

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4. B Sivasankar, Bioseparations - principles and techniques, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi,

5. Subramanian Ganapathy, Bioseparation & bioprocessing, (2nd Ed.) Wiley-VCH, 2007

6. J. E. Bailey and D. F. Ollis, Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals, 2nd Edition, Mc-Graw Hill, Inc., 1986.

7. Asenjo J.A. and J.Hong (Eds), Separation Processes in Biotechnolgy, Taylor and Francis

8. P F Stanbury and A Whitaker, Principles of fermentation technology Pergamon press (1984)

9. M. Moo-Young, Comprehensive Biotechnology" Vol.2 Ed.: (1985)

10. T. Schepler et al, Biotreatment, Downstream Processing and Modeling” (Advances in Biochemical Engineering /Biotechnology, Vol 56) by Springer Verlag

11 C.A. Costa and J.S. Cabral, Kluwer, Chromatographic and Membrane Processes in Biotechnology” Academic Publisher

12. J.P. Hamel, J.B. Hunter and S.K. Sikdar, Downstream Processing, American Chemical Society

13. M.R. Ladisch, R.C. Wilson, C.C. Painton and S.E. Builder, Protein Purification, American Chemical society ,Verlag

14. Robert K. Scopes, Protein purification: Principle and practice, third edition, Springer, editor: Charles R. Cantor

Internal continuous assessment: 100 marks Internal continuous assessment is in the form of periodical tests, assignments, seminars or a combination of all whichever suits best. There will be a minimum of two tests per subject. The assessment details are to be announced right at the beginning of the semester by the teacher.


Question patternAnswer any 5 questions by choosing at least one question from each module.


Question 1 : 20 marksQuestion 2 : 20 marks

Question 3 : 20marksQuestion 4 : 20marks



BTB 10 203 ADVANCED ENZYME SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING


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Objective

Enables the student to understand enzyme kinetics, mass transfer effects in immobilized enzyme systems and design of enzyme reactors

Module I (13 hours)

Classification of enzymes. Enzyme specificity, Enzyme units and turnover number. The mechanism of enzyme catalysis. Important industrial enzymes and their sources. General aspects of enzyme

production solid state fermentation and submerged culture methods. General aspects of enzyme

Purification. Commercial applications of enzymes in industrial, analytical and medical fields. Genetically engineered enzymes in commerce


Simple enzyme kinetics- Michaelis-Menten and Briggs-Haldane approach. Evaluation of parameters in Michaelis-Menten equation. Kinetics for two substrate reactions. Inhibition of enzyme reactions- competitive and non-competitive inhibition. Substrate activation and inhibition. Influence of pH, temperature, shear, chemical agents and irradiation on enzyme activity. Deactivation models and kinetics. Strategies for enzyme stabilization


Enzyme immobilization, covalent binding, cross-linking, adsorption, matrix entrapment, microencapsulation. Advantages and disadvantages of different immobilization techniques. Overview of applications of immobilized enzyme systems

Mass transfer effects in immobilized enzyme systems. Analysis of film and pore-diffusion effects on kinetics of immobilized reactions. Zero order kinetics and first order kinetics- effectiveness factors. Effective diffusivities in biological gels.


Design of batch and continuous reactors for soluble enzyme reaction. Immobilized enzyme reactor design- CSTR, PFR, packed bed, fluidized bed and membrane reactors. Bioconversion calculations in free-enzyme and immobilized enzyme reactors. Enzyme biosensors

References

1.Bailley and Ollis, Biochemical Engg Fundamentals, McGraw Hill

2.James M Lee, Biochemical Engineering, Prentice Hall

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3.Pauline M Doran Bioprocess Engg Fundamentals, Academic Press

4. Michael L schuler& Fikret Kargi, Bioprocess Engineering-bacic Concepts


Internal continuous assessment is in the form of periodical tests, assignments, seminars or a combination of all whichever suits best. There will be a minimum of two tests per subject. The assessment details are to be announced right at the beginning of the semester by the teacher.

End semester Examination: 100 marks Question pattern

Answer any 5 questions by choosing at least one question from each module.






BTB 10 204 (A) BIOINFORMATICS


Objective Looks into the possibility of using information technology to decipher the complicated biological

reaction mechanisms as well as understanding the structural complexity of a macromolecule

Module I (13 hours)

What is bioinformatics?

Scope of Bioinformatics – elementary commands and protocols, flip telnet, and http. Prinar on information theory.

Sequencing alignment and dynamic programming

Introduction – strings, Edit distance to strings – string similarity local alignment gaps parametric sequence alignments – suboptimal alignments – multiple alignment- common multiple alignment methods


Sequence data base and their use

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Introduction to data bases – data base search – algorithm issues in data base search sequence data base search – FASTA – BLAST - Amino acid substitution matrices PAM and BLOSSUM


Evolutionary trees and Phylogeny

Ultra sonic trees – parsimony – Ultra metric problem – Perfect phylogenetic alignment – connection between multiple alignment and tree construction


Special topics in bioinformatics

DNA Mapping and sequencing-Map alignment-large scale sequencing and alignment- shotgun –DNA sequencing –sequence assembly-Gene predictions- Molecular predictions with DNA strings

References

1. Dan Gusfield, Algorithms on strings Trees and Sequences Cambridge University Press 1997

2. P.Baldi, S.Brunk, BioInformatics: A machine learning approach MIT Press 1998.


Internal continuous assessment is in the form of periodical tests, assignments, seminars or combination of all whichever suits best. There will be minimum of two tests per subject. The assessment details are to be announced right at the beginning of the semester by the teacher.


Question pattern







BTB 10 204 (B) ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY


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Objective

The objective of the course is to create a general scientific understanding of the basic concepts in instrumentation used in biotechnology and bioprocessing.

Module I (13 hours)

Electromagnetic Spectrum, Interaction of Electromagnetic radiation with matter and transition between molecular energy levels, Jablonski diagram, Types of molecular energies, classification of Instrumental methods.

Basic principles, instrumentation, application in biotechnology; Basic laboratory Instruments: Principle and working of pH meter, Laminar-air flow chambers.

Microscopic identification of various microorganisms: Phase contrast Microscopy, confocal microscopy Fluorescent Microscopy, Electron Microscopy, Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy, Video Micrography, Atomic force Microscopy. Flow Cytometry.

Electrophoresis: General principle, factors affecting electrophoresis – voltage, current, resistance, buffer– composition, concentration, pH. Gel electrophoresis: Types of gels (starch, agarose, polyacrylamide), Idea of electrophoresis unit, preparation of gel, sample application, running the samples, SDS-PAGE - Principle, apparatus and methods, gradient gels, Two dimensional gels, isoelectric focusing. Microarray Technology:Basic Principles, Slide printing.


Chromatographic Techniques: Introduction to chromatography: General principles, column chromatography– columns, stationary phases. Packing of columns, application of sample, column development, fraction collection and analysis. Partition and adsorption chromatography (brief idea). Affinity Chromatography; Principle, materials matrix, selection of attachment of ligands, practical procedures, specific and non-specific elution, applications. Ion Exchange Chromatography: Principle, types of exchangers, materials, choice of exchangers and buffers and applications. Gel Filtration chromatography: Principle, idea of distribution coefficient, exclusion limit, fractionation range, bed volume, void volume, elution volume, chemical properties of gel and applications.

Gas Chromatography: Principle of GC system, solid support, capillary column, stationary phase, preparation and application of sample, separation conditions, detection systems and applications.

HPLC: Principle, components of HPLC system, column, column packing, chromatographic solvents, pumping systems, detector systems and its applications.


Spectroscopy: Spectroscopic Techniques; Introduction, Energy levels and transition of electrons, Types of spectra, Beers Lamberts law, molar and extinction coefficient, limitations of Beers Lamberts

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law. Visible and UV Spectrophotometry; Principles, Instrumentation and applications. Spectroflourimetry; Principle, Stoke’s shift, quantum efficiency, instrumentation and applications.

Atomic and Flame spectrophotometry; Principles, Instrumentation and applications for flame emission / atomic absorption spectrophotometry and their comparative study. Mass spectrometry: Principles, Instrumentation and applications. Theory and applications of IR, NMR, Fluorescence, Atomic Absorption, Mass spectroscopy, CD, ORD, Mass, Raman Spectroscopy, ESR principles - instrumentation-applications, Beer-Lambert’s law, Use of NMR in elucidation biosynthesis pathways.


Radioisotopic techniques: Use of radioisotopes in life sciences, radioactive labelling, principle and application of tracer techniques, detection and measurement of radioactivity using ionization chamber, proportional chamber, Geiger- Muller and Scintillation counters, autoradiography and its applications, Dosimetry, Immunoassay.

Thermal Analysis: Differential scanning calorimetry and differential analysis Instrumentation, Thermogravimetry, Methodology of Thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry and differential thermal analysis.

References

1. Wilson K and Goulding K.H., A biologist’s guide to Principles and Techniques of Practical Biochemistry.

2. Willard and Merrit, Instrumental Methods and Analysis

3. Ewing GW, Instrumental Methods of Chemical analysis.

4. Robert. M. Silverstein et al, Spectrometric identification of Organic Compounds, 7th Edition, 1981.

5. Vogel’s, Text Book of Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 6th Edition, 2004.

6. John A. Adamovic, Chromatographic Analysis of Pharmaceuticals, 2nd Edition.

7. Raymond P. W. Scott, Techniques and Practice of Chromatography –Vol. 70.

8. Sethi P.D, Dilip Charegaonkar, Chromatography –2nd Edition.

9. Niessen W. M. A., Van Der Greef J, Liquid Chromatography– Mass Spectrometry, Vol. 58.

10. Kalsi.P.K, Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds.

11. Hanes, Gel Electrophoresis of Proteins- A Practical Approach,

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12. Hamilton R. J. and Sewell P. A, Introduction to High Performance Liquid Chromatography

13. Gordon M. Message, Practical aspects of Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry, John Wiley and Sons, New York. 1984

14. Chapman J.M and G.Ayrey, The use of radioactive isotopes in the life sciences, George Allen and Unwin Ltd., London.

15. J.R. Lakowicz; Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy (Springer)


Internal continuous assessment is in the form of periodical tests, assignments, seminars or a combination of all whichever suits best. There will be minimum of two tests per subject. The assessment details are to be announced right at the beginning of the semester by the teacher.


Question pattern







BTB 10 204 (C) PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY


ObjectiveThe objective of the course is to enable the students to know about drug absorption and delivery, pharmacogenomics,gene therapy,production of r-therapeutics, and methods of drug manufacture.

Module 1 (13 hours)

An overview of pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical biotechnology. Current status and future prospects. Scope of biotechnology in pharmacy and medical sectors. Pharmaceuticals of animal, plant and microbial origin.

Mechanism of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion- factors affecting the ADME process.Drug delivery system. Controlled drug delivery system and novel drug delivery system


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Genomics and its impact on medicine: Rational drug design processes- introduction. QSAR, 3-DQSAR. Genetic counselling and gene testing. Cancer –oncogenes, tumour suppressor genes and growth factors.

Pharmacogenomics: Hereditary disorders. Single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) and its application in molecular medicine and personal medicine. Pharmacogenomics based approaches for cancer, diabetes, hypertension and alzheimers disease etc.


Gene therapy: Principles, methods and applications of gene therapy. Viral and non-viral systems for gene therapy. Gene therapy case studies-cancer, inborn errors and hematopoietic disorders.Genetically engineered pharmaceuticals: Concept and method for production of r-therapeutics with reference to insulin, growth hormone, hematopoietic growth factors, hepatitis B vaccine and interferon


Principles of monoclonal antibodies production, design and development of ELISA kit. Monoclonal antibodies in diseases detection and treatment. Role of PCR in microbial , plant and animal cell/ virus detection

Principles of drug manufacture- solutions, suspensions and emulsions. Topical application- ointments,creams, suppositories.Solid dosage forms-powders, granules, capsules, coating of tablets, aerosols. Preservation, Packing techniques . Indian pharmacopoeia, Guide to good manufacturing practice. Preclinical and clinical trials, Role of regulatory agencies.

References

1 S.K.Vyas,V.K.Dixit, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, CBS Publishers, New Delhi

2 Daan J.ACrommilin and RobertD. Sindelar, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Taylor and Francis, London

3 Oliver Kayser, Ramier H. Miller, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology: Drug Discovery and clinical applications, Wiley Interscience.

4 Rodney J.Y. Ho, and Milo Gibaldi, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals, Wiley Liss sons Publications, New Jersey

5 Lachman,Lieberman and Kanig , The Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy

Internal continuous assessment: 100 marks Internal continuous assessment is in the form of periodical tests, assignments, seminars or a combination of all whichever suits best. There will be minimum of two tests per subject. The assessment details are to be announced right at the beginning of the semester by the teacher.


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Question pattern







ELECTIVE III

BTB 10 205 (A) INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY


Objective The objective of the course is to give the students ideas about the role of a biotechnological

engineer and manufacturing techniques of various biotechnology industry products.

Module 1 (14 hours)

A review of industrial fermentation and enzymatic processes and products. Role of a bioprocess engineer in bioprocess industry. Outline of the various unit operations involved in the upstream and downstream operations of a bioprocess plant. Process flowsheeting.

A survey of organisms. Isolation and improvement of microbial strains, mutation and mutant selection. Recombinant DNA technology for overproduction of primary and secondary metabolites.

Capital cost estimation, operating cost estimation, profitability analysis. GMP and cGMP. Utilities in a bioprocess plant. Energy conservation and audit in a bioprocess plant.


Production of Amylases, Proteases, Lipase, Cellulase, Pectinase, Glucose isomerase.General purification methods for enzymes.

Application of enzymes in Starches, Sugars and Syrups Industry, Milling and Baking, Fruit and Vegetable Juice manufacture, Savoury Flavor enhancement, Brewing, Textiles and Laundry Detergents, Pulp and Paper industry, Tanning Industry.

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Manufacture of Citric acid, Acetic acid ,Lactic acid, Gluconic acid, Pencillin,Steptomycin, Bakers Yeast,High Fructose Corn Syrup, Ethanol, Butanol, SCP,PHA, PHB, Aspartame, Nisin aqnd Glutamic acid


Manufacture of human insulin, Interferon, Erythropoietin, Steptokinase, Urokinase, Interleukin, Blood factor VIII, Hepatitis B Vaccine, Vitamin B12, Riboflavin, Vitamin-C, Monoclonal antibodies (Therapeutic )

References

1. Michael L Schuler & Fikret Kargi “ Bioprocess Engineering”, Prentice Hall of India2. Wulf Crueger and Anneliese Crueger “ A Textboof of Industial Microbiology” , Panima Publishing

Corporation.3. Moo-Young. M, “ Comprehensive Biotechnology” Pergamon Press ( Oxford )4. N.Gray, M. Calvin, SC Batia, “ Enzymes biotechnology”, CBS Publishers & Distributors5. A.H. Patel “ Industrial Microbiology” Macmillan.6. S.N. Jogdand “ Biopharmaceuticals” Himalaya Publishing House



Question pattern







BTB 10 205 (B) FOOD ENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY


Objective

The objective of the course is to give concepts of food biotechnology, dairy microbiology and various engineering aspects of food processing

Module I (13 hours)

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Microbial flora of common foods. Microbial spoilage of foods and food products. Factors affecting the growth and survival of microorganisms in foods. Food borne infections and intoxications. Microbiological examination of foods. Preservation of foods.

Fermented foods and beverages, food ingredients and additives prepared by fermentation. Food safety strategies, HACCP concept. Food laws and food safety acts. Monitoring of safety. Safety assessment of genetically modified foods. Introduction to food packaging


Dairy microbiology. Sources of microorganisms in milk. Microorganisms in milk. Bacteriological examination of milk. Preservation of milk- Pasteurization ,Sterilization, Dehydration. Bacteriological standards and grading of milk. Milkborne diseases. Cleaning and sanitation in dairy industries. Dairy plant waste treatment technologies.


Steam generation and utilization in food industry. Properties of steam . Classification of boilers. Utilization of steam in food processing. Microwave heating.

Refrigeration- basic concepts, refrigeration load, refrigeration in food processing.

Humidification, humidity, psycrometric charts, humidifiers and dehumidifiers, Application of humidification in food processing


Drying. Theory of crying. Drying equipment. Application of drying in food processing.

Extraction. Solid-Liquid extraction. Extraction theory. Counter- current and co-current . Extraction equipment. Supercritical Fluid Extraction in food processing

Evaporation, Boiling Point Rise, Single Effect and Multiple Effect Evaporators. Evaporation Equipment.

References

1. Michael J. Pelczar,ECS Chan, Noel R Krieg, “ Microbiology”.2. W.C. Frazier “ Food microbiology”, Tata McGrawHill.3. James M Jay “ Modern Food Microbiology”, CBS Publishers4. D.G.Rao, Fundamentals of Food Engineering , Prentice Hall of India.5. Toledo R.T. “ Fundamentals of Food Process Engg” , CBS Publishers




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Question pattern







BTB 10 205 (C) BIONANOTECHNOLOGY


Objective

Trains the student to understand the potentials and applications of nanotechnology for biological applications

Module I (13 hours)

Introduction to nano biotechnology – micro and nanosystems and technologies; overview of nano devices and techniques

Synthesis and characterization of nano scale materials- Strategies for nano architecture (top down and bottom up approaches) – fabrication technologies and characterization – self - assembly systems

Nanobiotechnology and microorganisms – PHA in nano biotechnology – cyanophycin inclusions – magnetosomes – alignates – bacteriophages – bacterial spores – bacterial protein complexes – s – layer proteins – bacteriorhodopsin


Inorganic nanoscale systems for biosystems – nano-structured materials – Fullerenes: properties and characterization – carbon nano tubes: characterization and application – quantum dots and wires – gold nanoparticles –nanopores


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Nanomolecules in biosystems – proteins, lipids, RNA and DNA – nanoscale elements for delivery of materials into cells – peptide coupled nanoparticles – DNA based artifical nano structures – proteins as components in nanodevices

Nanotechnology and cell – cell motility: nanomotors and cellular navigation – chemotaxis – transmembrane signalling and related proteins- nanoscale artificial platforms: lipids in self-assembly structures.


Nanobiotechnology in drug delivery – nanoscale devices for drug delivery – micelles for drug delivery – protein targeting: small molecules-protein interactions – microarray and genome chips – nanobiosensors and nanobiochips, Nanomedicines, Drug targeting

Nanotechnology for cancer diagnosis and treatment – tumour targeted drug delivery system – nanotechnology for imaging and detection .Nanotechnology for cell destruction

References:

1. Nanobiotechnology in molecular diagnostics – current techniques and applications K.K.Jain (2006); Taylar and Francis publications.

2. Applications of nanoparticles in biology and medicine. O.V.Salata. Journal of nanobiotechnology (2004), 2:3

3. Microbial Bionanotechnology Edited by Bernard H.A Relim




Question pattern







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BTB 10 206 (P) DOWNSTREAM PROCESSING LAB/ MINI PROJECT

Hours per week: Practical 2 hours Credits: 2

1. Gel filtration chromatography

2. Ion exchange Chromatography

3. Hydrophobic interaction chromatography

4. Affinity chromatography

5. Storage techniques for bioactive compounds- Freeze drying, Spray drying

6. Separation and identification of protein subunits

7. Separation & identification nucleic acids on gel electrophoresis

8. Molecular mass determination & subunit molecular mass determination of enzymes

9. Density gradient separation of proteins or nucleic acids


Regularity - 30 marks Record - 20 marks Tests, Viva - 50 marks

Mini project

Teaching scheme: 2 hours per week Credits: 2

Objective

To practice the steps involved for the selection, execution, and reporting of the project and to

train the students for group activities to accomplish an engineering task.

• Individual students are required to choose a topic of their interest. The subject content of the

mini project shall be from emerging/thrust areas, topics of current relevance having research

aspects or shall be based on industrial visits. At the end of the semester, the students should

submit a report duly authenticated by the respective guide, to the head of the department.

Mini project will have internal marks 50 and semester end examination marks 50. Internal marks will

be awarded by respective guides as per the stipulations given below.

Attendance, regularity of the student = 20 marks

Individual evaluation through viva voce/test = 30 marks

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Total = 50 marks

Semester End examination will be conducted by a committee consisting of three faculty

members. The students are required to bring the report completed in all respects duly authenticated by

the respective guide and head of the department before the committee. Students individually will

present their work before the committee. The committee will evaluate the students individually and

marks shall be awarded as follows.

Report : 25 marks

Concept/Knowledge in the topic : 15 marks

Presentation : 10 marks

Total marks : 50 marks

BTB 10 207 (P) SEMINAR


Objective

University Seminar is with the objective of inculcating interest in students to read scientific

and technical literature, consolidate data as a review of literature on the subject and enhances

capability to present it in front of learned audience. Seminar imparts experience, expertise and

eloquence in survey of literature, scientific writing, and condensation of data and communication

skill of a student.

Individual students are required to choose a topic of their interest from Bioprocess

Engineering or related topics with industrial orientation preferably from outside the M.Tech syllabus

and give a seminar on that topic about 30 minutes. A committee consisting of at least three faculty

members shall assess the presentation of the seminar and award marks to the students based on merits

of topic of presentation. Each student shall submit two copies of a write up of his/her seminar topic.

One copy shall be returned to the student after duly certifying it by the chairman of the assessing

committee and the other will be kept in the departmental library. Internal continuous assessment

marks are awarded based on the relevance of the topic, presentation skill, quality of the report and

participation.


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Evaluation shall be based on the following pattern:

Report = 50 marks

Concept/knowledge in the topic = 20 marks

Presentation = 30 marks

Total marks = 100 marks

THIRD SEMESTER

The student has to credit 2 theory subjects from the two groups of electives listed. The student has to undergo an industrial training of duration one month during the semester break after the semester II and complete that within 15 calendar days from the start of semester III.

BTB 10 301(A) MODELLING AND SIMULATION OF BIOPROCESSES


Objective

To give a sound understanding of the fundamental principles of modelling in bioprocessing applications

Module I (13 hours)

Approach to Modelling: Significance of modelling and simulation, kinetic models on different approaches; deterministic and stochastic, structured and unstructured, segregated and unsegregated; examples of each. Compartmental models (two and four); product formation model; genetically structured models, modelling of extra cellular enzyme production.


Modelling of Bioprocess: Modelling of continuous sterilization of medium; modelling of activated sludge process with a control system; model for anaerobic digestion, model for SCP production form spent sulphite liquor. Models for external mass transfer, internal diffusion and reaction within biocatalysts, model for antibiotic formation; modelling of therapeutic protein production with

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recombinant cells. Modelling of Non-ideal Behaviour in Bioreactors-Tanks-in-series and Dispersion models.


Simulation techniques (Software): continuous system simulators (CSMP, INT, LEANS, MIDAS, MIMIC); dynamic process simulators (DYFLO, DYNSIS, PRODYC, REMUS); steady state material and energy balance programs (PACER, FLOWTRAN, CHESS); some aspects of INT and DYFLO programs; General arrangement of main program using INT subroutines.


Simulation techniques (Numerical Methods): Programs based on numerical methods like algebraic equations, Newton_Raphson method for algebraic convergence, interpolation, arbitrary function generation (FUN1, FUN2 subroutines). Programs based on solution of differential equations: Euler method for 1st and 2nd order integration, subroutines INT and INTI; Fourth order Runga –Kutta method: stability of numerical integration variable slip size method. Case studies, Numerical problems.

References

1. Bailey, J.E and D.F ollis , Biochemical Engineering fundamentals , 2nd ed. McGraw Hill Book Co. , 1988

2. Blanch, H.W and I.J. Dunn ,“Modeling and Simulation in Biochemical Engg” in advances in biochemical engg. Vol-3 edited by T.K. Ghosh, A.Fiechler and N. Blakebrngh.

3. R.G.E Franks, “ Modeling and Simulation in chemical engineering “, Wiley International 1972.

4. Kleinstreur ,C. and T. Powegha, “ Modeling and Simulation of Bioreactor Process Dynamics “ in Advances in Biochemical Engg./ Biotechnology , vol.30 , edited by A. Fiechler springer verlag , Berlin , Heidelberg,1984.





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Question 1 : 20 marks


Question 3 : 20marks






BTB 10 301(B) PROCESS CONTROL AND INSTRUMENTATION IN BIOPROCESSES


ObjectiveTo impart basic knowledge about instrumentation and process control strategies adopted in bioprocess systems.

Module I (13 hours)

Introduction on instrumentation. Methods of measuring process variables like temperature, flow measurement, pressure, microbial biomass, dissolved oxygen, inlet and exit gas analysis, pH, Redox, Medium chemical sensors. Online analysis for other chemical factors


General introduction of a process control system. Design elements of a control system. Introduction to mathematical modelling. Basics and examples of mathematical modelling. Linearization of non-linear systems. Qualitative analysis of a response of a system. Dynamic behaviour of first order systems. Study of different order systems. Dynamic behaviour of higher order systems

.


Concept of feedback control. Types of feedback controllers. Block diagrams, manual control, automatic control- proportional, integral, derivative and composite control. Control actions on the dynamic response of a system. Notion of stability. Criterion for stability – Routh test, Frequency response analysis – Bode plot


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Process control in bioprocess systems. Direct regulatory control. Cascade control of metabolism. Programmed batch bioreaction. Design and operating strategies for batch plants and continuous process control. Computer applications in fermentation technology. Data logging and data analysis.

References:

1. Principles of fermentation technology; P.F.Stanbury, A. Whitaker and S.J. Hall, Aditya Books(P) Ltd.

2. Process Systems Analysis and Control; Coughanowr & Koppel, Mc Graw Hill.

3. Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals; James E. Bailey and David F. Ollis, Mc Graw Hill book company.














BTB 10 301 (C) TRANSPORT PHENOMENA IN BIOPROCESSES


Objective To expose the students to the concepts of momentum, heat and mass transfer in bio processing

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Module I (14 hours)

Momentum transfer:Review of basic concepts – Conservation of Mass, , Momentum Balance (Three dimensional equations in various geometries – Formulation of Momentum Balance in laminar flows in various geometries in Cartesian and polar geometry configurations and obtaining velocity and shear stress profiles for typical flow problems using Shell balance approach and deducing from conservation equations.


Heat transfer: Review of basic concepts – Various modes of heat transfer, viz., conduction, convection and radiation. Design Equations for Heat Transfer Systems – Energy Balance, boundary conditions, Calculation of Heat-Transfer Coefficients. Shell energy balances and temperature distributions in solids and laminar flow;

Application of heat transfer in bioprocessing, Heat Management in Bioreactors, Relationship between heat transfer, cell concentration and stirring conditions. Use of three dimensional energy balance equations to solve typical heat transfer problems to determine the temperature and heat flux distribution.


Mass transfer: Review of basic concepts – Diffusivity, theory of diffusion, analogy between mass, heat and momentum transfer, role of diffusion in bio processing. Definition of binary mass transfer coefficients, transfer coefficients at high mass transfer rates- boundary layer theory, penetration theory. Convective mass transfer – Liquid-solid mass transfer, liquid-liquid mass transfer, gas- liquid mass transfer. Use of conservation equations to solve different mass transfer problems


Fermentation Broth Rheology – Viscosity, Rheological Properties of Fermentation Broths, Factors affecting broth viscosity.

Oxygen transport to microbial cultures – Gas- liquid mass transfer fundamentals, oxygen requirement of microbial cultures. Oxygen requirements of microbial cultures, oxygen mass transfer fundamentals. oxygen transfer and oxygen demand. Oxygen transfer by aeration and agitation. Determination of oxygen mass transfer coefficient by various methods including dynamic gassing out and oxygen balance methods.

Mixing in a Bioreactor – Flow regimes with and without baffles, various types of impellers and mixing equipment. Power Requirements for Mixing, Ungassed Newtonian Fluids, Gassed Fluids, Improving Mixing in Fermenters, Effect of Rheological Properties on Mixing, Role of Shear in Stirred Fermenters

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Note: The students will be permitted to use the attested copies of the conservation equations in different geometries in the examination hall. The Photostat copies of the conservation equations are to be certified by the concerned faculty and approved by the Head of the department for using the same in the examination hall.

References 1. Arthur T. Johnson, Biological Process Engineering: An Analogical Approach to Fluid

Flow, Heat Transfer, and Mass Transfer Applied to Biological Systems, John Wiley and Sons, 1998.

2. R. B. Bird et al., Transport Phenomena, 2nd Edition, Wiley, 2006.

3. Pauline M. Doran, Bioprocess Engineering Principles, Academic Press, 1995. 4. Blanch H.W and Douglas S. C, Biochemical Engineering, CRC Press, 1997. 5. Michael L Shuler and Fikret Kargi, Bioprocess Engineering: Basic Concepts, Prentice-Hall of

India Pvt Ltd, 2008.


Internal continuous assessment is in the form of periodical tests, assignments, seminars or combination of all whichever suits best. There will be a minimum of two tests per subject. The assessment details are to be announced right at the beginning of the semester by the teacher.


Question pattern







ELECTIVE V

BTB 10 302 (A) MEMBRANE SEPARATION TECHNOLOGY


Objective

Introduce the ideas of membrane preparation factors affecting the separation and the applications of membrane processes

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Module I (14 hours)

Basic principle of membrane separation. Classification of membrane separation processes. Advantages and disadvantages of membrane processes. Retention or rejection coefficient. Factors affecting the separation processes- concentration polarization and fouling. Membrane types, materials and modules. General methods of membrane manufacture. Application of membrabe separation processes in pharmaceutical, food, dairy, bioprocess and chemical industry

.


The concept of reverse osmosis. Flux equations. Design and operating parameters- concentration polarization and membrane plugging. Design of an RO Module. Applications of reverse osmosis.

The principle of nanofiltration, nanofiltration membrane, parameters affecting the performance of NF membranes. Industrial applications.


The basic principle of ultra filtration, ultrafiltration membranes, configuration of UF unit, Types of devices in ultrafiltration. Factors affecting the performance of ultrafiltration. Fouling and flux decline.

Affinity ultrafiltration in protein purification and other applications.


The basic principle of microfiltration. Cross flow and dead end microfiltration. Microfiltration membranes. Mechanism of transport. Membrane plugging and throughput. Fouling in microfiltration membranes and factors affecting fouling. Applications of microfiltration.

Dialysis. Dialysis membranes, Mass transfer in dialysis. Applications. Elecrodialysis- principles and applications.

References 1.Kaushik Nath “ Membrane Separation Processes “”, Prentice Hall of India

2.B.Sivasanker “ Bioseparations “” Prentice Hall of India



Question pattern


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BTB 10 302 (B) ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING


Objective

To impart basic concepts of water pollution and pollution due to solid waste and to impart knowledge about the design of equipment for controlling pollution due to wastewater and also to study the waste treatment of major organic industries.

Module I (13 hours)

Wastewater characteristics. Constituents of wastewater- physical, chemical, and biological. Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) specification for effluents. Analytical Techniques. An overview of physical, chemical and biological treatment methods.

Design of equalization basin , screen chamber, grit chamber, oil and grease trap, chemical coagulation and precipitation. Primary treatment.


Biological treatment of wastewater-aerobic processes. Secondary treatment. Mass balance for biomass growth and food utilization. Description of suspended and attached growth processes. Design considerations like MLSS, F/M ratio, Mean cell residence time, HRT, SRT, organic loading etc. Design of an activated sludge plant and secondary settling tank. Design of Moving Bed BioReactor( MBBR)


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Anaerobic biological wastewater treatment. Packed bed reactors, Extended bed reactors, Fluidized bed reactors. Design of a anaerobic contact process and UASB. Quantity of methane gas produced, Anaerobic sludge digestion.


Municipal solid waste. characterization. Waste generation. MSW treatment. composting- aerobic, anaerobic and vermi. Sanitary landfill. Recovery and recycling. Design of incinerators.

Wastewater treatment for pulp and paper ,dairy, distillery, tannery, food &allied industry, drugs and pharmaceuticals industries. Slaughter house waste. Biomedical waste management Hazardous waste management

.

References:

1. Wastewater Engineering, Metcalf and Eddy, Mcgraw Hill

2. Environmental Engg, Howard s. Peavy, Donald R. Rowe, George Tcchobanoglous, Mc Graw Hill

3. Wastewater Treatment Concepts and design Approach ,G.L.Karia, R.A. Christian













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BTB 10 302 (C) BIOENERGY ENGINEERING

Teaching scheme Credits: 43 hours lecture & 1 hour tutorial per weekObjective

Enables the student to understand the various bioenergy systems and to study in detail the various technologies in biogas, biodiesel, biohydrogen and microbial fuel cells

Module I (13 hours)

General classification of energy. Indian and world energy resources and consumption. Energy crisis.Energy alternatives. Importance of bioenergy. Biomass energy resources. Biochemical and thermochemical methods of biomass conversion. Preparation of woody biomass- size reduction, briquetting, drying , storage and handling of biomass. Combustion, gasification and pyrolysis of biomass. Design approach for biomass gasifiers. Combustion of biomass- calculations and design of equipments. Cogeneration in biomass processing industries.


Biogas technology. Significance of biogas technology in Indian economy. Feedstock for biogas production. Microbial and biochemical aspects of biogas production. Kinetics of anaerobic fermentation. Dry and wet fermentation. Variuos designs of biogas digesters. High rate digesters for industrial wastewater treatment. Two-phase anaerobic digestion.

Module III(14 hours)

Bioethanol. Feedstock for bioethanol production. Microbiology and biochemistry of ethanol production.Ethanol production technologies. Separate and simultaneous hydrolysis and fermentation. Recovery of bioethanol. Metabolic pathway modification of certain of ethanologenic bacteria through genetic engineering .Bioethanol as a transportation fuel.

Biodiesel. Chemical ,thermodynamic and reaction kinetic aspects of biodiesel production through transesterification.. Sources of oil. Variables affecting transesterification. Properties of biodiesel. Engine performance characteristics with biodiesel


Biohydrogen. Photofermentation- photoautotrophic and photohetrotrophic hydrogen production.Substrates for biohydrogen production. Effect of environmental factors in hydrogen production. Comparison with non-biological hydrogen production.

Microbial fuel cells. Biochemical basis. Fuel cell design- anode and cathode compartment, microbial cultures, redox mediators, exchange membrane, power density. Single and two chamber designs. Effectiveness of MFC for wastewater treatment

References

1. Chakraverthy A, “Biotechnology and Alternative Technologies for Utilization of Biomass

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or AgriculturalWastes”, Oxford & IBH publishing Co, 1989.

2. D. Yogi Goswami, Frank Kreith, Jan. F .Kreider, “Principles of Solar Engineering”, 2nd

Edition, Taylor & Francis, 2000, Indian reprint, 2003 [chapter 10]

3. Mital K.M, “Biogas Systems: Principles and Applications”, New Age International

publishers (P) Ltd., 1996.

4. Nijaguna, B.T., Biogas Technology, New Age International publishers (P) Ltd., 2002

5. Venkata Ramana P and Srinivas S.N, “Biomass Energy Systems”, Tata Energy Research

Institute, 1996.

6. Rezaiyan. J and N. P. Cheremisinoff, “Gasification Technologies, A Primer for Engineers

and Scientists”,

7. Taylor & Francis, 2005 Khandelwal. K. C. and Mahdi S. S., “Bio-Gas Technology”, Tata

McGraw-Hill Pub. Co, 1986.

8. Caye M. Drapcho, N.P.Nhuan and T.H.Walker, Biofuels Engineering Process Technology,

Mcgraw-Hill Publishers, NewYork

9. Jonathan R.M, Biofuels- Methods and Protocols ( Methods in Molecular biology series ),

Humana Press, New York

10. Lisbeth Olsson (Ed), Biofuels ( Advances in Biochemical Engg/ Biotechnology Series ),

Springer-Verlag Publishers, Berlin





Question 1: 20 marksQuestion 2: 20 marks

Question 3: 20marksQuestion 4: 20marks



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BTB 10 303 (P) INDUSTRIAL TRAINING

Teaching scheme: 1 hour per week Credits: 1

The students have to undergo an industrial training of minimum two weeks in a biotech industry during the semester break after second semester and complete within 15 calendar days from the start of third semester. The students have to submit a report of the training undergone and present the contents of the report before the evaluation committee constituted by the department. An internal evaluation will be conducted for examining the quality and authenticity of contents of the report and award the marks at the end of the semester.


BTB 10 304 (P) MASTER RESEARCH PROJECT (PHASE I)


Objective

Project work empowers the student(s) to identify and frame scientific problem(s) of industrial / academic /environmental significance, design various experimental approaches to solve the problem, enhances the capacity to analyze and interpret the data to arrive at a conclusion on the subject matter of the study. The project work aims to develop the work practice in students to apply theoretical and practical tools/techniques to solve real life problems related to industry and current research

• The project work can be a design project/experimental project or any of the topics of industrial orientation related to biotechnology engineering stream. The project work is allotted individually on different topics. The students shall be encouraged to do their project work in the parent institute itself. If found essential, they may be permitted to continue their project outside the parent institute subject to the conditions in clause 10 of MTech regulations. Department will constitute an Evaluation committee to review the project work. The Evaluation committee consists of at least three faculty members of which internal guide and another expert in the specified area of the project shall be two essential members.

• The student is required to undertake the masters research project phase – I during the third semester and the same is continued in the 4th semester. (Phase – II). Phase – I consists of preliminary thesis work, two reviews of the work and the submission of preliminary report. First review would highlight the topic, objectives, methodology and expected results. Second review evaluates the progress of the work, preliminary report and scope of the work which is to be completed in the 4th semester.

Internal continuous assessment:

First Review:

Guide 50 marks

Evaluation Committee 50 marks

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Second review:

Guide 100 marks

Evaluation Committee 100 marks

Total 300 marks

FOURTH SEMESTER

BTB 10 401 (P) MASTER RESEARCH PROJECT (PHASE II)


Objective

Project work empowers the student(s) to identify and frame scientific problem(s) of industrial / academic /environmental significance, design various experimental approaches to solve the problem, enhances the capacity to analyze and interpret the data to arrive at a conclusion on the subject matter of the study. The project work aims to develop the work practice in students to apply theoretical and practical tools/techniques to solve real life problems related to industry and current research.

Master research project phase – II is a continuation of project phase – I started in the third semester. Before the end of the fourth semester, there will be two reviews, one at middle of the fourth semester and other towards the end. In the first review, progress of the project work done is to be assessed. In the second review, the complete assessment (quality, quantum and authenticity) of the Thesis is to be evaluated. Both the reviews should be conducted by guide and Evaluation committee. This would be a prequalifying exercise for the students for getting approval for the submission of the thesis. At least one technical paper is to be prepared for possible publications in journal of conferences. The technical paper is to be submitted along with the thesis. The final evaluation of the project will be external evaluation. Internal continuous assessment:

First review:

Guide 50 marks

Evaluation committee 50 marks

Second review:

Guide 100 marks

Evaluation committee 100 marks

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External Guide 150 marks

Viva voce 150 marks

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