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University of Groningen Essays on political instability Jong-A-Pin, R. IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2008 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Jong-A-Pin, R. (2008). Essays on political instability: Measurement, causes and consequences. Enschede: PrintPartners Ipskamp B.V., Enschede, The Netherlands. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date: 10-06-2020

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Page 1: University of Groningen Essays on political instability ...iv ˙ , #1$ 2# # bbbbbbbbbbb -* ˙ ˙ ’% $ bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb ˛* ˙ - # $ bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbk˛ ˙ ˛ ; bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb

University of Groningen

Essays on political instabilityJong-A-Pin, R.

IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite fromit. Please check the document version below.

Document VersionPublisher's PDF, also known as Version of record

Publication date:2008

Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database

Citation for published version (APA):Jong-A-Pin, R. (2008). Essays on political instability: Measurement, causes and consequences. Enschede:PrintPartners Ipskamp B.V., Enschede, The Netherlands.

CopyrightOther than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of theauthor(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons).

Take-down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediatelyand investigate your claim.

Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons thenumber of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum.

Download date: 10-06-2020

Page 2: University of Groningen Essays on political instability ...iv ˙ , #1$ 2# # bbbbbbbbbbb -* ˙ ˙ ’% $ bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb ˛* ˙ - # $ bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbk˛ ˙ ˛ ; bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb

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14

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4 This chapter is based on J G,KH G,+H

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27

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Ranking country obs median minimum r min maximum r max

1 Mongolia 5 -0.60 -0.64 2 -0.48 11

2 Russia 3 -0.59 -0.63 3 -0.29 55

3 Korea, Dem. Rep. 6 -0.59 -0.60 7 -0.55 1

4 Vietnam 6 -0.57 -0.61 5 1.44 95

5 Albania 6 -0.56 -0.60 9 -0.26 57

6 Bulgaria 5 -0.56 -0.60 8 -0.36 46

7 Singapore 6 -0.55 -0.57 16 -0.51 5

8 Japan 5 -0.55 -0.59 12 -0.50 7

9 Taiwan 2 -0.55 -0.57 18 -0.52 3

10 Ivory Coast 6 -0.54 -0.56 21 0.09 77

… … … … … … … …

110 Angola 5 1.51 0.92 114 1.82 98

111 Guatemala 5 1.70 -0.45 87 3.44 114

112 Cambodia 3 1.87 1.52 117 1.96 100

113 Myanmar 3 1.94 0.54 113 2.38 106

114 Peru 5 2.03 1.09 115 3.16 112

115 Lebanon 3 2.09 1.75 118 2.49 108

116 Colombia 6 2.11 0.36 110 6.19 119

117 Sri Lanka 6 2.14 -0.08 104 2.63 109

118 Philippines 5 2.32 1.14 116 3.57 115

119 Afghanistan 4 2.41 1.78 119 3.13 111

Spearman rank correlation with median ranking: 0.83 0.79 "# # #2#&1##1#'1#2&1###$(&1###$#' 11# 01 # %# #$( ' # ' 1#( ''' # ''' 1# ( ' # & # 1 #'''1#6''X#'''1#('#&# 1 # '''1# ! )%' & # # 1 #' & # ''' &( # ' & # ''' &(%#0$

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28

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Ranking country obs median minimum r min maximum r max

1 Uganda 5 -0.56 -0.74 1 -0.42 10

2 Cuba 6 -0.55 -0.56 19 -0.35 15

3 Mozambique 5 -0.54 -0.68 2 -0.30 19

4 Laos 5 -0.54 -0.60 6 -0.40 11

5 Singapore 6 -0.54 -0.58 10 -0.48 6

6 Angola 5 -0.52 -0.62 4 -0.48 5

7 Namibia 2 -0.52 -0.56 18 -0.48 4

8 Gambia 4 -0.51 -0.53 40 -0.50 1

9 Yemen, Rep. 2 -0.50 -0.51 48 -0.49 2

10 Lesotho 4 -0.50 -0.54 33 0.01 47

… … … … … … … …

110 China 6 0.81 0.26 113 1.12 96

111 Serbia 6 0.83 -0.37 82 2.88 111

112 Poland 4 0.88 -0.28 94 3.88 114

113 Argentina 4 1.15 0.32 116 1.95 108

114 Pakistan 2 1.47 1.25 119 1.69 105

115 Israel 6 1.66 0.46 117 3.38 113

116 Korea, Rep. 6 1.94 -0.18 100 6.63 117

117 Russia 3 2.59 -0.12 105 6.54 116

118 South Africa 6 2.65 -0.35 83 6.96 118

119 India 6 3.26 0.00 110 8.38 119

Spearman rank correlation with median ranking: 0.80 0.77 "# # #2#&1##1#'1#2&1###$(&1###$#' 11# 01 # %# #$( ' # ' 1#( ''' # ''' 1# ( ' # & # 1 #'''1#6''#'''1#('#&# 1 # '''1# ! )%' & # # 1 #' & # ''' &( # ' & # ''' &(%#0$

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1 Cambodia 3 -1.34 -1.73 2 -1.25 1

2 Iraq 5 -1.13 -1.25 13 -0.45 19

3 Somalia 3 -1.13 -1.50 6 -0.73 6

4 China 6 -1.11 -1.43 7 -0.55 10

5 Myanmar 3 -1.05 -1.19 18 -0.86 4

6 Russia 3 -1.05 -2.01 1 -0.95 2

7 Mongolia 5 -1.02 -1.33 8 -0.27 31

8 Korea, Dem. Rep. 6 -0.99 -1.20 16 -0.91 3

9 Cuba 6 -0.98 -1.21 15 -0.85 5

10 Romania 5 -0.98 -1.06 29 0.98 80

… … … … … … … …

110 Sweden 6 1.35 0.94 109 1.66 104

111 Denmark 6 1.38 1.22 116 1.76 110

112 Netherlands 6 1.44 0.90 107 1.69 106

113 Belgium 6 1.52 0.89 106 1.94 113

114 Norway 6 1.54 1.20 115 1.71 107

115 Bolivia 4 1.55 1.17 114 1.76 109

116 Ecuador 5 1.64 1.53 118 2.10 115

117 Israel 6 1.68 1.32 117 2.02 114

118 Italy 5 1.93 0.97 110 2.42 118

119 Pakistan 2 1.97 1.72 119 2.22 117

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1 Indonesia 5 -0.86 -0.92 10 -0.15 17

2 Namibia 2 -0.86 -0.90 11 -0.81 1

3 Cuba 6 -0.82 -0.83 25 -0.43 5

4 Jamaica 5 -0.79 -0.82 35 0.04 30

5 Germany 5 -0.77 -1.15 1 -0.41 7

6 Singapore 6 -0.74 -0.84 22 -0.06 24

7 Botswana 6 -0.73 -0.89 13 -0.42 6

8 Cyprus 1 -0.68 -0.68 59 -0.68 2

9 Zimbabwe 5 -0.67 -0.86 17 2.23 111

10 Ivory Coast 6 -0.66 -0.83 32 1.77 99

… … … … … … … …

110 Ecuador 5 0.72 -0.49 84 1.11 78

111 Central African Republic 3 0.81 -0.17 106 0.81 68

112 Cambodia 3 0.91 0.14 112 1.44 90

113 Italy 5 1.02 0.13 111 2.36 113

114 Lebanon 3 1.24 0.76 116 1.79 100

115 Pakistan 2 1.37 0.55 115 2.18 110

116 Afghanistan 4 1.85 0.53 114 2.60 117

117 Niger 2 1.85 1.60 118 2.11 107

118 Bangladesh 1 1.95 1.95 119 1.95 106

119 Burundi 2 2.27 1.32 117 3.21 118

Spearman rank correlation with median ranking: 0.75 0.53 "# # #2#&1##1#'1#2&1###$(&1###$#' 11# 01 # %# #$( ' # ' 1#( ''' # ''' 1# ( ' # & # 1 #'''1#6''#'''1#('#&# 1 # '''1# ! )%' & # # 1 #' & # ''' &( # ' & # ''' &(%#0$

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