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Indicators and Drivers of Occupancy Costs

• defining the problem

• approach

• objectives/ results

ERES Conference 2009 1

Dipl.-Ing. Elisabeth BeuskerProf. Dr. Christian StoyInstitute for Construction EconomicsUniversity of Stuttgart

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occupancy costs comprise the biggest part of LCC

occupancy costs p.a. in percentage of the construction costs , related to different object-types (according to Grondring)

defining the problem

ERES Conference 2009 2

schools an kindergartens

30%

3 - 4 years

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operation and maintenance costs €/ m² gross external area * year (incl. VAT, 2007)

defining the problem

ERES Conference 2009 3

school 1

school 2

school 3

school 4

school 5

school 6

gymnasium 1

gymnasium 2

gymnasium 3

gymnasium 4

gymnasium 5

gymnasium 6

utilities operation, inspection and repair cleaning/care of the building maintenance of constructions cleaning/care of external structures maintenance of technical installations

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► what comprises and drives occupancy costs of

municipal buildings?

phase I

phase II

phase III

objectives

► databased management of municipal buildings

approach

ERES Conference 2009 4

definition of relevant cost drivers

definition of the cost structure

collecting the data (schools, gymnasiums)

analyzing and describing the data

definition of relevant cost drivers and indicators

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factor groups indicators (examples)utilization type, standard and intensity of usebuilidng characteristicsfunctional charactristics geometry, orientation of the building technical characteristics year, type and present condition of

constructions, percentage of glass surfaces, kind of energy source,

standard of technical installationsstrategie maintenance strategie,

energy management, reportingcontracting, outsourcing-rate

location regiontopography of the plot

environment standards, market dynamics, climate

definition of relevant cost drivers

ERES Conference 2009 5

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capital costs capital resources,depreciation

management costslabour costs,material costs,external services

operating costs costs of utilities,costs of wast disposal,costs of cleaning an care,costs of operation, inspection and

repair,costs of monitoring and security, charges and contributions

maintenance costs maintenance costs of constructions,maintenance costs of technical

installat.,maintenance costs of external

structures,maintenance costs of interiors

► object-related occupancy costs

definition of the cost structure - DIN 18960 (2008)

ERES Conference 2009 6

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investigation of occupancy costs (cross tabulation)• time-series analysis

quantity survey• plot areas• areas and volumes of buildings, DIN 277 (2005)• element surfaces

investigation of object data (data entry form)• general data of the object • interviews (occupants, facilities manager, owner)• present condition of constructions and technical installations• plan-specific data

collecting the data (schools, gymnasiums)

ERES Conference 2009 7

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• description and quantification of relevant cost drivers for occupancy costs (design rules, basic conditions)

• definition of relevant indicators for occupancy costs

results for the projectpartner

• occupancy costs benchmarks of municipal buildings• mitigation occupancy costs (provision of real estate, allocation

of occupancy expenditures to external users)• forecasting occupancy costs• utilization of LCC as a decision criterion (evaluation of

alternatives in early project phases)

►optimization of planning, building and using cost-optimized

and financially sustainable real estate

objectives of the investigation

ERES Conference 2009 8