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D AlertCreated by：Atsushi Nakajima (@Ats_Nakajima) CC BY 4.0# 23 　- the latest mycological papers from Google Scholar

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20150903-1

Minutisphaerales (Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota): a new order of freshwaterascomycetes including a new family, Minutisphaeraceae, and two new species fromNorth Carolina, USA

HA Raja, T El-Elimat, NH Oberlies, CA Shearer… - …, 2015 - Mycol Soc America

ポリケチド類/polyketides, 新科提唱/newfamily, 新種記載/new species, 新目提唱/new order, 淡水域/freshwater

2015/09/03

Abstract Minutisphaera is a recently established genus of freshwater Dothideomycetes characterized by small, globose to subglobose orapothecioid, erumpent to superficial, brown ascomata; fissitunicate, eight-spored, ovoid to obclavate asci; and 1–2-septate, clavate tobroadly fusiform, hyaline to pale brown ascospores with or without a gelatinous sheath and filamentous appendages. The genus currentlycontains two species: M. fimbriatispora, the type species, and M. japonica. The higher-level phylogenetic relationship of Minutisphaera withinthe Dothideomycetes currently is unresolved. To establish the phylogenetic position of Minutisphaera within the Dothideomycetes andevaluate the phylogenetic affinities of newly collected Minutisphaera-like taxa, we sequenced three rDNA regions—18S, ITS1-5.8SITS2 (ITS)and 28S nuc rDNA, and a protein-coding gene, MCM7, for newly collected strains of Minutisphaera. Based on maximum likelihood andBayesian analyses of a combined dataset (18S and 28S) composed of 167 taxa, a more refined dataset (28S and MCM7) comprising 52 taxaand a separate ITS dataset, and an examination of morphology, we describe and illustrate two new species of Minutisphaera. TheMinutisphaera clade was strongly supported within the Dothideomycetes with likelihood and Bayesian statistics but did not sharephylogenetic affinities with any existing taxonomic group within the Dothideomycetes. We therefore establish a new order, Minutisphaerales,and new family, Minutisphaeraceae, for this monophyletic clade of freshwater ascomycetes. Chemical analysis of the organic extract M.aspera (G427) resulted in isolation and characterization of five known secondary metabolites, of which four were dipeptides (1–4) and onean aromatic polyketide (5). Conversely, two aromatic polyketides (5, 6) were isolated and identified from the organic extract of M.

（仮訳）マイニューティスフェラ目：新科マイニューティスフェラ科を含む淡水産子嚢菌の新目、および米国ノースカロライナ州産の2新種

http://www.mycologia.org/content/107/4/845.abstractURL

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20150903-2

Diversity of Marine-Derived Fungal Cultures Exposed by DNA Barcodes: TheAlgorithm Matters

N Andreakis, L Høj, P Kearns, MR Hall, G Ericson… - PloS one, 2015 - dx.plos.org

DNAバーコーディング/DNA barcoding, Science,スクリーニング/screening

2015/09/03

Abstract Marine fungi are an understudied group of eukaryotic microorganisms characterized by unresolved genealogies and unstableclassification. Whereas DNA barcoding via the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) provides a robust and rapid tool for fungalspecies delineation, accurate classification of fungi is often arduous given the large number of partial or unknown barcodes and misidentifiedisolates deposited in public databases. This situation is perpetuated by a paucity of cultivable fungal strains available for phylogeneticresearch linked to these data sets. We analyze ITS barcodes produced from a subsample (290) of 1781 cultured isolates of marine-derivedfungi in the Bioresources Library located at the Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS). Our analysis revealed high levels of under-explored fungal diversity. The majority of isolates were ascomycetes including representatives of the subclasses Eurotiomycetidae,Hypocreomycetidae, Sordariomycetidae, Pleosporomycetidae, Dothideomycetidae, Xylariomycetidae and Saccharomycetidae. The phylumBasidiomycota was represented by isolates affiliated with the genera Tritirachium and Tilletiopsis. BLAST searches revealed 26 unknownOTUs and 50 isolates corresponding to previously uncultured, unidentified fungal clones. This study makes a significant addition to theavailability of barcoded, culturable marine-derived fungi for detailed future genomic and physiological studies. We also demonstrate theinfluence of commonly used alignment algorithms and genetic distance measures on the accuracy and comparability of estimatingOperational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) by the automatic barcode gap finder (ABGD) method. Large scale biodiversity screening programs thatcombine datasets using algorithmic OTU delineation pipelines need to ensure compatible algorithms have been used because the algorithm

（仮訳）DNAバーコードにより示された海洋由来菌類培養株の多様性：アルゴリズムが問題である

http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0136130URL

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20150903-3

Atrokylindriopsis, a new genus of hyphomycetes from Hainan, China, withrelationship to Chaetothyriales

YR Ma, JW Xia, JM Gao, XY Li, RFC Ruíz… - Mycological …, 2015 - Springer

海南省/Hainan, 新属提唱/new genus, 中国/China

2015/09/03

Abstract Atrokylindriopsis setulosa gen. et sp. nov. produces pigmented, septate, setulate conidia that are attached to the monophialidicconidiogenous cells of unbranched, brown, macronematous conidiophores at the midpoint of their long side during conidiogenesis, giving theappearance of a ‘T’. Internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and partial 28S rDNA sequences indicate placement of Atrokylindriopsis in theChaetothyriales.

（仮訳）中国海南省産のケートチリウム目と関係を有する不完全糸状菌の新属Atrokylindriopsis

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11557-015-1071-xURL

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20150903-10

Taxonomic relationships among non-macrocystidiate taxa of Lactarius subg.Russularia from Europe with special reference to species from Greece

M Triantafyllou, E Polemis, Z Gonou-Zagou… - Mycological …, 2015 - Springer

ギリシャ/Greece, シノニム/synonym, チチタケ属/Lactarius, 配列決定/sequencing

2015/09/03

Abstract Members of the ectomycorrhizal genus Lactarius form symbiotic relationships with a wide range of plant species. For the purposesof this study, 29 specimens originally assigned to L. atlanticus, L. serifluus and L. subumbonatus were examined by including all pertinentavailable material from Greece. The detailed study of macroscopic and microscopic characteristics by using compound optical, differentialinterference contrast (DIC) and scanning electron microscopy in combination with molecular approaches (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA sequencing)permitted a clear separation between L. atlanticus and L. subumbonatus, while their basidiospore shape and height of ornamentation werefound to be of diagnostic value. Moreover, the morphological delimitation between the specimens identified as L. serifluus and L.subumbonatus is not clear, and these specimens were intermixed into the same phylogenetic cluster with high support. Thus, the lattername should be considered as a synonym of the former. As concerns other related taxa of L. subg. Russularia, the American L. rubidus andL. subserifluus demonstrated relatively high evolutionary affinity with European collections of L. serifluus/L. subumbonatus and L. atlanticus,respectively.

（仮訳）ヨーロッパ産チチタケ属Russularia亜属のマクロシスチジアを有さない分類群の分類学的関係、特にギリシャ産の種について

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11557-015-1101-8URL

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20150903-12

Gravireception in Phycomyces: Threshold Determination on the Sounding RocketTEXUS 50

W Schmidt - Journal of Modern Physics, 2015 - scirp.org

2015/09/03

Under parabolic flight conditions microgravity is not lower than 3 to 5 times 10-2 g. In contrast to parabolic flights, sounding rocket flightsare virtually vibrational-free allowing microgravity as low as 10-5 g. Thus, a rotating platform serving as centrifuge allows the precisegeneration of gravitational forces ranging from 5 to 100 mg (not possible during parabolic flights). On this basis we determined thethreshold1 for optical reflection/absorption changes in Phycomyces to be lower than 25 × 10-3 g. This compares well with the thresholddetermination of gravitropism in Phycomyces on a clinostat centrifuge. Kinetics of gravity-induced absorption changes and gravity asgenerated by the on-board centrifuge do not coincide but show a distinctive hysteresis with a latency of 4 s (75 mg-ramp, pull-up).

（仮訳）ヒゲカビ属菌の重力感受：観測ロケットTEXUS 50上での閾値決定

http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?paperID=59222URL

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20150903-14

Identification of Neofabraea species causing bull's eye rot of apple in Poland and theirdirect detection in apple fruit using multiplex PCR

M Michalecka, H Bryk, A Poniatowska… - Plant …, 2015 - Wiley Online Library

ポーランド/Poland

2015/09/03

Abstract Based on partial sequence analysis of the β-tubulin gene, 19 isolates of fungi causing bull's eye rot on apple in Poland wereclassified into species: Neofabraea alba, N. perennans and N. kienholzii. To our knowledge the detection of N. kienholzii is the second inEurope and the first in Poland. Species affiliation of these fungi was confirmed by the new species-specific multiplex PCR assay developed onthe basis of the previously published methods. The new protocol allowed for the specific identification of bull's eye rot-causing species, bothfrom pure cultures and directly from the skin of diseased or apparently healthy apples. In 550 samples of diseased fruits collected from ninecold storage rooms located in three regions of Poland, in 2011 and 2012, N. alba was detected as the predominant species causing bull'seye rot, occurring on average in 94 % of the tested samples. N. perennans was found in a minority of apple samples. N. kienholzii wasfound only in two apple samples, while N. malicorticis was not detected in any sample tested. In tests on 120 apparently healthy fruits onlyN. perennans was detected in a single sample. The results of genetic diversity analyses of bull's eye rot-causing fungi based on the β-tubulingene sequence and an ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat) -PCR assay with two primers were consistent, showing the expectedsegregation of tested isolates with respect to their species boundaries. However, the genetic distance between N. perennans and N.malicorticis was very low as reported previously. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

（仮訳）ポーランドにおいてリンゴにbull's eye rotを引き起こすNeofabraea属菌の同定およびマルチプレックスPCRを用いたリンゴ果実からの直接検出

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ppa.12449/abstractURL

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20150903-15

DNA-metabarcoding uncovers the diversity of soil-inhabiting fungi in the tropicalisland of Puerto Rico

H Urbina, DG Scofield, M Cafaro, A Rosling - bioRxiv, 2015 - biorxiv.org

プエルトリコ/Puerto Rico, 外生菌根菌/ectomycorrhizal fungus

2015/09/03

Abstract Soil fungal communities in tropical regions remain poorly understood. In order to increase the knowledge of diversity of soil-inhabiting fungi, we extracted total DNA from top-organic soil collected in seven localities dominated by four major ecosystems in thetropical island of Puerto Rico. In order to comprehensively characterize the fungal community, we PCR-amplified the ITS2 fungal barcodeusing newly designed degenerated primers and varying annealing temperatures to minimize primer bias. Sequencing results, obtained usingIon Torrent technology, comprised a total of 566,613 sequences after quality filtering. These sequences were clustered into 4,140 molecularoperational taxonomic units (MOTUs) after removing low frequency sequences and rarefaction to account for differences in read depthbetween samples. Our results demonstrate that soil fungal communities in Puerto Rico are structured by ecosystem. Ascomycota, followedby Basidiomycota, dominates the diversity of fungi in soil. Amongst Ascomycota, the recently described soil-inhabiting classArchaeorhizomycetes was present in all the localities and taxa in this class were among the most commonly observed MOTUs. TheBasidiomycota community was dominated by soil decomposers and ectomycorrhizal fungi with a distribution strongly affected by localvariation to a greater degree than Ascomycota.

（仮訳）DNAメタバーコーディングによる熱帯の島嶼、プエルトリコにおける土壌生息菌の多様性の解明

http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2015/08/28/025668.abstractURL

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20150903-17

Quelques champignons étonnants de la Guyane française

JL CHEYPE - Bull. mycol. bot. Dauphiné-Savoie-n, 2015 - jlcheype.free.fr

フランス語/French, 仏領ギアナ/French Guiana

2015/09/03

フランス語

The author illustrates some curious species, not or rarely illustrated, from French Guiana, collected since2005, during travels of one or twomonths in February and March (period of “the little summer”) and inDecember to study the transition between the rainy and the dry season.In this article are presented:Lentinula boryana, Clavaria sanguinaria, Caripia montagnei, Deflexula subsimplex, Favolaschia oligoporaandMycena kermesina.

（仮訳）仏領ギアナ産の驚くべききのこ類

http://jlcheype.free.fr/articles_guyane/GuyaneFMBDS_218_aout2015.pdfURL

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20150903-19

Response to Comment on “Global diversity and geography of soil fungi”

L Tedersoo, M Bahram, S Põlme, S Anslan, T Riit… - Science, 2015 - sciencemag.org

メタゲノム/metagenomics, 配列決定/sequencing

2015/09/03

Schadt and Rosling (Technical Comment, 26 June 2015, p. 1438) argue that primer-template mismatches neglected the fungal classArchaeorhizomycetes in a global soil survey. Amplicon-based metabarcoding of nine barcode-primer pair combinations and polymerasechain reaction (PCR)–free shotgun metagenomics revealed that barcode and primer choice and PCR bias drive the diversity and compositionof microorganisms in general, but the Archaeorhizomycetes were little affected in the global study. We urge that careful choice of DNAmarkers and primers is essential for ecological studies using high-throughput sequencing for identification.

（仮訳）「土壌菌の全世界における多様性および地理」に対するコメントへの返答

http://www.sciencemag.org/content/349/6251/936.4.shortURL

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20150903-22

Anaerobic fungi (phylum Neocallimastigomycota): advances in understanding theirtaxonomy, life cycle, ecology, role and biotechnological potential

RJ Gruninger, AK Puniya, TM Callaghan, JE Edwards… - cadair.aber.ac.uk

2015/09/03

Anaerobic fungi (phylum Neocallimastigomycota) inhabit the gastrointestinal tract of mammalian herbivores, where they play an importantrole in the degradation of plant material. The Neocallimastigomycota represent the earliest diverging lineage of the zoosporic fungi; howeverunderstanding of the relationships of the different taxa (both genera and species) within this phylum is in need of revision. Issues exist withthe current approaches used for their identification and classification, and recent evidence suggests the presence of several novel taxa(potential candidate genera) that remain to be characterised. The life cycle and role of anaerobic fungi has been well characterised in therumen, but not elsewhere in the ruminant alimentary tract. Greater understanding of the ‘resistant’ phase(s) of their life cycle is needed, asis study of their role and significance in other herbivores. Biotechnological application of anaerobic fungi, and their highly active cellulolyticand hemi-cellulolytic enzymes, has been a rapidly increasing area of research and development in the last decade. The move towardsunderstanding of anaerobic fungi using –omics based (genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic) approaches is starting to yield valuableinsights into the unique cellular processes, evolutionary history, and metabolic capabilities and adaptations within theNeocallimastigomycota.

（仮訳）嫌気性菌（ネオカリマスティクス門）：分類、生活環、生態、役割、および生物工学における潜在性に関する理解の進展

http://cadair.aber.ac.uk/dspace/bitstream/handle/2160/29317/FEMSminiReview_DraftforcoAuthorApproval_TMCGGmod.doc?sequence=2&isAllowed=y

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20150903-24

In vitro antifungal activity of antipsychotic drugs and their combinations withconventional antifungals against Scedosporium and Pseudallescheria isolates

M Homa, L Galgóczy, E Tóth, L Tóth… - Medical …, 2015 - mmy.oxfordjournals.org

抗真菌活性/antifungal activity

2015/09/03

Abstract In the present study, in vitro antifungal activities of five antipsychotic drugs (i.e., chlorpromazine hydrochloride, CPZ;trifluoperazine hydrochloride, TPZ; amantadine hydrochloride; R-(-)-deprenyl hydrochloride, and valproic acid sodium salt) and fiveconventional antifungal drugs (i.e., amphotericin B, AMB; caspofungin, CSP; itraconazole; terbinafine, TRB and voriconazole, VRC) wereinvestigated in broth microdilution tests against four clinical and five environmental Scedosporium and Pseudallescheria isolates. When usedalone, phenothiazines CPZ and TPZ exerted remarkable antifungal effects. Thus, their in vitro combinations with AMB, CSP, VRC, and TRBwere also examined against the clinical isolates. In combination with antifungal agents, CPZ was able to act synergistically with AMB andTRB in cases of one and two isolates, respectively. In all other cases, indifferent interactions were revealed. Antagonism was not observedbetween the tested agents. These combinations may establish a more effective and less toxic therapy after further in vitro and in vivostudies for Scedosporium and Pseudallescheria infections.

（仮訳）Scedosporium属およびPseudallescheria属分離株に対する抗精神病薬およびその常用抗菌薬との組み合わせのin vitroでの抗真菌活性

http://mmy.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2015/08/26/mmy.myv064.abstractURL

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20150903-25

Novel in vivo observations on double acting points of luliconazole on Trichophytonrubrum: an ultrastructural study

K Wakumoto-Nakashima, N Yamada… - Medical …, 2015 - mmy.oxfordjournals.org

走査型電子顕微鏡/SEM, 透過型電子顕微鏡/TEM, 皮膚糸状菌/dermatophyte

2015/09/03

Abstract Scales from lesional skin of 12 patients with tinea pedis were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmissionelectron microscopy (TEM) to gain an insight into the spatial and morphological changes of dermatophytes after application of a clinicaldosage of topical luliconazole 1% cream (Lulicon® cream 1%). In all cases, Trichophyton rubrum was identified. The scales from the lesionscollected before and after topical luliconazole application were fixed with glutaraldehyde and subjected to SEM and TEM. For SEM, fixedspecimens were first placed in 1N-KOH and then post-fixed and observed. SEM showed a swollen appearance of fungal hyphae as an earlychange, and then shrinkage of them showing a flattened and twisted appearance as a later change. TEM showed cell wall alterations withinitial development of and accumulation of a granular structure in the outermost layer and subsequent amorphous and electron-lucentchange of the thickened inner part of the cell wall. This is the first report of dramatic morphological changes of T. rubrum before and aftertopical luliconazole application in vivo demonstrated by SEM and TEM. We hypothesize that luliconazole has double acting points, on theplasma membrane and cell wall, of dermatophyte hyphae.

（仮訳）Trichophyton rubrumに対するルリコナゾールの二重作用点の新規in vivo観察：超微細構造の研究

http://mmy.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2015/08/26/mmy.myv058.abstractURL

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20150903-26

Barcoding and species recognition of opportunistic pathogens in Ochroconis andVerruconis

K Samerpitak, AHGG Van Den Ende, JB Stielow… - Fungal Biology, 2015 - Elsevier

2015/09/03

Abstract The genera Ochroconis and Verruconis (Sympoventuriaceae, Venturiales) have remarkably high molecular diversity despiterelatively high degrees of phenotypic similarity. Tree topologies, inter-specific and intra-specific heterogeneities, barcoding gaps andreciprocal monophyly of all currently known species were analyzed. It was concluded that all currently used genes viz. SSU, ITS, LSU, ACT1,BT2 and TEF1 were unable to reach all ‘gold standard’ criteria of barcoding markers. They could nevertheless be used for reasonably reliableidentification of species, because the markers, although variable, were associated with large inter-specific heterogeneity. Of the codingprotein-genes, ACT1 revealed highest potentiality as barcoding marker in mostly all parts of the investigated sequence. SSU, LSU, ITS andACT1 yielded consistent monophyly in all investigated species, but only SSU and LSU generated clear barcoding gaps. For phylogeny, LSUwas an informative marker, suitable to reconstruct gene-trees showing correct phylogenetic relationships. Cryptic species were revealedespecially in complexes with very high intra-specific variability. When all these complexes will be taxonomically resolved, ACT1 will probablyappear to be the most reliable barcoding gene for Ochroconis and Verruconis.

（仮訳）日和見感染菌、Ochroconis属およびVerruconis属のバーコーディングと種認識

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878614615001476URL

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new species of minutisphaera

new family

collected minutisphaera

new species fromnorth

nakajima cc

dothideomycetes andevaluate

fromatsushi nakajima

type species