1

Answer all questionJawab semua soalan

Sphere and oval shapeBerbentuk sfera atau bujur

Consists of genetic materialsMengandungi bahan genetic

Control cell division processMengawal proses pembahagian sel

1. The information above explain about organelleMaklumat di atas menerangkan tentang organel

A Cell wallDinding sel

C NucleusNucleus

` B LysosomeLisosom

D RibosomeRibosom

2. Which of the organelles produces adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?Organel yang manakah yang menghasilkan adenosine trifosfat (ATP)?

A RibosomeRibosom

C Golgi apparatusJasad golgi

B MitochondrionMitokondria

D Endoplasmic reticulumEndoplasmic reticulum

3. The diagram 1 shows an animal cell.Rajah 1 menunjukkan satu sel haiwan.

Diagram 1 // Rajah 1

Organelles X is found in abundance in the cell. What is X?Organel X padat dijumpai di dalam sel ini. Apakah X?

A B C D

the process.Diagram 2

2

4. Diagram 2 shows a process carried out by an Amoeba sp.Rajah 2 menunjukkan satu proses dilakukan oleh satu Amoeba sp.

Food particles Pseudopodium

NameNamakan proses ini.

A binary fissionbelahan dedua

C diffusionresapan

B phagocytosisfagositosis

D osmoregulationosmoregulasi

5. Diagram 3 shows three different types of muscle M, N and O.Rajah 3 menunjukkan tiga jenis otot yang berbeza, M, N dan O.

M N ODiagram 3/Rajah 3

Which of the following body structures or organs contain muscles M, N or O?Manakah yang berikut struktur badan dan organ mengandungi otot M, N atau O?

3

M N O

A Bicep muscleOtot bisep

HeartJantung

IntestineUsus

B Tricep muscleOtot trisep

StomachPerut

OesophagusEsofagus

C HeartJantung

ArteryArteri

Bicep muscleOtot bisep

D Tricep muscleOtot trisep

IntestineUsus

HeartJantung

6. Diagram 4 shows four different organs in the human body.Rajah 4 menunjukkan empat organ yang berbeza di dalam badan manusia.

Diagram 4/Rajah 4

Which of the organs form the human excretory system?Organ yang manakah membentuk system perkumuhan manusia?

A I, II and III onlyI, II dan III sahaja

C I, III and IV onlyI, III dan IV sahaja

B I, II and IV onlyI, II dan IV sahaja

D II, III and IV onlyII, III dan IV sahaja

7. Cell membrane consists mainly ofMembran sel mengandungi terutamanya

A Carbohydrate bilayer and proteinDwilapisan karbohidrat dan protein

B protein bilayer and phospholipidsDwilapisan protein dan fosfolipid

C lipid bilayer and proteinsDwilapisan lipid dan protein

D protein bilayer and carbohydrateDwilapisan protein dan karbohidrat

4

8. Diagram 5 shows a movement of ions across the plasma membrane. Name the process.Rajah 5 menunjukkan pergerakkan ion merentasi mambran plasma. Namakan proses ini.

Diagram 5 / Rajah 5A Flaccid

flasid

B CrenationKrenasi

C Active transportpengangkutan aktif

D Passive transport pengangkutan pasif

9. Digram 6 shows a red blood cell after has been immerse in a hypertonic solution.Rajah 6 menunjukkan sel darah merah selepas direndam di dalam larutan hipertonik.

Diagram 6 / Rajah 6

Which of the statement explain the phenomena?Kenyataan yang manakah menerangkan fenomena ini?

A water molecules move out from the red blood cellmolekul air bergerak keluar dari sel darah merah

B water molecule move into the red blood cellmolekul air bergerak masuk ke dalam sel darah merah

C glucose molecule move out from the red blood cellmolekul glukosa bergerak keluar dari sel darah merah

D glucose molecule move into the red blood cellmolekul air bergerak masuk ke dalam sel darah merah

akan membengkak akan mengecut

B No change occurred.Tiada perubahan berlaku

D will burstakan meletus

5

10. Diagram 7 shows a strip of a mustard green after it has been immersed in solution Z.Rajah 7 menunjukkan satu jalur sawi selepas direndam di dalam larutan Z.

Epidermis

What is solution Z?Apakah larutan Z?

Diagram 7 / Rajah 7

A 0.1% salt solution0.1% larutan garam

C 1.5% sucrose solution1.5% larutan sukrosa

B Distilled waterair suling

D 30% sucrose solution30% larutan sukrosa

11. Diagram 8 shows the visking tube which filled with distilled water and soaked into salt solution.Rajah 8 menunjukkan tiub visking yang diisikan dengan air suling dan direndam ke dalam larutan garam

Beaker

Salt Solution

Visking Distilled

Diagram 8 / Rajah 8After 20 minutes the visking tube……..Selepas 20 minit,tiub visking akan……..

A will swell. C will shrunk

12. Diagram 9 shows the structure of a plant cell before and after it has been immersed in solution P.Rajah 9 menunjukkan struktur sel tumbuhan sebelum dan selepas ia di rendam di dalam larutan P.

6

Diagram9 / Rajah 9

What is solution P and the process that takes place in the plant cell?Apakah larutan P ini dan proses yang berlaku dalam sel tumbuhan?

Solution P// Larutan P Process // prosesA Distilled water

Air sulingPlasmolysisPlasmolisis

B Distilled waterAir suling

DeplasmolysisDeplamolisis

C 10% sucrose solution10% larutan sukrosa

PlasmolysisPlasmolisis

D 15% sucrose solution15% larutan sukrosa

HaemolysisHemolisis

13 Which organelle synthesis lipid ?Organel manakah yang mensintesis lipid ?A Lysosom

Lisosom

B RibosomeRibosom

C MitochondriaMitokondrion

D Smooth Endoplasmic ReticulumJalinan Endoplasma Licin

7SULIT 4551/1

14 Diagram 10 shows a structure of plasma membrane.Rajah 10 menunjukkan struktur membran plasma.

X

Diagram 10Rajah 10

What is the function of X ?Apakah fungsi X?

A Act as the barrier to separate the inner and outer part of the cell.Sebagai penghalang yang mengasingkan bahagian dalam dan luar sel.

B Help to transport the substances in or out from the cell.Membantu mengangkut bahan masuk atau keluar dari membran sel.

C Stabilized and strengthen the plasma membrane to become more flexible,Menstabil dan menguatkan membran plasma supaya lebih fleksibel

D To prpvide fix shape for the cell.Memberi bentuk yang tetap kepada sel.

7

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15 Diagram 11 shows the apparatus set- up to investigate osmosis. X shows the initial level of the solution.Rajah 11 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji osmosis. X menunjukkan aras awal larutan.

X Initial level of solutionAras awal larutan

30% Sucrose solutionLarutan sukrosa 30%

WaterAir

Diagram 11 / Rajah 11

Which of following will be observed after 1 hour ?Antara yang berikut, yang manakah dapat diperhatikan selepas 1 jam ?

A C

X X

B D

X X

8

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16 Diagram 12 shows the apparatus set-up to demonstrate process X.Rajah 12 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menunjukkan proses X.

What is process X? Apakah proses X ?

Diagram 12/ Rajah 12

Cavity contain salt solutionKaviti mengandungi larutan garamPotato stripJalur kentangDistilled waterAir suling

A OsmosisOsmosis

C Simple diffusionResapan ringkas

B PlasmolysisPlasmolisis

D Facilitated diffusioResapan berbantu

17 Diagram 13 shows organelles involved in the production and secretion of anextracellular enzyme.Rajah 13 menunjukkan organel yang terlibat di dalam penghasilan dan perembesan enzim luar sel.

R

Diagram 13Rajah 13

What would happen to the process if R is absent?Apakah yang akan berlaku kepada proses tersebut sekiranya R tiada?

A Proteins are not modifiedProtein tidak diubahsuai

C Proteins are not synthesizedProtein tidak disintesiskan

BProteins are not transcriptedProtein tidak ditranskripsi

D Proteins are not secretedProtein tidak dirembeskan

9

10SULIT 4551/1

18 Diagram 14 shows the movement of glucose molecules through a plasma membrane.Rajah 14 menunjukkan pergerakan molekul-molekul glukosa melalui membran plasma

Glucoseglukosa

Diagram 14Rajah 14

Which conclusion could be obtained from diagram 6.Apakah kesimpulan yang boleh diperolehi daripada Rajah 6?

A Glucose moves by osmosisGlukosa bergerak secara osmosis

B Glucose moves by simple diffusionGlukosa bergerak secara resapan ringkas

C Glucose moves by facilitated diffusionGlukosa bergerak secara resapan berbantu

D Glucose moves by active transportGlukosa bergerak secara pengangkutan aktif

19 Diagram 14 shows a plant cell in an isotonic solutions.Rajah 14 menunjukkan sel tumbuhan di dalam larutan isotonic.

Diagram 14Rajah 14

Which diagram shows the cell after it has been immersed in a hypotonic solution ?Rajah manakah yang menunjukkan sel itu setelah direndam dalam larutan hipotonik ?

A C

B D

10

11SULIT 4551/1 20 Diagram 15 shows a human heart structure.

Rajah 15 menunjukkan struktur jantung manusia.

A

B C

D

Diagram 15Rajah 15

Which of the valves labelled A, B, C and D can prevent the backflow of the blood from the aorta to the left ventricles ?

Injap manakah berlabel A, B, C dan D yang dapat menghalang darah daripada berpatah balik daripada aorta ke ventrikel kiri ?

21 Diagram 16 shows a condition of a disease suffered by a boy.Gambar 16 menunjukkan keadaan penyakit yang dihadapi oleh seorang budak lelaki.

Diagram 16Rajah 16

11

12SULIT 4551/1

What types of immunity received by the boy after he recovers from the disease? Apakah jenis keimunan yang diperoleh oleh budak lelaki ini selepas ia sembuh daripada penyakitnya.

A Natural Acquired Active ImmunityKeimunan Aktif Semulajadi

B Artificial Acquired Active ImmunityKeimunan Aktif Buatan

C Natural Acquired Passive ImmunityKeimunan Pasif Semulajadi

D Artificial Acquired Passive Immunity Keimunan Pasif Buatan

22 Diagram 17 shows an experiment carried out to study the transport of food substances in a plant.Rajah 17 menunjukkan suatu eksperimen yang dijalankan untuk mengkaji pengangkutan bahan-bahan makanan dalam tumbuhan.

A ring of plant tissues were removedGegelang tisu tumbuhan dibuang

Before eksperimentSebelum eksperimen

After one weekSelepas seminggu

Diagram 17Rajah 17

A Water is transported from the roots to the leaves.Air diangkut daripada akar ke daun.

B Ringing has caused the dying of the xylem tissuesPenggelangan telah menyebabkan kematian tisu xylem.

C Ringing has removed all the transport system in the plantPenggelangan telah menyingkirkan semua sistem pengangkutan dalam tumbuhan.

D Swelling of the trunk is due to the accumulation of food substances above the ring.

Pembengkakan pada batang pokok disebabkan oleh penggumpulan bahan-bahan makanan di bahagian atas gegelang

12

13SULIT 4551/1

23 Diagram 18 is a graph showing the changes in the concentration of antibodies in the blood of a student after he was given an antiserum injection.Rajah 18 menunjukkan graf perubahan kepekatan antibodi dalam darah seorang pelajar selepas diberi suntikan antiserum.

Concentration of antibodies in the bloodKepekatan antibodi dalam darah

Injection Masa/mingguSuntikan Time/week

Diagram 18/Rajah 18

Which of the graphs A, B. C and D shows the changes in the concentration of antibodies in the blood after a period of time?Manakah bagi graf A, B, C dan D menunjukkan perubahan kepekatan antibodi dalamdarah selepas suatu tempoh masa tertentu?

24 A student accidently stepped on a rusty nail while playing in a field. He was given an antibodies tetanus injection.What kind of immunity will he develop?Seorang pelajar secara tidak sengaja terpijak ke atas paku berkarat semasa bermain di padang. Dia telah diberi suntikan antibodi tetanus.Apakah jenis keimunan yang dibina?

A Natural active immunityKeimunan aktif semulajadi

B Artificial active immunity .Keimunan aktif tiruan

C Natural passive immunityKeimunan pasif semulajadi

D Artificial passive immunity Keimuanan pasif tiruan

14SULIT 4551/1

25. Diagram 19 shows a process carried out by an Ameoba sp.

Rajah 19 menunjukkan suatu proses yang dijalankan oleh Ameoba sp.

Diagram 19Rajah 19

What is the process ?Apakah proses tersebut ?

A MeiosisMeiosis

C OsmoregulationPengosmokawalaturan

B Binary fissionBelahan dedua

D ConjugationKonjugasi

26. Diagram 20 shows one of the human tissues.Rajah 20 menunjukkan salah satu daripada tisumanusia

Diagram 20/Rajah 20

What organelle is found abundantly in the tissue ?Apakah organel paling banyak terdapat dalam tisu tersebut ?

A Golgi Apparatus C RibosomesJasad Golgi Ribosom

B MitochondriaMitokondria

D Endoplasmic reticulumJalinan endoplasma

15SULIT 4551/1

27.Which of the following describes a vein ?Yang manakah antara berikut menerangkan tentang vein ?

ValveInjap

Thickness of muscular wallKetebalan dinding berotot

A PresentAda

ThickTebal

B PresentAda

ThinNipis

C AbsentTiada

ThickTebal

D AbsentTiada

ThinNipis

28.Diagram 21 shows a cross section of a dicotyledonous stem.Rajah 21 menunjukkan keratan rentas bagi batang dikotiledon..

A

B

C

D

Diagram 21Rajah 21

Which of the parts A, B, C and D is phloem?Antara bahagian A, B C dan D, yang manakah merupakan floem ?

16SULIT 4551/1

29. Diagram 22 shows an open circulatory system of an arthropod .Rajah 22 menunjukkan sistem peredaran terbuka seekor artropoda

Tubular heartTiub jantung

X

Diagram 22 / Rajah 22

What is the colourless fluid found in X ?Apakah cecair tidak berwarna yang terdapat dalam X?

A Lymph fluid C HaemolymphBendalir limfa Hemolimfa

.B Plasma D Interstitial

fluidPlasma Bendalir tisu

30.Diagram 23 shows a type of a circulatory system.Rajah 23 menunjukkan sejenis sistem peredaran darah.

Diagram 23Rajah 23

Which organism has this type of circulatory system?Antara yang berikut yang manakah organisma yang mempunyai sistem peredaran darah ini?

A FishIkan

C BirdBurung

B FrogKatak

D WormCacing

17SULIT 4551/1

Bahagian B Jawab semua soalan di ruang yang disediakan

1.Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan satu model membran plasma. Diagram 1.1 shows a model of plasma membrane

Rajah 1.1

Diagram 1.1

(a) i. Namakan struktur yang berlabel P, Q dan R pada Rajah 1.1. Name the structures labelled P, Q and R at Diagram 1.1

[3 markah] ii. Terangkan proses yang berlaku pada R. Explain the process that occurs at R.

..................................................................................................................................... .....................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2 markah]

(b) Membran plasma ini telah didedahkan kepada racun respirasi. Pada pendapat anda, apakah kesan racun respirasi terhadap pengangkutan bahan di membran plasma?

The plasma membrane has been exposed to respirational poison. In your opinion, what is the effect of the respirational poison towards the transportation of substance across plasma membrane?

....................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................

[2 markah]

...………………………:R

...………………………:Q

...………………………:P

18SULIT 4551/1

. Larutan hipertonik adalah satu larutan yang mengandungi lebih bahan terlarut daripada sel yang diletakkan di dalamnya.

Larutan isotonik merupakan satu penyelesaian di mana jumlah yang sama bahan larut dan larutan itu boleh didapati di dalam dan di luar sel Larutan hipotonik adalah satu larutan yang mengandungi kurang bahan larut daripada sel yang diletakkan di dalamnya.

A hypotonic solution is a solution that contains less solute than the cell which is chloride on Q cell.

A hypertonic solution is a solution that contains more solute than the cell which is placed in it .

An isotonic solution is a solution in which the same amount of solute and solution is available inside and outside of the cell

. Satu kajian telah dijalankan untuk mengkaji kesan larutan natrium klorida berlainan kepekatan atas sel Q. A study has been done to investigate the effect of different concentration of natrium placed in it.

Rajah 1 dan Jadual 1 menunjukkan keputusan kajian tersebut. Diagram 1 and Table 1 shows the result from that study.

Cell Q

Diagram 1/Rajah 1

19SULIT 4551/1

Larutan Solution

Kepekatan NaCl(g/100cm3

)

Concentration of NaCl (g/100cm3)

Peratus sel yang mengecut dan meletus Percentage of crenated cell and haemolyse cell

Mengecut Crenated

Meletus Haemolyse

R 0.35 - 52 S 0.40 - 28 T 0.47 - - U 0.50 9 - V 0.50 35 - W 0.55 86 -

Table 1/Jadual 1i. Namakan sel Q.

Name cell Q ..........................................................................................................................

[1 markah]

ii. Berdasar Jadual 1, nyatakan kepekatan natrium klorida dalam plasma darah. Berikan sebab anda?

Based on Table 1, state the concentration of sodium chloride in the blood Plasma.. Give your reason?

................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. [2 markah]

iii. Sel Q telah dimasukkan ke dalam air suling. Pada pendapat anda, apakah

yang akan berlaku kepada sel Q?. Cell Q has been placed in distilled water. In your opinion, what will happen to cell Q?.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

20SULIT 4551/1

[2 markah]

2.Jantung manusia mempunyai jisim antara 250 dan 350 gram dan lebih kurang saiz satu penumbuk. Ia terletak di sebelah anterior turus vertebra dengan sternum. Septum adalah dinding pemisah di antara jantung bahagian kanan dan kiri.Nodus sinoatrium merupakan tisu yang menjana impuls (perentak jantung) yang terletak di atrium kanan jantung, dan dengan itu penjana ritma sinus yang normal.

The adult human heart has a mass of between 250 and 350 grams and is about the size of a fist. It is located anterior to the vertebral column and posterior to the sternum.The septumof the heart is the dividing wall between the right and left sides of the heart.The sinoatrial nodes is the impulse-generating tissue( pacemaker) located in the right atrium of the heart, and thus the generator of normal sinus rhythm.

i. Apakah kepentingan septum?What is the importance of septum?

............................................................................................................................. ......

............................................................................................................................ ....... [2 markah]

ii. Sekiranya nodus sinoatrium telah rosak, satu jenis perentak buatan boleh digunakan.Bagaimanakah perentak buatan berfungsi ?If the Sinoatrial node is impaired, an artificial pacemaker can be use. How does this pacemaker works?

…………………………………………………………………………………………

21SULIT 4551/1

…………………………………………………………………………………………

............................................................................................................................. ...........

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

[4 markah]

22SULIT 4551/1

iii. Apakah implikasi terhadap penggunaan perentak buatan berbanding nodus sinoatria?What is the implication of using the artificial pacemaker as compared to the

sinoatrial node.

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………… [3 markah]

Cadangkan langkah-langkah yang harus anda amalkan bagi mengurangkan risiko penyakit kardiovaskular.Suggest the steps that you should do to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………… [3 markah]

23SULIT 4551/1Bahagian C

Jawab semua soalan

1

Movement of substances across the plasma membrane in the cell is important for the continuity in life of organisms. The process helps to maintain a constant internal environment.Pergerakan bahan merentasi membran plasma di dalam sel adalahpenting untuk kemandirian hidup organisma. Proses ini mengekalkan persekitaran dalaman organism.

(a) (i)Explain the importance of plasma membrane for the survival of living organism.Terangkan kepentingan membran plasma untuk kemandirian organism hidup.

[4 marks] [4

markah]

(ii) Diagram 1.1 shows two types of transport of substances through plasma membrane.Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan dua jenis pengangkutan bahan melalui membran plasma.

Type 1Jenis 1

Type 2Jenis 2

Outside of cell Bahagian luar sel

Inside of cell Bahagian dalam sel

Diagram 1.1Rajah 1.1

24SULIT 4551/1

Explain the two types of transport of substances through plasma membrane shown in Diagram 1.Terangkan kedua-dua jenis pengangkutan bahan melalui membran plasma yang

ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 1.[6 marks]

[6 markah]

(b) A student carry out the experiment to determine the concentration of an external solution which is isotonic to the cell sap. The student immersed the potato strips in a different concentration of sugar in 30 minutes time.Diagram 1.2 shows graph plotted to show the change in mass against concentration of solution.Seorang pelajar menjalankan eksperimen untuk mengetahui kepekatan larutan diluar sel yang isotonik dengan kepekatan sap sel. Pelajar itu merendam jalur ubi kentang di dalam kepekatan larutan gula yang berbeza.Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan graf yang diplot untuk menunjukkan perubahan dalam jisim melawan kepekatan larutan

24

25SULIT 4551/1

(i) Based on the graph in Diagram 1.2, state the concentration of the solution that is isotonic to the cell sap Berdasarkan graf pada rajah 1.2, nyatakan kepekatan larutan yang isotonic kepada sel sap. [ 1 mark/ 1 markah]

(ii) Explain what happen to the cell at point P,Q dan R Terangkan apa yang berlaku terhadap sel di titik P,Q dan R [ 9 mark/ 9 markah]

25

26SULIT 4551/1

2 (a) Diagram 2.1 and 2.2 shows the stages in blood clotting.Rajah 2.1 dan 2.2 menunjukkan peringkat pembekuan darah.

Red blood cell Broken blood vessel wall

Platelet

Diagram 2.1Rajah 2.1

Activated platelet

Fibrin Clot

Diagram 2.2 Rajah 2.2

26

27SULIT 4551/1

Based on the diagram and on your biological knowledge, describe how the mechanism of blood clotting help to prevent infection when a wound occurs. Berdasarkan rajah dan pengetahuan biologi anda, huraikan bagaimana mekanism pembekuan darah.membantu untuk mengelakkan jangkitan apabila berlakunya luka.

[10 marks] [10 markah]

(b) The statement below describe the lymphatic systemPernyataan di bawah menerangkan sistem limfa.

Lacteals in interstinal villi transport products of lipidsLacteal di vilus mengangkut produk lipid

About 10% of interstitial fluid returns to the circulatory system via the lymphatic system.10 % cecair interstitial akan kembali ke sistemperedaran darah melalui sistem limfa.

Based on these statements, explain why the lymphatic system is considered complementary to the blood circulatory system.Berdasarkan pernyataan ini, terangkan kenapa sistem limfa dikatakan pelengkap kepada sistem peredaran darah.

[10 marks] [10 markah]

END OF QUESTION PAPER KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT

Disediakan oleh: Disemak oleh: Disahkan oleh:

…………………. ………………………. ……………………Nor Azian binti Ismail Paramisari a/p Chinan Shamsul Kamar bin Ahmad KP Sains PK Pentadbiran

27

28SULIT 4551/1

S KE MA BI OLOGI : S OA LA N 5

5. (i):

P1 – The septum prevents the oxygenated blood in left side of the blood from mixing with the deoxygenated blood in the right side of the heart. / Septum ini berfungsi untuk mengelakkan darah beroksigen pada bahagian jantung kiri bercampur dengan darah terdeoksigen pada bahagian jantung kanan.

P2 – This is to ensure that the enough amount of oxygen is supplied to the body cells. /Supaya oksigen yang meresap masuk ke dalam sel-sel mencukupi.

2 markah

(ii)

-The artificial pacemaker generates small amount of electrical charges.-The electrical charges stimulates the nerve impulses to be transmitted to the both atrium.-This cause both atria to contract simultaneously-The contraction of atria causes high pressure of blood in the atria-The impulses generated by sinoatrial node (SA node) reach the atrioventricular node (AVnode)-The AV node ensure that all blood in from the atria has entered the ventricles-The AV node relays the impulses to the bundle of His and the Purkinje fibres-The impulses than reach the apex of heart-The ventricles contract and cause the blood pressure to increase-Blood is pumped out of the heart

28

29SULIT 4551/1

-The pacemaker could be adjusted to pump 72 times per minutes as to ensure the normal blood flow.

-Perentak jantung buatan menjana sedikit cas elektrik-yang mencetuskan impuls saraf yang kemudiannya tersebar ke seluruh atrium- merangsang otot dinding kedua-dua atrium mengecut serentak-Pengecutan artrium menyebabkan tekanan darah dalam artrium meningkat-Impuls yang dicetus oleh nodus sinoatrium sampai ke nodus atrioventrikel ( AVN) (pada di dasar atrium kanan)-AVN memastikan semua darah dalam atrium telah memasuki ventrikel- sebelum menghantar impuls untuk merangsang pengecutan otot ventrikel- melalui berkas His dan gentian Purkinje-Pengecutan ventrikel menyebabkan tekanan darah dalam ventrikel meningkat- perentak jantung boleh ditetapkan untuk memberi kadar pengecutan yang normal / 72

pengecutan per minit- supaya pengaliran darah normal

Mana-mana 4 markah

Cadangan jawapan Markah a i P; phospholipid bilayer/fosfolipid dwilapisan

Q: pore protein/protein liang 3

29

30SULIT 4551/1

R: carrier protein/protein pembawa

ii Process/Proses R – active transport/pengangkutan aktif -Substance diffuse from higher concentration to lower concentration -Against the concentraion gradient/ -Through carrier protein/ -Energy is required/ Pergerakan bahan dari kawasan berkepekatan rendah ke kawasan berkepekatan tinggi Melawan cerun kepekatan Melalui protein Pembawa Memerlukan tenaga

2

b -When the cell is exposed to the respirational poison, respiration is unable to be carried out. -Active transport does not occur. -This is due to no formation of energy. Jika sel didedahkan kepada racun respirasi Pengangkutan aktif tidak berlaku Racun akan merencatkan proses respirasi Tiada tenaga dihasilkan

2

C i Red blood cell (erythrocytes) Sel darah merah/eritrosit

1

ii 0.74g/100cm3

-No cell burst (or undergoi haemolysis) and no cell become wrinkles(undergoes crenation) Tiada sel yang meletus/haemolisis dan tiada yang mengecut/krenasi

2

iii -The cell will burst/Sel akan meletus -The concentration of distilled water is hypotonic to the red blood cell. -Water molecules diffuse into the red blood cell through osmosis. -The cell bursts due to ansence of cell wall//cannot withstand high osmotic pressure

2

30

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Air suling adalah larutan hipotonik kepada sel darah merah.

Molekul air meresap masuk ke dalam sel secara osmosis Sel meletus sebab tiada dinding sel//tidak boleh menampung tekanan osmotik yang tinggi

12 markah

.

31

32SULIT 4551/1

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