unix camp compiling c

7/28/2019 Unix Camp Compiling c

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C/C++

Compiling@ UM/MCSR

Last modified: September 3, 2008


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Outline

Surfing www.mcsr.olemiss.edu website

Logging into the system viassh

Brief History of C/C++ languages

Basic Structure and Syntax ofC/C++ Programs A quick glance on PICO editor

A detailed look on compilers and compilingcommands

How to run a compiledfile Application of C/C++ Compiling
http://www.mcsr.olemiss.edu/http://www.mcsr.olemiss.edu/


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Logging into the systemusing ssh

Logging into the system from Windows: Start the secure shell client:

Start->Programs->SSH Secure Shell->Secure Shell Client Connect to willow:

From the secure shell window, click Quick Connect.Then, from the Connect to Remote Host pop-up window, enter:Hostname : HostName

User Name : UserNameClick Connect.

Logging into the system from Unix: Start the Terminal:

Finder Utilities Terminal Type the following command:

ssh UserName@HostNameEnter your password

If you are a windows user and you want to download ssh:Go to MCSR Web at www.mcsr.olemiss.edu and click on theSoftware Tab, followed by the Secure Shell link.

If you are a Unix, Linux, or MAC user, ssh will come with theoperating system
http://www.mcsr.olemiss.edu/http://www.mcsr.olemiss.edu/


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A Brief History of Clanguage

In the early 1970s, Dennis Ritchie of BellLaboratories was engaged in a project to developnew operating system. C programming languagewas then developed.

In the early 1980's, also at Bell Laboratories,another C++ language was created. This newlanguage was developed by Bjarne Stroustrupand was called C++ which was designed withOOP (Object Oriented Programming) featuresadded to C without significantly changing the Ccomponent.


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A Simple C Program/* Take a number multiply it by 10 and display it */

#include

main(){

int number, result;printf("Type in a number \n");scanf("%d", &number);result = number *10;printf("The number multiplied by 10 equals %d\n", result);

}

Sample Program Output

Type in a number

23The number multiplied by 10 equals 230


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#include

main(){


}


Type in a number


Comments are set between /* and */


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#include

main(){


}


Type in a number


The C pre-processor replaces this directivewith the contents of the stdio.h header filefrom the standard C library.


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#include

main(){


}


Type in a number


Every C program must have one mainfunction.


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#include

main(){


}


Type in a number


Each variable must be explicitly defined asa specific type.


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#include

main(){


}


Type in a number


The stdio library defines theprintf() function for creating output.


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#include

main(){


}


Type in a number


The stdio library defines theprintf() function for creating output.

\n is the newline character


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#include

main(){


}


Type in a number


The stdio library defines thescanf() function for capturing input.


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#include

main(){


}


Type in a number


%d tells scanf() to interpret theinput as a decimal value


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#include

main(){


}


Type in a number


The = operator is used forassignment.

The * operator is used formultiplication.


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#include

main(){


}


Type in a number


%d tells printf() to treat the value ofthe result variable as a decimal nbr.


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Simple C++ Program/* Take a number multiply it by 10 and display it */

#include

int main(){

int number, result;std::cout


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#include

int main(){

int number, result;std::cout


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#include using namespace std;

int main()

{int number, result;cout


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The PICO Editor General Command

Write editor contents to a file [Ctrl] o

Save the file and exit pico [Ctrl] x

Spell Check [Ctrl] t

Justify the text [Ctrl] j

Moving around in your file Move one character to the right [Ctrl] f or right arrow key

Move one character to the left [Ctrl] b or left arrow key

Move up one line [Ctrl] p or up arrow key

Move down one line [Ctrl] n or down arrow key


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C/C++ source files suffixes

.cpp, .cc, .c suffixes are used for C++programs that are to be preprocessed,compiled and assembled

.c for C programs that are to beprocessed, compiled and assembled

.h or preprocessor (header) files


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How to run compiled files

The compiling commands create anexecutable file known as a.out unlessspecified otherwise.

To execute your program, type./a.out and press Enter.


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Compilation Details

object.h

object.cpp

main.cpp

object.s

main.s

object.o

main.o

Output

Source code Assembly Machine Code


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A detailed look into Compilersand Compiling commands

C/C++ Compilers at UM/MCSR:

Intel C++ Compiler on redwood

MIPS C, MIPSpro C, and MIPSpro C++

version 7.4 compilers on Origin 2800sweetgum

Portland Group, GNU, and MPICH

Compilers on Beowulf Cluster mimosaGNU C Compiler and SUN STUDIO 8

C/C++ Compilers on willow


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Loading the appropriate IntelCompiler Module

Several versions/builds of Intel compilers are available on redwood. Tocompile, you must first pick which compiler version module you want toload, then load it. Before you can use the module command, you mustsource the correct setup file for your shell. . /usr/share/modules/init/sh (if using ssh) (There should be a space between .

and /opt)

Then you use the module command:

module list (to see if any other versions of compiler modules are loaded) module purge (to unload any other versions of compiler modules) module list (to verify that other versions were successfully unloaded) module avail (to see what versions of compiler modules are available to load)

For example, to load the latest 10.1 version of the C Compilers: module load c101 module list

These are the names of the modules and the compiler versions theycorrespond to: intel-compilers.7.1.037 for c 7.1 intel-compilers.8.0.042 for c 8.0 intel-compilers.8.0.046 for c 8.0 intel-compilers.9.0.027 for c 9.0 intel-compilers.9.1.046 for c 9.1 intel-compilers.cc.10.1.017 for c 10.1


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Intel C++ Compiler on redwood

Intel C/C++ Compilers(7.1, 8.0, 9.0, 9.1& 10.0) Before using the C/C++ Compiler on redwood,

you must first load the appropriate Intel

compiler module. Then, to compile: icc example.c if using the 8.0 or later

compiler ecc example.c if using the 7.1 compiler.

With Intel compilers, the invocation syntaxis the same regardless of whether yoursource file is C or C++.

E i 1 I t l C il


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Exercise 1: Intel Compiler onRedwood

1. If you have an account on redwood, login to it.2. Copy the two example source files from /usr/local/examples/c to your

working directory:A. cd 1 (if using a common class account, cd to your numbered subdirectory)B. cp /usr/local/examples/c/hello.c ./hello.cC. cp /usr/local/examples/c/addtwo.cpp ./addtwo.cpp

3. Source the appropriate modules environment script for your shell:C. . /usr/share/modules/init/bash

4. Use module avail to see which modules are available

5. Load one of the 10.X modulesA. module load c101B. module list

6. Compile/execute the hello.c and addtwo.cppA. icc hello.cB. ./a.outC. icc addtwo.cpp

D. ./a.out7. Clear all loaded modules

A. module listB. module clearC. module list


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Sweetgum and Mimosa

Sweetgum: MIPSPro 7.4 Compilers, version 7.4

To compile with cc/CC on sweetgum, enter: CC example.c

To find out more about compilers, enter: man cc OR man CC

Mimosa: PGI CDK 7.2 Compilers

To compile with the C/C++ compilers, enter:/usr/local/apps/pgi-7.2/linux86/7.2/bin/pgCC example.c


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GNU C Compiler and SUN STUDIO8 C/C++ Compilers on willow

gcc file1.ccommand is used tocompile and link a C program onwillow

g++ file1.ccommand is used tocompile and link a C++ program onwillow


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Willow & Common CompilerFlags

Sun Studio C/C++ Compilers, Version 5.5: To compile with C/C++, enter:

cc example.c (C) CC example.c (C++)

Compilers located in /ptmp/studio8/SUNWspro/bin

GNU C/C++ Compilers, Version 3.3.2 To compile with C/C++, enter: gcc example.c (C) g++ example.c (C++)

Compilers located in /usr/local/bin

Use which to see which compiler version is being found. which cc which CC

If there are no compilation errors this creates an executablefile called a.out. To execute the C/C++ program, enter:./a.out.

E i 2 C il C/C++


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Exercise 2: Compile C/C++ onwillow

1. Log in to willow using the account: student

2. Change to your numbered working directory: cd 1

3. Compile/execute hello.c using GNU C compiler gcc hello.c

./a.out

4. Compile/execute simpleB.cpp using Suns C++ CC simpleB.cpp

./a.out5. Try to compile hello.c using Suns C compiler

cc hello.c


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Example C/C++ Flagscc

-c Compile or assemble the source files, but do notlink.

-S Stop after the stage of compilation proper

-E Stop after the preprocessing stage

-o newFilename Name executable somethingbesides a.out

-V Show the compiler version (SUN)-v Show the compiler version (GNU)


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Exercise 3: Compiler Options

1. Compile/execute hello.c using GNU C compiler,and name the executable file helloc.exe

gcc hello.c o helloc.exe

./helloc.exe2. Determine what version of the GNU compilers

are installed gcc -v

g++ -v3. Determine version of installed Suns compiler

CC V

/ptmp/studio8/SUNWspro/bin/cc -V

Frequently Asked ?s on C/C++


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Frequently Asked ?s on C/C++Willow

1. How can I compile one or more C/C++ sourcefiles into object files without yet linking into anexecutable program?

2. How can I ensure the compiler will find aC/C++ header file referenced by my program?

3. How can I ensure the compiler will find a pre-compiled module referenced by my programbut residing in a system- or user-defined

archive library?4. How can I add my own module to a library

archive for others on the system to re-use?

Answers here (or in Advanced C/C++ Compiling Unix Camp)http://www.mcsr.olemiss.edu/appssubpage.php?pagename=cwillow.inc

unix camp compiling c

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