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(j~) Most of the time, you ~~\.-L-E : _don't think about -----------~breathing. Air moves inand out of your lungs 15to 25 times every minute.But why do you breathe?And what happens in yourbody when you breathe?

\i~2) People breathe to takein good air and get rid ofbad air. All the cells in thehuman body need a gascalled oxygen. And cellsneed to get rid of a gas called carbon dioxide.

(~~.J How does this happen? Air enters your nose and mouth. Itgoes down a tube called the trachea (TRAyekeeeuh)into two

. tubes. One tube goes into each lung. Yourlungs are two sacsthat act like sponges. Inside each lung, the tubes divide intosmaller tubes. At the end of the tubes are millions of tiny sacscalled alveoli (aleVEEeuhely).This is where your blood receivesgood air and unloads bad air.

<~~) The air you breathe is not always clean. Stickyareas of yournose, trachea, and lungs trap dirt and germs. But your lungshave little hairs called cilia (Sll.see-uh) ..They act like tinybrooms to push the dirt and germs out of your lungs.

~Circle the right answer for questions 1-5. Write your .answer to question 6 on a blank piece of paper.

1. The air people breathe moves in and out of thelungs times per minute.A ·5 to 10II 15 to 25

C 25 to 50D 35 to 65

2. Which word in paragraph 3 means "comes in"?A goes Centers .B unloads D receives

3. Which paragraph tells about the purpose of breathing?A 1 C 3B 2 D 4

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4. After air goes down your trachea, the air next enters __A your nose and mouthB millions of tiny sacsC your lungsD two tubes

50 The article does not say, but you can decide that the cilia __A help people stay healthyB pass oxygen to the bloodC get rid of carbon dioxideD make the lungs wider

~6~Think ofo.,time when you had trouble breathing., What helped you:; =breathe 'better?

~

What is the "Forehead of the Sky"?

e2!1~) Mount Everestis thehighest mountain on Earth.The mountain is in centralAsia. Some Asian peoplecall the mountain the"Forehead of the Sky."

It is hard to climb MountEverest.The mountain issteep and rocky. Theweather is cold and windy.Often there are fiercestorms. Sometimes anavalanche crashes downthe mountain. The hike down can be just as hard as going up.

The mountain is so high that the air is thin. It is hard tobreathe. A climber must move slowly near the mountain's top.The climber takes six or eight breaths before each tiny step.Some climbers get mountain sickness. Their brains do not getenough oxygen. The climbers feel sick and confused. Mostclimbers take bottles of oxygen to help them breathe.

Many people have tried to climb Mount Everest.But notmany have reached the top. In 1953, Edmund Hillary andTenzing Norgay were the first climbers to reach the summit. In2001, the first blind climber made it to the top. Why do people

.try so hard to climb Mount Everest?Here is what many climberssay: "Because it is there."

.---------

Circle the right answer for questions 1-5. Write Y;'~-~"".answer to question 6 on a blank piece of paper, """

1. Mount Everest is located in central --A AsiaC. EuropeB Africa D America

2. Which word in paragraph 2 means "showing force"?A hard C fierceB steep D rocky

3. Aclimber takes six or eight breaths before each step because the __A climber is confusedB weather is coldC storm is fierceD air is thin

4. The article does not say, but you can decide that mountain sicknessis caused by __A a coldB sore legsC lack of sleepD lack of oxygen

5. Call can have the following meanings. Mark the meaning used inparagraph 1.A to say something in a loud voiceB to give something a nameC to send a messageD to predict

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Do alligators have a voice?

0i~~~) Alligators belong to thesame animal family assnakes and turtles. Snakesand turtles are quiet. Butan alligator is different. Itmakes its first sound evenbefore it comes out of itsegg. These rioises tell themother that it is time tofree her babies from thenest.

,.', '"':""'\\~) Young alligators -----------sometimes squeak. Grownalligators make other sounds. They hiss when they are angry orafraid. In alligator country, a hiss may mean that an angryalligator is coming at you. Or it may mean that a frightenedalligator is slipping into the water to get away.

(:~) The most common alligator sound is a roar. Alligators oftenroar on spring evenings. They are looking for a mate. The roarof an alligator is one of the great animal sounds of the world.

;:4\ Alligators can also be quiet. They float without sound in the

1((;:",:9 water. Only their eyes and noses show. Alligators are often quiet

in summer and winter. If the weather is too hot or too cold, they, fall into a deep sleep.

Circle the right answer for questions 1-5. Write your'~answer to question 6 on a blank piece of paper. -, -,

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1. The article does not tell about the __ of analligator.A tailB sleepC soundsD mother

2. Which word in paragraph 3 means "usual"?A roar C greatB most D common

3. Which paragraph tells when alligators are quiet?Ale 3B 2 D 4

4. Alligators hiss when they are __A angryB sleepingC caring for babieso looking for a mate

5. The article does not say, but you can decide that alligators __A roar throughout the dayB only sleep in the summerC do not like very cold temperaturesD make the same sounds as babies and adults

The first lady does nothave a paying job. She isthe wife of the president ofthe United States. But firstladies work hard. Theygreet important people.They help people learn toread or care for those whoare sick.

\, '<~i) Abigail Adams was oneof the earliest and busiestfirst ladies. She oftenworked with her husband,John. In fact, many people thought she did too much .

. Sometimes she seemed to be running the country.

(,~~~) Another famous first lady was Eleanor Roosevelt. Herhusband, Franklin, couldn't walk. So Mrs. Roosevelt traveledaround the country for him. She talked to everyone. Then shewent back to the White House. She told President Roosevelt whatpeople were thinking and what they worried about. Mrs.Roosevelt also tried to make life better for America's poor people.

What is the first lady's job?

The people of the United States don't choose their first lady.She gets the job if her husband becomes president. Americansare lucky to have had so many hardworking women in theWhite House.

Circle the right answer for questions 1-5. Write your ''''-,.answer to question 6 on a blank piece of paper. "'"

1. The article does not tell --A who is first lady nowB where the first lady livesC how a first lady gets the jobD how much the first lady is paid

2. Which word in paragraph 1 means "welcome someone in a friendly way"?A work C helpB care D greet

3. Which paragraph tells what Eleanor Roosevelt did?Ale 3B 2 D 4

4. The article does not say, but you can decide that first ladies __A keep the White House cleanB spend all their time travelingC live apart from the rest of their familyD do more than some people who have paying jobs

5. Running can have the following meanings. Mark the meaning usedin paragraph 2.A entering a contestB making a short visitC leading or managingD going faster than a walk

Is slime good to eat?

Everyone has seen thegreen slime in fish pondsand swimming pools. Butnot everyone knows thatthis slime is living andgrowing. It is an importantplant called algae (Al.sjee).Someday algae may bepeople's main food.

Algae are the tiniest ofall plants. They have nostems, leaves, or roots. Infact, most algae are onlyone cell. But they are quite strong. They only need water,sunlight, and air to grow. And they grow very fast.

There ure many different kinds of algae. They come in manycolors like green, blue-green, red, and brown. Seaweed is onekind of algae that can be eaten. Astronauts in space eat thisgreen food. Algae are easy to store on spaceships. And they arevery good for people. But algae are more than a food. They alsomake oxygen. Someday people in space might need algae forboth food and air.

A whole plate of algae is better for you than many wholedinners. But who wants to eat slimy green stuff? Most peopledon't. So cooks use algae in soups and salads. They even makean algae cheese cake! You can't tell you're eating slime.

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Circle the right answer for questions 1-5. Write your -~"~answer to question 6 on a blank piece of paper. ~ -. -.-,

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, 1. The article does not tell how __A algae are used in spaceB fast algae growC small algae areD algae taste

2. Which word in paragraph 2 means "the smallest part of a livingplant"?A airB cell

C waterD sunlight

, 3. Which paragraph tells what cooks do with algae?A. 1 C 3B 2 D 4

4. Which of these does not help algae grow?A airB stemsC waterD sunlight

5. The article does not say, but you ccndecide that many people don'tknow __A that algae are aliveB that algae are slimyC how good algae are for them to eatD how algae look in ponds or swimming pools