Unscrambling APAUnscrambling APA

Image courtesy of ultrakml.

Two Sides of Citations

•Citations in-text.

•Reference list.

•Every citation in-text must be in your reference list; every item in your reference list must be in your text.

In-text Citations•Reference ideas, summaries and quotes

from other works using parentheses in the body of your paper. The basic format is (Last name, Year).

• If the author is named in the sentence, only include the year in parentheses.

• For direct quotes include the page number (Last name, Year, p. #).

• The period comes after the close parentheses.

Martin Luther King, Jr. stated “I believe that unarmed truth and unconditional love will have the final word in reality. This is why right, temporarily defeated, is stronger than evil triumphant.”

Image courtesy of the Associated Press

Martin Luther King, Jr. stated “I believe that unarmed truth and unconditional love will have the final word in reality. This is why right, temporarily defeated, is stronger than evil triumphant”(King & Washington, 1986, p. 91).

Image courtesy of the Associated Press

Martin Luther King, Jr. noted in his Nobel Prize acceptance speech that social struggle can include setbacks.

Image courtesy of the Associated Press

Martin Luther King, Jr. noted in his Nobel Prize acceptance speech that social struggle can include setbacks (Nobelprize.org, 2012).

Image courtesy of the Associated Press

Reference List Citation Basics

Position A Position B Position C Position D Position E Position F

BookAuthor(s):

Last Name, Initials.

Date of publication:

(Year).

Title: Italicized.Only

capitalize the first word and proper nouns of title and

sub-title. End with a period.

City of publication

and publisher:

City: Publisher. End with a

period.

None. None.

ArticleAuthor(s):

Last Name, Initials.

Date of publication:

(Year).

Title of article: Capitalize only first word and

proper nouns of title and

subtitle. End with a period.

Title of periodical:

Italicize and capitalize all major words.

End with a comma.

Volume and issue: volume

number (issue number). Italicize volume

number, do not italicize issue number. End

with a comma.

Pages: ##-##. End with a period.

References

King, M. L., & Washington, J. M. (1986). A testament of hope: The essential writings of Martin Luther King, Jr.

San Francisco: Harper & Row.Nobelprize.org (2012). Martin Luther King: Nobel lecture. Retrieved February 13, 2012 from

http://www.nobelprize.org

Line Spacing

•Double space entire document, including reference list. Do not double-double space (i.e., between paragraphs).

Font

•Use standard 12-point font.

•Times New RomanTimes New Roman is the APA preferred font.

Margins

•Use one-inch margins throughout.

•Align margins flush left and “ragged” right (i.e. don’t align the right margin flush or “justified.”)

Reference List• Begin reference list on its own page after the

body of the paper.

• Title page References -- capitalized and centered (but NOT in bold face type) at the top.

• List references alphabetically by author.

• Double space and indent all lines after the first of any given reference.

• Do not double-double space between citations.

• Any and only works cited in-text should be included on the reference list.

Running Header

•On the title page, type Running head: and the title of your paper (shortened to 50 characters or less and in all capital letters).

•On subsequent pages, include only the title in all caps.

APA Manual

Purdue OWL

APAStyle.org

APA Challenge

•Review your APA citation challenge

•Use APA resources to find a solution to that challenge

•Using the whiteboard, record your solution to the challenge

Challenge #1• You have an edited book. Each essay in the book is written by a

different person. You would like to cite the essay by James Baldwin titled “If Black English Isn’t a Language Then Tell me What is.” Create a citation in-text and a reference citation.

Baldwin, J. (1998). If black English isn’t a language then tell me what is. In T. Perry &

L. Delpit (Eds.), The real Ebonics debate: Power, language, and the education of

African-American children (pp. 17-43). Boston: Beacon Press.

(Baldwin, 1998)

Challenge #2

• You would like to cite the article “Retributive and Restorative Justice.” You found the article in an online database and a doi (10.1007/s10979-007-9116-6) was included.

Wenzel, M., Okimoto, T. G., Feather, N. T., & Platow, M. J. (2008). Retributive and

restorative justice. Law And Human Behavior, 32(5), 375-389.

doi:10.1007/s10979-007-9116-6

(Wenzel, Okimoto, Feather, & Platow, 2008)

Challenge #3

• You had the opportunity to interview Linda Darling-Hammond on October 1, 2012 and would like to cite her comments.

No reference list.

(L. Darling-Hammond, personal communication, October 1, 2012)

Challenge #4

• You would like to quote the FairTest fact sheet from this website: http://www.fairtest.org/common-core-assessments-more-tests-not-much-better

FairTest. (2012). Common Core assessments: More tests, but not much better.

Retrieved from http://www.fairtest.org

(FairTest, 2012)

Blog Example

Ravitch, D. (2014, February 5). Correcting the Washington Post Account of What I

Said in D.C. [Blog post]. Retrieved from http://dianeravitch.net/

(Ravitch, 2014)

HNU Library Website