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Other Early Computers

• Konrad Zuse- Another early pioneer- Z1 (mechanical, 1936)- Z3 (electromechanical, 1941)- Z4 (electronic, 1950)

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Other Early Computers

• Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC)- 1937- All-electronic- Not general-purpose

Designed to solve linear equations

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of Utah

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More ENIAC thoughts

• Acronym:- Electronic- Numerical- Integrator- And- Computer

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Beyond ENIAC

“Very few things happen at the right time, and the rest do not happen at all: The conscientious historian will correct these defects.”

--Mark Twain

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EDVAC

• Eckert and Mauchly knew the ENIAC was bad!

• 1944 – proposed next computer, EDVAC.- Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic

Computer

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of Utah

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EDVAC

• Improvements over ENIAC- Binary, not decimal- Programmable!- High-speed memory

Serial, not random access

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of Utah

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von Neumann

• John von Neumann- consultant for ENIAC project- First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC (1945)

an internal document (NOT!)

- memory stores instructions AND data

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of Utah

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Ego Battles

• von Neumann and Goldstine vs Eckert and Mauchly

• U.Penn administrators vs Eckert and Mauchly

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of Utah

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EDVAC

• Built by U.Penn without Eckert & Mauchly• Not finished until 1951

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Commercialization

• Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation- financial troubles

• BINAC- first commercial computer (unfortunately)

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UNIVAC

• Eckert/Mauchly bought out by Remington-Rand

• Completed the first UNIVAC in 1951 for the U.S. Census Bureau

• Sold about 20 UNIVACs between 1951 and 1954.

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UNIVAC

• 1952: Eisenhower vs Stevenson

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of Utah

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UNIVAC

• UNIVAC predicted:- 438 Eisenhower vs 93 Stevenson

• CBS fudges results

• Actual results:- 442 Eisenhower vs 89 Stevenson

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of Utah

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UNIVAC

• Total of 46 UNIVACs produced• Last one decommissioned in 1969

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of Utah

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UNIVAC

• 4 bits per decimal digit- word length: 45 bits

11 decimal digits + sign

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of Utah

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UNIVAC

• Clock speed: 2.25 Mhz• 465 multiplications/sec

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of Utah

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UNIVAC

• Memory: 1000 words• Long-term storage on magnetic tape

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of Utah

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UNIVAC

• Peripherals- see brochure

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of Utah

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UNIVAC

• (video)

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of Utah

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Reminder

• Enigma assignment due Friday @ 7:30pm

• If you need help, get it early!

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On Friday...

• We'll see how IBM and others responded to UNIVAC.

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“Test Question”

• On a scrap of paper, write a question that encapsulates one of the points from today's class, and turn it in.

• (Put your name on it!)