UNIVERSITY OF GUAYAQUIL

FACULTY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES

SCHOOL OF MIDWIFERY

INVESTIGATION PROJECT

THEME:

GESTATIONAL DIABETESMEMBERS:

CHIQUI MUÑOZ MAYRA JANETH

OCHOA RUIZ GISELLA ESTEFANIA

SAGREDO RUBIO EVELYN RENATA

2016 – 2017

GESTATIONAL DIABETES

Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that develops only during pregnancy. Diabetes means your blood glucose, also called blood sugar, is too high. The body uses glucose for energy. Have a lot of blood glucose is not good for you or your baby.

Usually, gestational diabetes diagnosed during late pregnancy. If you are diagnosed with diabetes at an earlier stage of your pregnancy, you may have had diabetes before becoming pregnant.

Treating gestational diabetes can help both you and your baby stay healthy. You can protect your baby and protect yourself by taking immediate steps to control their blood glucose levels.

CAUSES

Pregnancy hormones can block work making insulin. When this happens, glucose levels may be increased in the blood of a pregnant woman.

You are at greater risk for gestational diabetes if: It has more than 25 years to get pregnant. It comes from an ethnic group with a higher risk, such as Hispanic,

African American, Native American, Southeast Asian or Pacific Islander.

She has a family history of diabetes. She gave birth to a baby weighing more than 9 lbs (4 kg) or had a

congenital anomaly. It has high blood pressure. The baby has too much amniotic fluid. She had a spontaneous abortion or stillbirth inexplicably. She was overweight before pregnancy.

It excessively increased weight during pregnancy It presents polycystic ovary syndrome.

SYMPTOM

In most cases no symptoms.

In cases where symptoms are present, they may include:

Blurry vision Fatigue Frequent infections, including bladder, vagina and skin Increased thirst Increased urination Nausea and vomiting Weight loss despite increased appetite.

MATERNAL COMPLICATIONS OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES

One of the following maternal complications that can occur in gestational diabetes are:

Excess amniotic fluid can cause the bag to break prematurely

hypertension and preeclampsia premature birth Perineal lacerations in childbirth by large fetuses Increases the risk of developing type II diabetes mellitus in

the mother

There is greater chance of weight gain of the mother during pregnancy and to have a caesarean section.

Sometimes there is bleeding: failure of the uterus to contract after delivery vaginal tears or more rarely because the uterus has been broken.FETAL COMPLICATIONS OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES

In addition to increasing the possibility that delivery should be by caesarean section and that the mother suffers injury in the birth canal due to the larger size of the baby, poorly controlled diabetes during pregnancy has negative effects on the neonate:

Macrosomía which can cause perinatal asphyxia and trauma at birth as brachial palsy or clavicle fractures

The hypoglycemia low blood sugar levels after delivery. Hypocalcemia: Low calcium levels Erythrocytosis with increased blood viscosity and hematrocito Injuries during childbirth. They occur due to the large size of the

baby when labor is vaginally. Increased risk of diabetes in the future. Increased risk of death of newborns.

DIAGNOSIS

Gestational diabetes starts in most cases half of pregnancy. All pregnant women should receive an oral test

glucose tolerance between weeks 24 and 28 of pregnancy to detect the condition, especially if they are obese.

Once you are diagnosed with gestational diabetes, you can see how it is evolving measuring your blood glucose at home. The most common way is to poke a finger and place a drop of blood on a device that will give a reading of your blood glucose.

The goal of treatment is to keep levels of blood sugar (glucose) within normal limits during pregnancy and ensure that the fetus is healthy.

Learning to control the level of blood glucose by the following:

Healthy Eating Physical Activity insulin injections , if necessary

FOOD AND NUTRITION DIET

The best way to improve your diet is to eat a variety of foods saludables. In generally use a healthy eating plan will help you know what foods to eat, how much to eat and when to eat for gestational diabetes, your diet should:

Be moderate in fats and protein. Provide you carbohydrates through foods including fruits,

vegetables and complex carbohydrates (such as bread, cereal, pasta and rice).

Include small amounts of foods that contain a lot of sugar, such as soft drinks, fruit juices and pastries.

PHYSICAL ACTIVITYAs physically active 30 minutes for 3 days a week, for example: aerobic activity, walking, swimming, dancing, yoga prenatal and obstetric Psicoprofilaxis

INSULIN INJECTIONS

If the management of diet does not control blood sugar (glucose) in the blood, you may be prescribed oral diabetes medication or insulin injections. Insulin does not cause harm to your baby.

BIBLIOGRAPHY: https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/000896.htmhttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus_gestacional