University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot

(Karnataka Watershed Development Project

Land Resource for

Markunda

University of Horticultural Sciences, BagalkotNational Bureau of Soil Survey & Land Use Planning, Bangalore

Watershed Development Department, Govt. of Karnataka, Bangalore

University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot

Sujala – III Project (Karnataka Watershed Development Project-

Land Resource Inventory and Watershed Management Plan for Boral-1 Micro watershed (4E6E3L2d)

Markunda sub watershed, Tq. Bidar, Dist. Bidar, Karnataka

University of Horticultural Sciences, BagalkotNational Bureau of Soil Survey & Land Use Planning, Bangalore

Watershed Development Department, Govt. of Karnataka, Bangalore

University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot

II)

and Watershed Management Plan

, Dist. Bidar, Karnataka

University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot National Bureau of Soil Survey & Land Use Planning, Bangalore

Watershed Development Department, Govt. of Karnataka, Bangalore

University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot an Overview:

University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot came into existence through the special ordinance issued by Government of

Karnataka vide No.2 of 20018 on 22-11-2008. The institution has already dedicated for development of horticulture sector in the state and

has developed several varieties, technologies and models and offering services to farming community and other agencies of the state

government with a goal for enhancing and achieving sustainable productivity.

The Vision

University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot has envisaged a vision to attain, excellence in academics by imparting

quality education to develop professional human resources with entrepreneurial skills addressing the thrust areas of research to develop

advanced technologies and to promote farmer centric technologies for further transfer to achieve holistic growth of Horticulture Sector

achieving sustainability, stability and productivity of resources, and development of farming and allied sectors. The University of

Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot is catering the needs of farming community stretching from Bidar to Mysore in the state. Apart from its

mandate of Teaching Research and extension the university is committed in expanding its services in natural resource conservation of state

through strategic planning and providing critical technical inputs for sustainable development. University has a separate department on

natural resource management through which it is offering technical support to planning and implementing agencies of the state including

agriculture and Horticulture Department. University is sharing its expertise and infrastructure in development of soil health cards across the

state under national soil health mission. One of its flagship project in natural resource management is SUJALA-III project being

implemented in Bidar District of the state. The programme is envisaged with development and documentation of land resource inventory

of district and providing critical science based site specific inputs for integrated watershed planning and development.

CONTENTS:

Chapter Page Chapter Page

Contributors

How to read and use the atlas Soil Fertility Status:

Scientific, Physical and Cultural symbols used Soil Reaction (pH)

1.Introduction Salinity (EC)

2.General Description of Boral-1 micro watershed Organic Carbon

2.1.Location and Extent Available Nitrogen

2.2. Geology Available Phosphorous

2.3. Landform Available Potassium

2.4. Climate Exchangeable Calcium

3. Survey Methodology Exchangeable Magnesium

4.Resorce inventory of Boral-1 micro watershed Available Sulphur

The Soils : Land Capability Classification

Satellite Image Land Suitability for Major Horticulture and agricultural crops

Cadastral map Proposed Crop Plan

Soil Map Suitability maps for different crops

Soil Depth Soil & Water Conservation Plan

Surface Soil Texture

Soil Gravelliness

Slope

CONTRIBUTORS

ACTIVITIES

PLANNING, REVIEW, CORRELATION AND REPORT FINALIZATION

Mr. Praveenkumar B.Naikodi, Lead Scientist, SUJALA-III Project, UHS Bagalkot.

Dr. Praveenkumar Jholgikar, Scientist, SUJALA-III Project, UHS Bagalkot.

Dr. Ganeshgouda. I.Patil, Scientist, SUJALA-III Project, UHS Bagalkot.

Dr. Ashok S. Alur, Co-ordinator,SUJALA-III Project, UHS Bagalkot.

Dr. V. Nachegowda, Director Of Research, UHS Bagalkot.

Dr. Ravindra Mulge, Dean, College of Horticulture Bidar.

SOCIO ECONOMIC SURVEY

Dr. Ganeshgouda.I. Patil , Scientist, SUJALA-III Project, UHS Bagalkot.

Mr. Gautam. M., Senior Research Fellow, SUJALA-III Project, UHS Bagalkot.

Mr. Kirankumar. S, Senior Research Fellow, SUJALA-III Project, UHS Bagalkot.

Mr. Umesh Dashyal, Graduate Assistant, SUJALA-III Project, UHS Bagalkot.

Mr. Mahesh Dandekar, Project Assistant, SUJALA-III Project, UHS Bagalkot.

Mr. Gururaj, Desktop Operator, SUJALA-III Project, UHS Bagalkot.

FIELD SURVEY AND MAPPING

Mr. Praveenkumar B.Naikodi. Lead Scientist, SUJALA-III Project, UHS Bagalkot.

Dr. Dhanurkar S. Technical Officer, NBSS & LUP Bangalore.

Dr. Niranjana, Technical Officer, NBSS & LUP Bangalore.

Mr. Gautam M., Senior Research Fellow, SUJALA-III Project, UHS Bagalkot.

Mr. Kirankumar S. Senior Research Fellow, SUJALA-III Project, UHS Bagalkot.

Mr. Ruben Ashirvadam, Senior Research Fellow, SUJALA-III Project, UHS Bagalkot.

Mr. Majappa.P, Field Assistant, SUJALA-III Project, UHS Bagalkot.

Mr. Veeresh P.H., Project Assistant, SUJALA-III Project, UHS Bagalkot.

Mr. Sunil Kishan, Project Assistant, SUJALA-III Project, UHS Bagalkot.

Mr. Nabeesab Sutar, Project Assistant, SUJALA-III Project, UHS Bagalkot.

Mr. Basavareddy S. Konda, Project Assistant, SUJALA-III Project, UHS Bagalkot.

Mr. Shivanand Elshetty, Project Assistant, SUJALA-III Project, UHS Bagalkot.

LABORATORY ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION

Mr. Praveenkumar B. Naikodi, Lead Scientist, SUJALA-III Project, UHS Bagalkot

Mr. Ruben Ashirvadam, Senior Research Fellow, SUJALA-III Project, UHS Bagalkot

Mr. Gautam. M., Senior Research Fellow, SUJALA-III Project, UHS Bagalkot

Ms. Shilparani P.K. Project Assistant, SUJALA-III Project, UHS Bagalkot

Dr. Nair, NBSS & LUP, Principal Scientist, NBSS & LUP Bangalore

GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Mr. Praveenkumar B.Naikodi , Lead Scientist, SUJALA-III Project, UHS Bagalkot

Dr. Praveen Jholgikar, Scientist, SUJALA-III Project, UHS Bagalkot

Ms. Shakuntala V. M, Graduate Assistant , SUJALA-III Project, UHS Bagalkot

Ms.Sunita Pattanashetti, Graduate Assistant , SUJALA-III Project, UHS Bagalkot

Dr. Srinivas, Principal Scientist, NBSS & LUP

Mr. Gautam. M. Senior Research Fellow, SUJALA-III Project, UHS Bagalkot

LAND SUITABILITY ASSESSMENT AND CROP PLANNING

Dr. Praveen Jholgikar , Scientist, SUJALA-III Project, UHS Bagalkot

Mr. Praveenkumar B. Naikodi , Lead Scientist, SUJALA-III Project, UHS Bagalkot

Dr. Ganeshgouda.I. Patil,, Scientist, SUJALA-III Project, UHS Bagalkot

How to read and use the Atlas

The Land Resource Inventory of Boral-1 micro-watershed (Bidar taluk, Bidar district) for Watershed Planning (AESR 6.2) was

undertaken to provide comprehensive site- specific cadastral level information useful for farm level planning and integrated development

of the area under Sujala – III, Karnataka Watershed Development Project- II.

This atlas contains the basic information on kinds of soils, their geographic distribution, characteristics and classification. The soil

map and soil based thematic maps derived from soil data on soil depth, soil gravelliness, slope, land suitability for various crops and land

use maps are presented on 1:12,500 scale. The maps of fertility status (soil reaction, organic carbon, available phosphorus, available

potassium, available sulphur, available calcium, available copper, available manganese, available zinc, available iron, available boron and

salinity (EC) on 1:12,500 scale were derived from grid point sampling of the surface soils from the watershed.

The atlas illustrates 46 maps and tables that depict the soil resources of the watershed and the need for their sustainable

management.

The user, depending on his/her requirement, can refer this atlas first by identifying his/her field and survey number on the village

soil map and by referring the soil legend which is provided in tabular form after the soil map for details pertaining to his/her area of

interest.

The atlas explains in simple terms the different kinds of soils present in the watershed, their potentials and problems through a

series of thematic maps that help to develop site-specific plans as well as the need to conserve and manage this increasingly threatened

natural resource through sustainable land use management. The Land Resource Atlas contains database collected at land parcel/ survey

number level on soils, climate, water, vegetation, crops and cropping patterns, socio-economic conditions, marketing facilities etc. that

helps in identifying soil and water conservation measures required, suitability for crops and other uses and finally for preparing a viable

and sustainable land use options for each and every land parcel.

For easy map reading and understanding the information provided in different maps includes the physical, cultural and scientific

symbols used in the maps are illustrated in the form of colours, graphics and tables.

INTRODUCTION

With an objective to study, conserve and enhance productivity of various resource of Bidar district, detailed resource inventory

of Boral-1 micro watershed has been accomplished by University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot in association with National Bureau

of Soil and Land Use Planning, Bangalore under SUJALA-III project financially assisted by World Bank through WDD Bangalore. The

task undertaken was aimed to provide comprehensive site specific cadastral level information for facilitating farm level planning and

implementation, Status of several resources have been studied and compiled to bring out science based site specific suitable interventions

and their effective implementation through various government departments and institutions. It is known that major part of the cultivable

land area is under rainfed cultivation in the Karnataka state. This vast stretch of rainfed area (about 10 m.ha) is affected by severe soil loss

due to erosion, low and uncertain productivity, fodder shortage, low rainwater use efficiency, rapid depletion of ground water, low level of

technological penetration and very few livelihood opportunities. The extent and severity of various forms of degradation has affected not

only the productivity but also the sustainability of the land resources in the state.

Among the various forms of land degradation, soil erosion is very widespread in all the rainfed areas. Various conservation

measures taken over a period of time is insufficient in many areas to protect the natural resource due to mismatch between the conservation

interventions implemented and actual requirements. Apart from the widespread degradation witnessed, in many areas, soil erosion, salinity

and alkalinity have become so severe that immediate sustainable and economically viable corrective measures to restore the health of the

resource was found most essential. For taking up effective conservation measures on a scientific foundation, there is an urgent need to

undertake the systematic land resources inventorization of all the existing resources like soils, climate, minerals and rocks, ground water,

vegetation, crops, land use pattern, socio-economic conditions, infrastructure, marketing facilities etc. Once site-specific farm level

database is generated and made available to all developmental departments, it will help in planning, implementing and monitoring of

various land based rural developmental projects in an effective way. Further, this will help in evolving rational, site-specific and viable

land use options for productivity enhancement and suitable resource management.

In the present study various spatial and non spatial data sets were generated through LRI on a cadastral base and other information

was compiled from different secondary sources for each micro watershed and assessed for the constraints and potentials of the area,

capability of the resources for planning and development (Land Capability Classification), suitability for irrigation (Irrigability

Classification), suitability of the resources for various horticulture crops like fruits, vegetables, flowers and agriculture crops like cereals,

pulses, commercial crops like cotton, sugarcane, etc.(Land Suitability Classification), have been described based on the land capabilities

parcel wise..

The LRI database and thematic outputs generated for each micro watershed is linked to individual survey numbers occurring in the

watershed area along with farmer details obtained from Bhoomi website has been pooled for effective implementation and watershed

management plan for the micro watersheds spread across in the Boral-1 micro watershed area of Bidar taluk, Bidar district.

Thus, availability of bench mark reference in the form of a resource atlas which includes all the resource database generated

becomes vital tool which can help for comprehensive site specific cadastral level decision supporting reference for effective planning and

implementation of programs.

The data generated through resource inventory of Boral-1 micro watershed (4E6E3L2d) has been compiled in this atlas to provide a

ready reconer for the user as reference in planning and implementation of various programmes related to effective and sustainable resource

management of Boral-1 micro watershed in particular and district in general. The resources inventory includes indept analysis of various

components like soil, land,water, livestock, crops, natural vegetation socio-economic status of in habitants and human resource.

Climate

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Monthly MIN_RH and MAX_RH of Bidar Taluka

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Geology

Geology

Geology of the area-Laterites over Basalt parent rock

The Boral-1 micro watershed coming under Markunda sub watershed taluka Bidar, Bidar district is a part of Deccan plateau of

India and is derived from solidified lava and shows laterite developed over basalt. The northern part of the district is characterized by

expanse of level surface punctuated here and there by flat and undulating hillocks, black soils and basaltic rocks. The southern half of the

district is a high plateau of about 715 m above MSL. The average elevation of the district is between 580 to 610 m above MSL. Alluvial

deposits are normally found along the main stream banks and their tributaries. The major minerals found in the area are Bauxite, Kaoline

and Red Ocre. The district is dominated by two types of soil viz., lateritic red soils and black soils.

SURVEY METHODOLOGY Sequence of activities in generation of LRI

• Traversing the watershed using cadastral maps and imagery as base

• Identifying landforms, geology, land use and other features

• Selecting transects representing land units

• Opening profiles at suitable depth. (Up to lithic contact in shallow soils and 2cm depth in deep soils)

• Studying soil and site characteristics

• Grouping similar areas based on their soil-site characteristics into land management units

• Preparation of crop, soil and water conservation plan

• Socio-economic evaluation

The required site and soil characteristics are described and recorded on a standard proforma by following the protocols and

guidelines given in the soil survey manual and field guide. Collection of soil samples from representative pedons for laboratory

characterization and collection of surface soil samples from selected fields covering most of the management units for macro and micro-

nutrient analysis is being carried out (250m grid intervals). Further processing of data at chemical lab and GIS lab are carried out to

generate various thematic maps for each of the study area.

Description of mapping units and the extent of area identified in Boral-1 micro watershed

Soil Phases Area in ha (%)

1, BDPiB3g2 8 (1.42)

2, KBBmB2 12 (2.24)

3, KGNmB2 298 (56.16)

4, MDGiD3g2 29 (5.53)

5, MKDmB2 40 (7.53)

6, MWDiB2g1 45 (8.47)

7, MWDiB3g1 26 (4.9)

8, RPLmB2 46 (8.7)

9, Others* 27 (5.07)

m – Clayi – sandy clay

B – Very gently sloping (1-3%)D – Moderately sloping (5-10%)

1 – Slight2 – Moderate

g1 – Gravelly (15-35 %)g2 – Very Gravelly (35-60%)

BDP – Very Shallow (0-25cm)MDG.MPR–Shallow (25-50cm)MKD–Moderately shallow(50-75cm)KBB–Deep (100-150cm)KGN,RPL-Very deep (>150 cm)

Key

TEXTURE

EROSION

DEPTH

SLOPE

GRAVELLINESS

MDG i D 3 g 2

Texture

Slope ErosionSoil Series

Gravelliness

PROPOSED CROP PLAN FOR BORAL – 1 MICROWATERSHED (4E6E3L2d), MARKUNDA SUB-WATERSHED (4E6E3L), TALUK BIDAR, DISTRICT BIDAR

Mapping unit/Crop Management unit

Survey Numbers

Characters Field crops Horticulture crops (Rainfed condition)

Horticulture crops with Interventions

Suggested Interventions

BDPiB3g2

Depth: Very shallow (0-25cm) Texture: Sandy clay Slope: 1-3 % Errossion:Severe

Bajra, Navni, Phundi, Agasi Custard apple, Cashew seedling, Charolli, Ber, Marking nut

Cashew, Custard apple, Tamarind

Deep and wider pits (1m 3), Drip irrigation, Mulching, Bunding, TCB

MDGiD3g2

Depth: Shallow (25-50 cm) Texture: Sandy clay Slope: 5-10 % Errossion: Severe

SoleCrop: Redgram, Sorghum, Soyabean, Green gram, Blackgram, Castor Intercrop: Redgram+Soyabean Redgram+Greengram Redgram+Blackgram Redgram+Sesamum Redgram+Fodder sorghum

Fruit crops: Cashew seedling, Custard apple, Charolli, Ber, Bael, Tamarind, Woodapple

Fruit crops: Cashew, Custard apple, Jamun, Ber, Fig, Jackfruit Vegetables: Cluster beans, Flowers: Gaillardia, Lilly

Deep and wider pits (1m 3), Drip irrigation,

Mulching, Contour trenching,

Gully plugging, Check dams.

MKDmB2

Depth: Moderately shallow (50-75 cm) Texture: Clay Slope: 1-3 % Errossion: Moderate

SoleCrop: Khariff Redgram, Sorghum, Soyabean, Green gram, Blackgram, Rabbi Sorghum, Safflower, Wheat Bengal gram. Intercrop: Redgram+Soyabean Redgram+Greengram Redgram+Blackgram Redgram+Sesamum Redgram+Fodder sorghum

Fruit crops: Cashew , Custard apple, Mango, Ber, Tamarind, Sapota Vegetables: Clusterbean, Bhendi, Onion, Drumstick, Leafy vegetable

Fruit crops: Mango, Cashew, Guava, Lime, Fig, Sapota Jamun, Ber, Jackfruit Vegetables: Solanaceous, Cruciferous, Cucurbitaceous, Onion, Laefy vegetables, Drumstick, Curryleaf Flowers: Gaillardia, Merigold,Lilly, Aster, Rose, Tuberose

Deep and wider pits (1m 3), Drip irrigation, Mulching, Bunding, TCB. Raised bed cultivation with mulching for Vegetables

KBBmB2 KGNmB2 RPLmB2 MWDiB2g1 MWDiB3g1

Depth: Deep and very deep (100-150 and >150 cm) Texture:Sandy clay and clay Slope: 1-3% Errossion:Moderate

SoleCrop: Khariff Redgram, Sorghum, Soyabean, Green gram, Blackgram, Rabbi Sorghum, Safflower, Wheat Bengal gram. Intercrop:

Fruit crops: Sapota, Guava, Lime, Fig Vegetables: Cluster bean, Bhendi, Onion, Drumstick, Leafy vegetable

Fruit crops: Guava, Lime, Fig, Sapota Jamun, Banana, Papaya Vegetables: Solanaceous, Cruciferous, Cucurbitaceous, Onion, Laefy vegetables, Drumstick, Curryleaf

Normal pits (0.75 m3) Drip Irrigation, Mulching, Bunding, TCB. Raised bed cultivation with mulching for

Redgram+Soyabean Redgram+Greengram Redgram+Blackgram Redgram+Sesamum Redgram+Fodder sorghum

Flowers: Gaillardia, Merigold,Lilly, Aster, Rose, Tuberose Spices: Zinger, Turmeric

Vegetables

Note: Cashew should be preferred for red soils/Soils derived from laterite.