untitled
TRANSCRIPT
TEN BIGIDEAS
t's early days yet, in the life of a new
Igovernment. The voters have played their part by finally getting rid of a
catastrophically inept and almost certainly corrupt president. It is now time for our new leaders to play theirs.Political life is generally characterized by high hopes rapidly followed by crushing disappointment. And if this is to be our fate, then why not be disappointed by failure to achieve lofty goals? There's
honour in failing while tackling the impossible. Failing at small potatoes, on the other hand, is a destroyer of the soul.Cliches are sometimes useful, so lets employ a few. Go big or go home. Shoot for the moon. Swing for the rafters. Or, as the impossibly ambitious motto of Modakeke High School declares, aut optimum at nihil: Either the best or nothing.
AGENDANigeria
TEN BIG IDEAS: AN AMBITIOUS AGENDA FOR NIGERIA’S NEW LEADERSBY DELE OLOJEDE
SO, HERE ARE MY TEN BIG IDEAS FOR THE NEXT TEN YEARS:
e have gas fields holding Wdeposits that are pre�y
much inexhaus�ble for our
domes�c purposes for the next several
genera�ons. Pipe it across the country
from the coast, to fuel new power
plants. I will not go so far as to say forget
about coal and hydro and solar and
wind— those are useful too, but with the
excep�on of coal, are largely bou�que
opera�ons, at least for our immediate
needs. Those should be pursued by local
authori�es for the purpose of plugging
gaps in the system. Gas is cheap; gas is
environmentally be�er than coal, and
we have enough of it to power the whole
of West Africa, of which more later.
And then we need a new grid. The other
big gap in our plans to generate and
deliver enough power to the economy is
an an�quated grid that currently can't
carry adequate power where it's
needed— even if we manage to
generate what we need.
Layered on top of that grid should be a
dense fibre op�c network, delivering
blisteringly fast connec�vity— the
lifeblood of the modern economy— to
all parts of the country. Let's make
bandwidth a commodity— a cheap,
ubiquitous commodity— and set the
people free. It removes one big obstacle
to unleashing the ingenuity of our young
popula�on. We have no telecoms legacy.
We leapt straight to digital mobile from
almost no fixed lines. We oldies won't
necessarily know what to do, but the
youngsters know, believe me. Free
them. Let freedom ring. From the
towering plateaus of Adamawa to the
mangrove swamps of the Delta, let
freedom ring.
And finally possibly the most important
of the Four Lines— a railroad network
built substan�ally from scratch. Hire a
rail czar. Set a big objec�ve for our
country to build 10,000 kilometers of
railroad over the next 10 years. We have
enough financial engineers to figure out
how to pay for it. We need real engineers
to build it. Let's not be stupid. Let's go
find them wherever on the blessed
planet they happen to be. Put hundreds
of thousands of Nigerians to work laying
steel and wood and clearing forests and
surmoun�ng ravines. Work 24 hours a
day with three-shi� crews. Measure
progress daily, weekly, monthly and
y e a r l y. L e t t h e w h o l e c o u n t r y
collaborate, for a change, in building
something substan�al together.
Start work crews in Maiduguri and
Calabar and Lagos and Sokoto. More
than 100 years ago the Sultan pleaded
with the Brits to bypass Sokoto as the old
colonial rail line sneaked up from the
coast, fearful that it would bring
unwelcome modernity and rank
degenerates to his domain. The result is
that the line terminated at Kaura
Namoda. Sokoto became a backwater,
largely economically isolated and
subsequently it withered on the vine.
Ci�es such as Kano and Maiduguri, plus
the upstart Kaduna, soon surpassed
Sokoto in importance. Today Sokoto has
a few baobabs and a Sultan. Who cares
about baobabs and Sultans? Set the
people free. Give them a chance to make
a living and educate their children. Bring
a new express train to Sokoto (and to
Mambilla Plateau and my good old
hometown of Modakeke.) Connect the
whole of our country. Move people and
goods cheaply and safely. Put the people
to work. 10,000 kilometers in 10 years.
Go big. Do something useful. Don't be a
stupid poli�cian. Be a builder. Lead.
FOUR LINES TO HEAVEN
BUILD THE FOUR LINES
FROM WHICH WILL RISE
A MODERN, WEALTHY
COUNTRY: GAS LINES,
GRID LINES, FIBRE LINES
AND RAIL LINES.
“
hen Kennedy saw the Russians send the Sputnik Winto space, the young president boldly
announced that America was going to put man
on the moon within a decade. Was he absolutely certain this
was achievable? No. Instead, he knew he led a country with a
can-do spirit, and if you set the goal large enough and
impossible enough, the humans of America (of that �me)
would find a way to achieve it. Within seven years of the
speech, Neil Armstrong took 'one small step for man; a giant
leap for mankind.'
So how about this rela�vely modest proposal? President
Buhari should go out on a limb and announce that every
Nigerian man, woman and child, in every village and every
hamlet, in every town and every city, will be biometrically
iden�fiable in a giant data base within the next four years. He
should then hire the people, and recruit the allies and
collaborators, to deliver this biometric na�onal ID card to
every Nigerian. The Indians are a�emp�ng it right now. But
we are be�er than the Indians! We are be�er, certainly, than
the retrograde Americans and Europeans and can leapfrog
every na�on to establish without a doubt who we are, how
many we are, where we live, what our ages are, what we do,
and thus unlock the door to progress.
A na�onal biometric ID for every 180 million of us changes
everything. Put simply, it means we are no longer flying blind.
It means we know for sure how many children will enter the
school system next year and the year a�er. It means we can
measure. This is the biggest of all Big Data. We will know how
many have prostate cancer or live in the ci�es or �ll the soil or
work in the government. It will mean the end of ghost
workers and ghost hospitals. My friends in Kaduna, racing at
warp speed to rescue their state, just recently discovered
en�re ghost schools, complete with ghost principals and
teachers, but somehow earning cold hard cash. It may be true
that there's no magic bullet on earth, but this is as close as
you are going to get to one.
Impact on the banking system and availability of credit?
Immeasurable. Crime preven�on and control? Planning for
public housing or mass transit or public health? Government
transparency? Elec�on integrity? Please, people. This is a no-
brainer. Sure there are poten�al downsides, especially
around privacy. But we are smart enough to figure out how to
mi�gate that. See clearly what is before you. We can have at
DIGITAL NATION
...LEAPFROG EVERY NATION TO ESTABLISH
WITHOUT A DOUBT WHO WE ARE, HOW
MANY WE ARE, WHERE WE LIVE, WHAT
OUR AGES ARE, WHAT WE DO, AND THUS
UNLOCK THE DOOR TO PROGRESS.
“
“
least 99% of Nigerians biometrically iden�fied by the
�me the next elec�on rolls around. And that is in less
than four years.
Impossible, you say? Wrong. Do the math. We are
approximately 180 million people (we will know for
sure a�er this exercise.) The electoral commission
already can posi�vely iden�fy around 80 million of
us. The banks have another 50 million or so, from the
recent mandatory account verifica�on exercise.
Much of the sprawling federal civil service also has,
what, another 3 or four million? Then you have the
inept na�onal ID agency, which has managed to issue
fewer than 10 million over the past 30 years. (The
agency officials recently rushed to the president's
office to issue him his very own ID, completely
missing the irony.)
If you put it all together, that's roughly 150 million
instances of posi�ve iden�fica�on. Now let us
assume there is significant overlap, say of 50 million,
right now, today, you already have 100 million
Nigerians you can posi�vely iden�fy, without a
shadow of doubt. You just didn't know you could.
Integrate all these databases. Then over the next four
years use the law to roll in those outside the system.
Every school enrollment, every a�empt to register a
business or buy an air �cket or get on an Ekene Dili
Chukwu bus, or check into a hotel or a hospital, or
receive fer�lizer from agric support workers, or
obtain a loan or drive a motor vehicle— all will
require a na�onal ID. You may not even need four
years to cover 99% of your popula�on. Recruit
Google as a collaborator if you must. Or Microso�. Or
my friends toiling diligently in the fields all over India.
Don't stand guilty of pusillanimity. Kennedy put man
on the moon, but only a�er he was already dead. This
you can do in your life�mes. Act now. Don't be a
disgrace to coming genera�ons of African people.
To deploy another useful cliche, this is a GAME
CHANGER.
he president and his new cabinet (where is the Teconomic team??) should set a target of achieving a per
capita GDP of $10,000 over the next 25 years— or 10%
GDP growth per year for the next 25 years. Think about it; if you
did this, no one could ever accuse you, ever again, of being low-
life, dissembling, unambi�ous poli�cians. This is the big one,
people. Clear goals concentrate the mind, and extended
concentra�on yields solu�ons. Figure it out. Faithfully
implemen�ng 'Four Lines To Heaven' (Big Idea #1) is
guaranteed to get you there.
Don't be afraid to go out on a limb. We need this more than
anything, because here, my fellow ci�zens, we are talking
about li�ing 100 million people out of absolute poverty. We all
know, or should know, that poverty is man-made, and so is
wealth. Read Karl Popper. But read Armatya Sen too. Assemble
the people who can get this done, whether Nigerian or not. Do
not mistake the means for the end. Poverty is a crime against
humanity. Each day that extreme poverty is not being single-
mindedly eliminated from the beloved country is each day that
our leaders are commi�ng a crime. Come on, people. Are we
not now Nigerians? Do we lack the balls to solve gigan�c
problems? Stealing oil money is cheap. Giving a child a chance
to grow to his fullest poten�al, now that is a job for real men
(and many more real women
TURBOCHARGE
THE ECONOMY
DUMP OILDUMP OIL
et out of the oil business, now. GThe government, for our
purposes and in recogni�on of
our circumstances, should get the hell
out of oil. The cheap money has
poisoned us. Perspec�ve has been lost,
though not irretrievably. There are
stories of $700m in cash being found in
the home of the former oil minister.
Credible allega�ons abound of billions
of dollars stolen, perhaps as much as
$150 billion over the last 10 years from
the oil sector alone. We have enough
wealth to go round if only we have some
bold leaders. We wouldn't need Save
The Children to deliver mosquito nets to
our villages because we can already
afford it— if we don't steal the money
first.
Here is my logic: oil is a commodity, like
wheat, or groundnuts or rice or
tanzanite. Why is the government not in
the bread business? Or the tanzanite
business? Or the orange juice business?
Or the pork bellies business? There is
nothing special about oil! Apple is not in
the oil business, and Apple has cash
reserves of $150 billion. Nigeria, in
totality, has cash reserves of about $40
billion. Wake up! Oil is killing you. Get
out while you s�ll can. Spin off the
na�onal oil company, the NNPC, and list
it in London. Force it to follow the rules.
London is admi�edly crooked, but not
quite as crooked as Abuja and Port
Harcourt. Sell off your other joint
venture assets via auc�on. That includes
your half of NLNG, the giant gas concern,
which alone gives you some $40 billion
in cash. Roll the cash into implemen�ng
'Four Lines To Heaven.' Read Ibn
Khaldoun's 'The Muqaddimah.' Heed my
words, O King. Tax the oil company. And
you don't need to tax them any more
than they are taxed in various countries,
including what the US government calls
the 'windfall tax,' for when the oil gusher
is really pumping cash. Tax the sector as
any other business. You will a�ract more
investment and your tax revenues will
leap. You will make more money than
you are doing now, and also, just as
important, you will drain the swamp.
Crooked people always end up being in
charge no ma�er what you do. The cash
is too free, too large, and too temp�ng.
Under its influence, even good people
don't remain good for long. Shut down
that pipe.
This takes real courage to do, Mr.
President, because it goes against your
own ins�nct and experience from 40
years ago. It also is difficult because all
your allies will be whispering in your
ears, sounding all sweet and reasonable,
using such stock phrases as “na�onal
interest,” “commanding heights” of the
economy, “local control,” “na�onal
des�ny,” “strategic sector.” You may
safely dismiss all of this nonsense. These
are people who by and large are thinking
'It's Our Turn To Eat,' to borrow the �tle
of John Githongo's book about poli�cal
corrup�on in Kenya. Oil by itself alone
means nothing to us, Mr. President. It is
not the end that we seek, only one
means of ge�ng there. Our objec�ve is
to have the resources to build our
ci�zens, real ci�zens, so that they in turn
can build a real country. Our objec�ve is
not to control oil, but to generate the
revenue from that and numerous other
sources so we can accelerate the efforts
to modernize our country. Oil is no more
important than roasted plantain; you
just make more money from it more
quickly. Be a regulator. Be a very good
(and wise) regulator. Do not be a
regulator and an operator at the same
�me. No ma�er your good inten�ons,
you will never be able to rise above that
inherent contradic�on. Again, I implore
you to read Ibn Khaldoun. I am happy to
send you a copy.
DUMP OIL
et's state this very clearly: it is insane to centralise ALL Lpolicing func�ons. How do you fight burglary, rape,
noise, sanita�on viola�on, illegal occupa�on, traffic
viola�on, pickpockets and neighbourhood gangs, from a
command and control centre in the federal capital?
Policing is a local func�on. It belongs at the local level, just as
most of its du�es at the moment are actually cons�tu�onally
allocated to local authori�es. Burglary is not a federal
func�on. Nor is trespassing. Let us, carefully but not
ponderously slowly, return most policing func�ons to state
governments. The best and cleanest way to do this, perhaps,
is simply to dissolve the current Nigerian Police department,
and send its various components to the states where they are
already deployed. The government of a state should have law
enforcement capabi l i�es ( in addi�on to taxa�on
responsibili�es), without which it cannot be properly called a
government. In colonial �mes and the first five years or so of
independence, policing func�ons resided almost en�rely at
the local level. Our history of military coups has centralised
everything and debased the system.
Some will argue that this might be too vola�le, that we have
too many demented state governors and sundry potentates,
and they will simply use police to repress their opponents. I
say, perhaps. But we are not without means. First, let's run a
pilot in two obvious territories, Lagos and Abuja, maybe
Kaduna too. Vest policing func�ons fully in the respec�ve
governments. Lets see how things work out over three years,
then set another five years to slowly transfer the police
apparatus to the remaining state governments, based on a
readiness cer�fica�on by the a�orney general. Second, let
the centre legally retain claw-back powers in cases of
egregious abuse. In other words, upon the cer�fica�on of the
a�orney general, the federal government can legally
(re)assume direct control of the police in a par�cular state
where extraordinary abuse of police powers has been
established. You could also subject the a�orney general's
cer�fica�on to a valida�on by a federal appeals court panel,
to prevent poten�al abuse even by the a�orney general.
Some may recall that, at the height of the civil rights
movement in 1960s United States, the a�orney general
(Robert Kennedy) 'federalized' the na�onal guards (normally
under control of the state governor) when some governors in
the south (Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia, among others)
openly disobeyed court rulings to let black students a�end
university with whites. One of the more famous pictures from
the era is of my sister Charlayne Hunter-Gault, the long�me
New York Times, CNN, and New Yorker Magazine
correspondent, who can be seen in those old black and white
photos being escorted to class by federalized guards at the
University of Georgia :Dignified, beau�ful African woman
braving the feral dogs of white supremacy.
What we need is nothing less than a complete refurbishment
of the state, so that it can work for the ordinary ci�zen. We
can do this. Or else we can tell the same old stories of
impotence to our grandchildren in 10 years �me.
RETURN TO LOCAL POLICE
bet many people are just finding out Ifor the first �me, as the new cabinet
is slowly assembled, that the
cons�tu�on requires the president to
choose at least one cabinet minister
from each of the 36 states of the
federa�on.
Each �me I reflect upon this, I have new
respect for the many talents of my
country for self-injury. Naturally,
Nigerian poli�cians, fashioned from the
same crooked s�ck as poli�cians
everywhere, have taken full advantage
of this to name unwieldy cabinets the
size of all soccer players in the English
Premier League combined. A number of
years ago I was part of a team from the
Aspen Ins�tute that presided over a
two-day leadership seminar for
President Olusegun Obasanjo's second
term cabinet. My friend Nasir El-Rufai,
then minister of the federal capital and
now governor of Kaduna State, had
asked us to do it. Now a typical Aspen
leadership seminar is designed as a
Socra�c dialogue among 20-25 people
si�ng at a round table as if at Plato's
Academy in Athens, with ideas bouncing
back and forth like a ping pong— “a
dialogue, not a monologue,” as my old
friend Keith Berwick is fond of saying.
But Obasanjo showed up with 76
cabinet and cabinet-level officers in an
auditorium, with himself at the high
table, pon�fica�ng for two long days.
Clearly a cabinet of 76 is no cabinet at all.
Let us do the sensible thing and slash the
cabinet to no more that 18 ministers. We
should of course remove the offending
cons�tu�onal provision but, this being a
cumbersome process, we can in the
m e a n � m e d e c l a r e m a n y k e y
departments as cabinet-level agencies
without in reality being actually part of
the cabinet, as a workaround. The
cabinet should be built for delibera�on
and for se�ng priori�es in the execu�ve
branch. It should not be a bazaar of
dozens of people mee�ng once a week
for the purpose, as it has been thus far,
of ra�fying contracts and preening for
the presiden�al affec�on. The old
western region, roughly one-quarter of
the country, was run by 12 ministers and
a premier, and they delivered free
educa�on and built probably the most
egalitarian corner of our country. Now
we have a central government with high
officials and 'honorables' coming out the
wazoo, and 36 state governments with
hundreds and thousands of 'big man'
officials complete with police outriders
and flashing blue lights and wailing
sirens, the best to impress the wretched
mul�tudes.
Can we just calm down and drama�cally
shrink everything? Look for the smartest
people, and let them run things, without
caring too much whether they speak
Igbo or come from the savannah.
Geography is not des�ny. Keep the goal
clearly in front of you. Are you trying to
educate children? Does it ma�er if the
math teacher is from Ghana? Are you
trying to fly a plane from Calabar to
Kano? Does it ma�er if the pilot is from
Kafanchan? Is the Central Bank governor
highly competent and of sound mind
and character? Does it ma�er if he is
Kanuri?
We shouldn't even have to be discussing
this, but here we are, a benighted and
slightly deranged people trying migh�ly
now (I hope) to get themselves together.
About four years or so ago my wife and I
were invited to the carnival in Rio. Our
hosts threw a nice lunch party at their
splendid apartment overlooking
Ipanema beach. One of the guests was
the Brazilian Central Bank governor. He
was not Brazilian. Gov. El-Rufai has a
couple of Yoruba guys among his senior
aides. He's been under a�ack ever since
for selling the “indigenes” short.
In principle it is preferable to create the
percep�on and, where possible, the
reality of having people from all parts of
our country par�cipa�ng in all spheres
of na�onal life. But this should be a
poli�cally enforceable proposi�on, not a
legally mandated one. The first ques�on
always should be, is the person the best
available for the job? Luckily for us this is
not hard at all. We have talent from
every nook and every cranny of the
beloved country— and millions more in
the Diaspora crea�ng a huge pool of
talent. The US Census bureau reports
t h at N i ge r i a n - b o r n o r N i ge r i a n
descended people in the United States
are the best educated group in the
country, producing per capita people
with more bachelor and graduate
degrees, including PhDs. We have no
shortage of talent if we care to look for it.
The problem is that many people, not
having the requisite diversified social
networks, make too li�le effort to seek
such talent. A lot of people from
southern Nigeria, especially the Lagos
crowd, are guilty of this myopia. Seek,
and ye shall find. Several years ago when
we were trying to build the leadership as
well as other staff of NEXT newspaper,
Amma and I were determined to have
many women running things, in addi�on
to having editors and reporters from all
parts of the country and of a l l
backgrounds, familial and academic. We
achieved something around 40 percent
women, including the editor of the
paper, who also happened to be a Fulani
woman from Kano. We did not have to
sweat too much to get her. We had a
network of friends who naturally
suggested candidates who were from all
over. In this par�cular case, thank you,
William Wallis, for bringing Kadaria
Ahmed to our a�en�on.
SCRAP 'FEDERAL CHARACTER'
liminate all visa or residency requirements for all EECOWAS ci�zens. Allow a completely free flow of
people and goods in our West Africa region. A
poten�al megalopolis of hundreds of millions of people is
already responding to the gravita�onal pull of Lagos along
the coast as far west as Abidjan. Make it a reality. Be bold. If
you are a li�le queasy in the stomach try this for three years
ini�ally and see what tweaks are required. Then go hell for
leather and remove these ar�ficial and ruinous border posts.
Create a single ECOWAS market. You don't necessarily need
to create a single Eco currency. The Nigerian naira, backed by
Africa's largest economy, will be the de facto exchange
instrument anyhow (while preserving the authority of local
central banks to respond to excep�onal situa�ons,
something that could have saved Greece.) While you are at it,
begin construc�on of a Dakar to Douala coastal railway.
You might want to consider going even bigger. Offer
ci�zenship to all Diaspora Africans, par�cularly targe�ng
African Americans, at least those who would like to have it.
Dual ci�zenship is legal in America and Nigeria. Use it. You will
have a powerful cons�tuency in the world's most powerful
country. You will have a steady inflow of talented and
entrepreneurial people. Grant them the 40 acres and a mule,
even if only metaphorically. They are descended from these
parts anyway, so what right do we have to deny them their
birthright? Besides, with such a natural cons�tuency, it would
be hard for the US government to screw with you. Think
Israel. Play smart. It's a win-win.
SET THE PEOPLE FREE
ccount for every square cen�metre of land in the en�re Aterritory of the federal republic. Issue cer�ficates of
occupancy to all iden�fiable land owners. End the
vagueness of communally held land and its capacity to generate
endless dispute and violence. Where a community, rather than an
individual or corporate body, does historically lay claim to the
land, create trusts to legally hold the property. A na�onwide
electronic geographic informa�on system will do more than end
violent disputes and endless court cases; it puts money in people's
pockets by making land easily fungible. My father's house in
Modakeke is worth almost nothing because there is no legal �tle
to it. So is my friend Nosa Igiebor's 1,000-hectare family land in
Benin. Read or reread Hernando DeSoto's 'Mystery of Capital.' It
was relevant yesterday; it is even more so today. Don't make a
mockery of most families' principal asset when this can be turned
into wealth. It is rela�vely easily done. My friend Nasir El-Rufai
accomplished this in Abuja, when he was federal minister of the
Federal Capital territory from 2003-2007. Now that he is governor
of Kaduna State, he's planning to do the same thing. Land is a state
issue, so the federal government can nudge the laggards in the
right direc�on by crea�ng a fund to underwrite electronic land
registra�on for any state that needs help. Stop manufacturing
mass poverty and do the right thing.
THIS LAND IS MY LAND (REALLY)
THIS LAND IS
MY LAND (REALLY)
lease, tone down the big man show. It has worn thin. You don't need a 10-car Pconvoy to move around, accompanied by a thousand police officers. You can fly
economy domes�cally and your spouse will s�ll love you. Carry your own bag.
You don't need to jump the queue at the airport. Stop calling yourselves honourable or
excellency. Let us judge, at the end of your tenure, whether you have been excellent or
honourable. Bring more young people into the highest reaches of government. The
rest of the world knows that your best trained people aged 35-45 are in the sweet spot
for maximum produc�vity. I am older than Barack Obama and David Cameron and
Ma�eo Renzi. Stop this ageist nonsense, my fellow golden oldies. We need high energy
and crea�vity and an ins�nc�ve feel for how today's world works. Our smart young
talent, given massive responsibili�es right now, will be in a posi�on to run the whole
thing in four years' �me.
NEITHER HONOURABLE NOR EXCELLENT BEFORETHE FACT
FOCUS ON SYSTEMICALLY
IMPORTANT ISSUES
his is far more rewarding than dissipa�ng energy on the small stuff. It doesn't take you away Tfrom figh�ng corrup�on or securing the ci�zen against the scourge of casual violence, or
fixing schools or stocking the village dispensary. You can walk and talk at the same �me. I
was going to say you can talk and chew gum at the same �me, but Dr Joe Abbah objected once on
the basis that that it might not present a pre�y picture (he may have used the word 'disgus�ng.').
We have the outlines of a cabinet now. On the surface it doesn't look like the world's strongest
cabinet but there are enough ponies in there to start galvanizing the country in a certain exci�ng
direc�on. There are talented men and women in there. Let's seek perfec�on by all means, but
progress is nothing to be sniffed at either. I can't believe that I find myself quo�ng Donald Rumsfeld,
but it is true that you go to war with the army you've got. Make this moment count. Get to work, my
friends. Lead wisely and well, and we will follow.
Also, try to have dinner most nights with your family and stop lurching from one poli�cal mee�ng
to the other at all hours of night and day. Leave room for slow thinking on an early morning walk.
Read for fun. Learn to play golf. Be exemplary ci�zens and we will take our cue from you.
Prac�ce resurrec�on.
1. FOUR LINES TO HEAVEN 2. DIGITAL NATION3. TURBOCHARGE THE ECONOMY 4. DUMP OIL5. RETURN TO LOCAL POLICE 6. SCRAP 'FEDERAL CHARACTER' 7. SET THE PEOPLE FREE 8. THIS LAND IS MY LAND (REALLY) 9. NEITHER HONOURABLE NOR EXCELLENT BEFORE THE FACT 10: FOCUS ON SYSTEMICALLY IMPORTANT ISSUES
10BIG IDEASOVER TEN YEARS