unpacking potential challenges to ems auditors when ... · saatca conference, 2015: auditing iso...

1 CEM-07.1 Course Revision 2012-00

Unpacking potential challenges to EMS auditors when auditing some of the innovations of the third, or 2015 revision of the ISO 14001 environmental management

system standard – SAATCA Conference: 2015, Pretoria

Johan G Nel

Centre for Environmental Management

North-West University Potchefstroom Campus

Private Bag X6001 POTCHEFSTROOM

2520

Tel: +27 (0) 18 299-4279 Fax: +27 (0) 18 299-4266

E-Mail: [email protected] Web Address: www.nwu.ac.za/cem

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The new structure New items EMS scope Life cycle thinking

Strategic environmental management The context Needs and expectations of interested

parties Risks and opportunities

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Conformance vs. a performance based management system Effectiveness Intended outcomes of the EMS Indicators

Planning action – multiple instrument options Manage change Leadership commitment Protecting the environment EMS auditor competence

Transition arrangements

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If we have the time

The status of notes

New terminologies

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ISO 14001: 2015 The new structure

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A new model and structure

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The ISO 14001: 2014 Structure

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Discussion and Questions

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ISO 14001: 2015 New items

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015 ISO 14001: 2015

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Auditing impacts

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New terminologies and concepts

How do you as auditor respond to the following? See A2 There is no requirement in this International Standard for

its structure and terminology to be applied to the documentation of an organization's environmental management system.

There is no requirement for the terms used by an organization to be replaced by the terms used in this International Standard to specify environmental management system requirements.

Organizations can chose to use terms which suit their operations, for example using "records", "documentation", "protocols" rather than "documented information"

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The scope of the EMS

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The EMS scope

New very specific requirements to be

read with

The life cycle perspective

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The EMS scope 4.3 Determining the scope of the

environmental management system The organization shall determine the boundaries

and applicability of the environmental management system to establish its scope.

When determining this scope, the organization shall consider: the external and internal issues referred to in 4.1; the compliance obligations referred to in 4.2; its organizational unit(s), function(s), and physical

boundaries; its activities, products and services; its authority and ability to exercise control and influence.

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The EMS scope

3.3 Management systems

Note 3 to entry: The scope of a management system may include the whole of the organization, specific and identified functions of the organization, specific and identified sections of the organization, or one or more functions across a group of organizations.

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The EMS scope

A4.3 Determining the scope of the environmental management system

An organization has the freedom and flexibility to

define its boundaries.

It may choose to implement this International Standard with respect to the entire organization, or to (a) specific part(s) of the organization, as long as the top management of that part of the organization has authority for establishing an environmental management system.

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The EMS scope

4.3 Determining the scope of the environmental management system

Once the scope is defined, all activities, products

and services of the organization within that scope need to be included in the environmental management system.

The scope shall be maintained as documented information and be available to interested parties.

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The EMS scope A4.3 Continued

In setting the scope, the credibility of the

environmental management system will depend upon the choice of organizational boundaries.

The organization considers the degree of control or influence that it can exert over activities, products and services considering a life cycle perspective.

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The EMS scope A4.3 Continued

Scoping should not be used to exclude activities, products, services, or facilities that have or can have significant environmental aspects, or to evade its compliance obligations.

The scope should be factual and representative of the organization’s operations included within its environmental management system boundaries so that it does not mislead interested parties.

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The EMS scope

3.2 Top management

Note 2 to entry: If the scope of the management system (3.3) covers only part of an organization, then top management refers to those who direct and control that part of the organization.

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Life cycle thinking

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Definition 3.3

consecutive and interlinked stages of a product (or service) system, from raw material acquisition or generation from natural resources to final disposal

Note 1 to entry: The life cycle stages

include acquisition of raw materials, design, production, transportation/ delivery, use, end-of-life treatment and final disposal.

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0.2 Aim of the EMS

controlling or influencing the way the organization’s products and services are designed, manufactured, distributed, consumed and disposed by using a life cycle perspective that can prevent environmental impacts from being unintentionally shifted elsewhere within the life cycle;

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1. Scope

This International Standard is applicable to any organization, regardless of size, type and nature, and applies to the environmental aspects of its activities, products and services that the organization determines it can either control or influence considering a life cycle perspective.

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6.1.2 Environmental aspects

Within the defined scope of the environmental management system, the organization shall determine the environmental aspects of its activities, products and services that it can control and those that it can influence, and their associated environmental impacts, considering a life cycle perspective.

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8.1 Operational planning and control

Consistent with a life cycle perspective, the organization shall:

a) establish controls as appropriate, to

ensure that its environmental requirement(s) is (are) addressed in the design and development process for the product or service, considering each stage of its life cycle;

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8.1 Operational planning and control

Consistent with a life cycle perspective, the organization shall:

d) consider the need to provide

information about potential significant environmental impacts associated with the transportation or delivery, use, end-of-life treatment and final disposal of its products and services.

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Challenges to EMS auditors

The more explicit EMS scope requirements can challenge auditors

Auditors need to verify the life cycle perspective

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Strategic environmental management

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Strategic environmental management

Increased prominence of environmental management within the organisation's strategic planning processes

A new requirement (clause 4 and 6.1) is introduced 4.1 Understand the organisation and its

context 4.2 Understand the needs and

expectations of interested parties 6.1 Actions to address risks and

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Understand the organisation and its context

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Clause 4.1 understand the organisation and its context

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Note: Environmental conditions affect the organisation

Note: Issues affect the EMS and achievement of intended outcomes

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Clause 4.1 Understand the organisation and its context

Determine the External issues and Internal issues

That are relevant to its purpose That affects its ability to achieve the intended

outcomes of the EMS Environmental conditions

Being affected by the organisation (environmental impacts) or

Capable of affecting the organisation

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Internal issues can include activities, products services, strategic direction, culture capabilities

people, knowledge, processes,

Operational Management system processes and interactions (see 4.4)

systems

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Internal issues can include

Organisational units functions and physical boundaries

Authority and ability to exercise control or influence

That pose risks and opportunities

That can affect the organisation and the outcomes of the EMS`

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External issues can include Cultural, social, and political, Legal and regulatory, Financial and economic Technological, Natural and Competitive context,

That pose risks and opportunities That can affect the organisation and the

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Clause 4.1 understand the organisation and its context

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Environmental conditions such as climate, air and water quality, land use, existing contamination, natural resource availability, biodiversity, etc.

That pose risks and opportunities That can affect

the organisation and the outcomes of the EMS and the those conditions that can be affected by the

organisation` - the environmental impacts

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Issues are important

Topics for the organisation

Problems for debate and discussion

Changing circumstances that

Affect the organisation's ability to achieve the intended outcomes of the EMS

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Note these issues and conditions Affect or can effect the

Achievement of the intended outcomes of the EMS and/or

Organisation While the organisation can also affect the

environmental conditions Pose

Risks and opportunities that Need to be managed in terms of Clauses 6.1.1

and 6.1.4

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Annexure A4.1 Understand the organisation and its context

Get a high level conceptual understanding Of all the issues that can affect

Positively (opportunities) Negatively (threats) The ability to achieve the intended outcomes of the

EMS, or The organisation

These issues, translate as risks and

opportunities that need to be managed

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Annexure A4.1 Understand the organisation and its context

Note

The high level conceptual understanding entails

A high level or strategic level analysis by

The top management of the organisation

Note the definition of an 'organisation' in

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Note this is a new requirement that requires additional work to the 2004 standard

The purpose is to align and integrate the EMS with the business Processes Strategies

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Recommendation

High level brainstorming SWOT session with the leadership team

Record the outputs Internal issues External issues Environmental conditions Interested party needs (See Module 3.2) Emergency conditions

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Understand the needs and expectations of interested parties

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Clause 4.1 understand needs and expectations

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Once adopted, they become discretionary compliance obligations

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Clause 4.2 Needs and expectations of interested parties

Determine the Interested parties relevant to the EMS Relevant needs and expectations Which of the needs and expectations are

adopted to become compliance obligations

And are managed as external issues, i.e. threats and opportunities

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Annexure A4.2 Understand the needs and expectations of interested parties Gain a general, high level understanding of

Known, expressed and relevant needs of Internal and External interested parties

As determined and voluntarily adopted by the organisation As compliance obligations

A more detailed analysis of compliance obligations is done in in terms of Clause 6.1.3

Documented evidence can be generated in terms of Clause 6.1.3

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Annexure A4.2 Understand the needs and expectations of interested parties The high level knowledge gained in clause 4.2

needs to be used as an input to clauses

4.3 Determining the scope of the EMS

4.4 The life cycle of the EMS

6.1 Risks and opportunities While a more detailed analysis is done in

terms of clause 6.1.3

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Clause 4.2 Needs and expectations of interested parties

Note, the 2015 text has a more explicit duty to

Determine the interested parties

Determine the needs and expectations –

when compared to the 2004 text

Decide which needs and expectations are to be adopted to become compliance obligations

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Actions to address risk and opportunity

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Let us consider these concepts

3.18 Risk = the effect of uncertainty

The effect is the deviation from the expected, i.e. the unknown or uncertainty

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The unknown can

Harm the organisation (threats, hazards or perils)

Benefit the organisation – opportunities

Often the way the organisation sees an issue determines if it is a: Threat or opportunity

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Example the organisation generates polluted process water As a threat this process water can be

seen to Pollute ground water – negative

environmental impact Pollute surface water and impact on down

stream users resulting in civil claims – negative environmental impact

Potential for prosecution and – negative effect on the organisation Criminal liability Reputational loss etc.

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Let us consider these concepts As an opportunity when treating this

polluted water to technical operational specifications will have the following positive effects on the organisation Financial savings Prevention of civil and criminal charges Maintain reputation Positive environmental impacts Reduce the abstraction and use of raw water Prevention of pollution

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Let us consider these concepts Remember

Harm, or loss is posed by Hazards, threats or, perils

Opportunities are often undiscovered prospects,

or value that can be discovered and unlocked

Threats and opportunities effect or can effect the organisation

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Remember These threats and opportunities are

unknown

The uncertainties associated with the unknown need to be Discovered as hazards, threats or perils and Assessed for the effect on the organisation So that they can be identified, understood and

managed

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Remember

Activities, products and services however cause

Environmental impacts that need to be

Discovered as aspects and

Assessed

So that they can be managed

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Remember

Activities, products and services

Inherently have aspects that can interact with the environment and cause or can cause

Change or environmental impacts

These changes can be

» Negative or » Beneficial to the environment (positive?)

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Remember

So if activities, products and services can, or do cause change to the environment – what causes

Threats and opportunities to the

organisation?

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Remember The 2015 standard is clear on what can

cause threats and opportunities that manifest as risks The issues identified in terms of 4.1 Internal issues External issues Environmental conditions

Requirements of interested parties Environmental aspects Compliance obligations Potential emergency situations

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Remember What is the purpose of the risk and

opportunity process? The purpose is to ensure

That the organisation achieves the intended

outcomes of the EMS

Prevent or reduce undesired effects and

Achieve continual improvement

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It is clear from the preceding analysis that the 2015 version of the ISO 14001 standard requires two very different

Analyses

Assessment for significance and

Arrangements to manage these

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Let us consider these concepts The one is to identify, assess and manage

Threats and opportunities that pose or can pose risks to the organisation Refer to them as effects on the organisation These can be identified and assessed at a strategic or

tactical level

The second is to identify, assess and manage

Environmental impacts associated with the aspects

Just like the 2004 version of the standard More detailed and at the operational level

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Migrating from a conformance based to performance based standard with

performance indicators

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Elements supporting this migration

Direct requirements to improve environmental performance

Performance indicators Intended outcomes of the EMS EMS effectiveness review Monitoring measurement analysis and

evaluation

Perhaps the most challenging new duty for EMS auditors

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Performance

0.2 Aim of an environmental management system enhancing environmental

performance;

1. Scope This International Standard specifies the

requirements of an environmental management system that an organization can use to enhance its environmental performance.

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Performance

1. Scope

the intended outcomes of an environmental management system include:

enhancement of environmental performance;

fulfilment of compliance obligations;

achievement of environmental objectives.

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Performance

4.4 Environmental management system

The organization shall establish, implement, maintain and continually improve an environmental management system, including the processes needed and their interactions, in accordance with the requirements of this International Standard, to achieve its intended outcomes, including enhancing its environmental performance.

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Performance

5.2 Environmental policy

i) includes a commitment to continual improvement of the environmental management system to enhance environmental performance.

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Performance

5.3 Organizational roles, responsibilities and authorities

b) reporting on the performance of the

environmental management system, including environmental performance, to top management.

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Performance

7.2 Competence

The organization shall:

determine the necessary competence of

person(s) doing work under its control that affects its environmental performance, and its ability to achieve its compliance obligations;

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Performance

7.3 Awareness

The organization shall ensure that persons doing work under the organization’s control are aware of:

their contribution to the effectiveness of the

environmental management system, including the benefits of enhanced environmental performance;

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Performance

9.1.1 General The organization shall monitor, measure,

analyse and evaluate its environmental performance.

9.1.1 The organization shall determine: the methods for monitoring,

measurement, analysis and evaluation, as applicable, to ensure valid results;

the criteria against which the organization will evaluate its environmental performance, and appropriate indicators;

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Performance

9.1.1. The organization shall evaluate its

environmental performance and the effectiveness of the environmental management system.

The organization shall communicate relevant environmental performance information both internally and externally, as determined by its communication process and as required by its compliance obligations.

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Performance

9.3 Management review

The management review shall include

consideration of:

information on the organization’s environmental performance

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Performance

10 Improvement

10.1 General

The organization shall determine and select

opportunities for improvement and implement necessary actions to enhance environmental performance.

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Alert

There is no doubt that the ISO 14001:

2015 EMS standard has matured From being a conformance based

standard to A performance based standard

The question is – How will you the EMS

auditor make this transition too!

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Auditing the verification of the effectiveness of the EMS

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Effectiveness

Definition – Effectiveness 3.4.6

extent to which planned activities are realized

and planned results achieved

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Effectiveness

5.1 Leadership and commitment

Top management shall demonstrate leadership

and commitment with respect to the environmental management system by:

a) taking accountability for the effectiveness of the environmental management system;

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Effectiveness

6.1.4 Planning action The organization shall plan:

a) to take actions to address its:

significant environmental aspects; compliance obligations; risks and opportunities identified in 6.1.1;

b) how to:

evaluate the effectiveness of these actions (see 9.1).

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Effectiveness

7.2 Competence

The organization shall:

where applicable, take actions to acquire the

necessary competence, and evaluate the effectiveness of the actions taken.

Training actions must be evaluated for effectiveness!

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Effectiveness

9.1 Monitoring, measurement, analysis and evaluation

9.1.1 General

The organization shall monitor, measure, analyse and evaluate its environmental performance.

The organization shall evaluate its environmental performance and the effectiveness of the environmental management system.

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Effectiveness

9.3 Management review Top management shall review the outputs

of the management review shall include: conclusions on the continuing suitability,

adequacy and effectiveness of the environmental management system;

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Effectiveness

10.2 Nonconformity and corrective

action d) review the effectiveness of any corrective

action taken;

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Effectiveness

10.3 Continual improvement

The organization shall continually improve the

suitability, adequacy and effectiveness of the environmental management system to enhance environmental performance.

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Effectiveness

9.1 Monitoring, measurement, analysis and evaluation

9.1.1 General

The organization shall monitor, measure, analyse and evaluate its environmental performance.

The organization shall evaluate its environmental performance and the effectiveness of the environmental management system.

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Auditors and effectiveness

Verifying the effectiveness of the EMS is

the function of the organisation

The duty of the auditor is the confirm that it was done according to the requirements of the 2015 standard!

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Auditing the achievement of the intended outcomes of the EMS

99 Revision 2013-00

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1 Scope

Consistent with the organization's environmental policy, the intended outcomes of an environmental management system include:

enhancement of environmental performance;

fulfilment of compliance obligations;

achievement of environmental objectives.

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4.4. Environmental management system

The organization shall establish, implement, maintain and continually improve an environmental management system, including the processes needed and their interactions, in accordance with the requirements of this International Standard, to achieve its intended outcomes, including enhancing its environmental performance.

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A.3 Clarification of concepts The term ‘intended outcome’ means what

the organization intends to achieve by implementing its environmental management system, which includes enhancement of environmental performance, achievement of compliance obligations and fulfilment of environmental objectives.

These are the minimal, core outcomes, and organizations can set additional intended outcomes for their environmental management system,

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Auditors and intended outcomes

Achievement of the intended outcomes

of the EMS is the function of the organisation

The duty of the auditor is the confirm that the intended outcomes have been achieved according to the requirements of the 2015 standard!

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Environmental performance indicators


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Definition - Indicator

Definition 3.4.7 - Indicator

measurable representation of the

condition or status of operations, management or conditions

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Indicator

Definition – Environmental performance 3.4.11 performance (3.4.10) related to the

management of environmental aspects (3.2.2) Note 1 to entry: For an environmental

management system (3.1.2), results can be measured against the organization’s (3.1.4) environmental policy (3.1.3), environmental objectives (3.2.6) or other criteria, using indicators (3.4.7).

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Indicator

6.2.2 Planning actions to achieve environmental objectives

When planning how to achieve its

environmental objectives, the organization shall determine:

e) how the results will be evaluated,

including indicators for monitoring progress toward achievement of its measurable environmental objectives (see 9.1.1).

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Indicator

9.1.1 General The organization shall monitor, measure,

analyse and evaluate its environmental performance.

The organization shall determine:

c) the criteria against which the organization will evaluate its environmental performance, and appropriate indicators;

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Indicator

For additional information on environmental indicators, see ISO 14031.

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Planning action – Multiple instruments


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Multiple instruments 6.1.4 The organization shall plan:

to take actions to address its:

significant environmental aspects;

compliance obligations;

risks and opportunities identified in

6.1.1

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Multiple instruments 6.1.4 The organization shall plan:

how to: integrate and implement the actions into its

environmental management system processes (see 6.2 – Objectives and Planning action, or Clause 7 – Support, or, Clause 8 – Operations, and 9.1 – Monitoring or measurement, or other business processes; evaluate the effectiveness of these actions

(see 9.1)

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The Action Planning Toolbox

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The requirement to manage change


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Management of change (A.1)

Management of change is an important

part to

Maintain an EMS

Achieve the intended outcomes of the EMS on an ongoing basis

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Management of change is addressed in

various requirements of the standard Maintaining the EMS (4.4) Environmental aspects (6.1.2) Internal communication (7.4.2) Operational control (8.1) Internal audit programme (9.2.2) Management review (9.3)

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Management of change should address

Planned and

Unplanned changes to ensure that the

Unintended outcomes of changes do not Compromise the intended outcomes of the

EMS

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Examples of change include Planned changes to

Products Processes Operations Equipment Facilities

Changes in Staff External providers (contractors)

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Examples of change include

New information related to

Environmental aspects

Environmental impacts

Related technologies

Change in compliance obligations

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Auditing the new requirements related leadership commitment


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A new model and structure

© CEM


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Leadership and commitment

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Protecting the environment vs. prevention of pollution


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Protecting the environment 5.2 Environmental policy includes (a) commitment(s) to the

protection of the environment, including prevention of pollution and other specific commitment(s) relevant to the context of the organization;

NOTE Other specific commitment(s) to protect the environment can include sustainable resource use, climate change mitigation and adaptation, and protection of biodiversity and ecosystems.

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Protecting the environment A 5.2 Environmental policy The commitment to protect the

environment is intended to not only prevent adverse environmental impacts through prevention of pollution, but to protect the natural environment from harm and degradation arising from the organization's activities, products and services.

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Protecting the environment A 5.2 Environmental policy

These commitments may address

water quality, recycling, or air quality and may also include far broader

opportunities related to

climate change mitigation and adaptation, protection of biodiversity and ecosystems, and restoration.

© CEM


New EMS auditor competence requirements – ISO 17021- 2 (2012)?


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New EMS auditor competence requirements?

ISO 14001:2015 introduces some important new concepts that may need to be reflected in both the generic and aspect-specific competence requirements specified in ISO 17021-2, such as: Links between environmental

management and the strategic directions of an organization

Context analysis (issues, stakeholders) Life cycle perspective in environmental

management

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New EMS auditor competence requirements?

Environmental communication External environmental conditions

impacting upon the organization

Other more generic topics to be considered may include: Specific competences to audit leadership

commitment How to audit less documented

(environmental) management systems?

© CEM


Transition arrangements


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Transition Transition lapses 3

years after publication date

Publication is scheduled for 16 September, 2015

Auditors need to prepare and equip themselves

Evolving norm is minimum of 2 day transition course with and examination

© CEM


The status of notes (should the time permits)


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Additional clarifications Information marked as "NOTE" within the

requirement section is to assist the with the understanding or Use of the document These notes are informative

Notes to entry" used in Clause 3 (definitions) provide additional information that supplements the

terminological data and can contain provisions relating to the use of the term

Normative

Discuss © CEM


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Additional clarifications

Notes to entry" used in Clause 3

(definitions) provide

additional information

that supplements the terminological data

and can contain Provisions relating to the use of the term

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Terminologies: Shall, should, may or can


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Additional clarifications

The following verbal forms are used:

“shall” indicates a requirement;

“should” indicates a recommendation;

“may” indicates a permission;

“can” indicates a possibility or a capability.

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Terminologies: Consider vs. take into account


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Clarifications

The word ‘consider’ means

it is necessary to think about the topic but it can be excluded; and

‘take into account’ means it is necessary to think about the topic but

it cannot be excluded

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Terminologies: Appropriate vs. applicable


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Clarifications

The word ‘consider’ means

it is necessary to think about the topic but it can be excluded; and

‘take into account’ means it is necessary to think about the topic but

it cannot be excluded

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Terminologies: Ensure


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Clarifications

The word ‘ensure’ means the responsibility can be delegated, but not the accountability

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Terminologies: Documented information


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Clarifications

‘Documented information’ replaces the nouns ‘documentation’ and ‘record’

To distinguish between documents and

records

‘retain documented information as evidence of....’ to mean records,

and ‘maintain documented information’ to mean documentation other than records.

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Documentation

Reflecting the evolution of computer and cloud based systems for running management systems, the revision incorporates the term ‘documented information’, instead of ‘documents’ and ‘records’.

To align with ISO 9001, the organization will retain the flexibility to determine when ‘procedures’ are needed to ensure effective process control.

© CEM


Terminologies: Intended outcomes of the EMS


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Clarifications

The term ‘intended outcome’ is what the organization intends to achieve

by implementing its environmental management system,

The minimum outcomes include enhancement of environmental performance, Fulfilment of compliance obligations and Achievement of environmental objectives.

© CEM


Terminologies: Compliance obligations


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Clarifications

The phrase ‘compliance obligations’ replaces the phrase

‘legal requirements and other requirements to which the

organization subscribes’ and The adopted interested party

requirements

The intent of this new phrase does not differ from that of the previous edition

© CEM


Terminologies: Environmental impact vs. effect


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Clarifications

The phrase ‘compliance obligations’ replaces the phrase

‘legal requirements and other

requirements to which the organization subscribes’ used in previous editions of this International Standard.

The intent of this new phrase does not differ from that of the previous edition

© CEM


Terminologies: Procured services vs. outsourced


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Explain the difference between Procured services Outsourced services

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Terminologies: Environmental aspect vs. a risk (Threat or opportunity)


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Clarification

The term risk should have been threats and opportunities Threats can cause harm or loss to the

organisation Opportunities offer value to the

organisation The receptor is the ability or inability of

the organisation to achieve the intended outcomes of the EMS

Threats and opportunities cause effects on the organisation

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Clarification

Environmental impacts are caused by the environmental aspects of Activities Products and services

The environment is the receptor of impacts, i.e. Change

Negative environmental impacts Positive environmental impacts

Explain positive environmental impacts vs. opportunities

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Clarification

How will you as auditor differentiate

between

Environmental aspects vs. threats and opportunities

Environmental impacts vs. effects

Discuss © CEM


Terminologies: Environmental conditions


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Clarification

Environmental condition state or characteristic of the environment

(3.8) as determined at a certain point of time These are issues that can affect the

organisation Need to be managed as threats and

opportunities

© CEM


Terminologies: Prevention of pollution vs. protection of the environment


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Prevention of pollution Use of processes (3.26), practices, techniques,

materials, products, services or energy to avoid, reduce or control (separately or in combination) the creation, emission or discharge of any type of pollutant or waste, in order to reduce adverse environmental impacts (3.10)

Note 1 to entry: Prevention of pollution can include source reduction or elimination; process, product or service changes; efficient use of resources; material and energy substitution; reuse; recovery; recycling, reclamation; or treatment.

© CEM


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Protection of the environment

NOTE Other specific commitment(s) to

protect the environment can include sustainable resource use, climate change mitigation and adaptation, and protection of biodiversity and ecosystems.

© CEM


Terminologies: Life cycle perspective


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Clarification

Consecutive and interlinked stages of a product system, from raw material acquisition or generation from natural resources to end-of-life treatment

Note 1 to entry: The life cycle stages

include extraction of raw materials, design, production, transportation/delivery, use and end-of-life treatment.

© CEM


Terminologies: Effectiveness


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Clarification

Effectiveness extent to which planned activities are

realized and planned results achieved

© CEM


Terminologies: Monitoring vs. measurement


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Clarification

Monitoring determining the status of a system, a

process (3.26) or an activity Note 1 to entry: To determine the status,

there may be a need to check, supervise or critically observe.

Measurement Process (3.26) to determine a value

© CEM


Terminologies: The new objectives


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Clarification - Objectives

Targets are not required Objective result to be achieved Note 1 to entry: An objective can be

strategic, tactical, or operational. Note 2 to entry: Objectives can relate

to different disciplines (such as financial, health and safety, and environmental goals) and can apply at different levels (such as strategic, organization-wide, project, product, service and process (3.26)).

© CEM


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Targets are not required Objective Note 3 to entry: An objective can be

expressed in other ways, e.g. as an intended outcome, a purpose, an operational criterion, as an environmental objective (3.17), or by the use of other words with similar

meaning (e.g. aim, goal, or target).

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Objectives are linked to indicators indicator (3.33) measurable representation of the

condition or status of operations, management or conditions

Planning actions to achieve environmental objectives how the results will be evaluated,

including indicators for monitoring progress toward achievement of measurable environmental objectives (see 9.1.1). © CEM


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A6.2 Indicators are selected to measure the

achievement of measurable objectives. “Measurable” means possible to decide

with respect to a specified scale, using either quantitative or qualitative methods, if the objective has been met.

By including the caveat ‘if practicable’, it is acknowledged that there may be situations when it may not be feasible to measure an objective © CEM

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