v

CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................. xviiABOUT THE AUTHOR ....................................................................................................xixPREFACE .....................................................................................................................xxi

LEVEL 1 l Chapters 1–10 ...........................................................1

CHAPTER 1 AutoCAD Fundamentals: Part I .................................................................3

1.1 Introduction and Basic Commands ........................................................................41.2 The AutoCAD Environment ....................................................................................51.3 Interacting with AutoCAD .....................................................................................9

Method 1. Type in the Commands on the Command Line ...................................................... 9Method 2. Select the Commands from the Drop-Down Cascading Menus ............................... 9Method 3. Use Toolbar Icons to Activate the Commands ..................................................... 10Method 4. Use the Ribbon Tabs, Icons, and Menus ............................................................ 10

1.4 Practicing the Create Objects Commands ...........................................................13Line ................................................................................................................................ 13Circle .............................................................................................................................. 14Arc .................................................................................................................................. 15Rectangle ........................................................................................................................ 16

1.5 View Objects ......................................................................................................19Zoom .............................................................................................................................. 19Pan ................................................................................................................................. 19Regen ............................................................................................................................. 19

1.6 Practicing the Edit/Modify Objects Commands ...................................................20Erase .............................................................................................................................. 20Move............................................................................................................................... 20Copy ............................................................................................................................... 21Rotate ............................................................................................................................. 22Scale .............................................................................................................................. 23Trim ................................................................................................................................ 24Extend ............................................................................................................................ 25Offset ............................................................................................................................. 26Mirror .............................................................................................................................. 27Fillet ............................................................................................................................... 28

1.7 Selection Methods .............................................................................................291.8 Drawing Accuracy—Part 1 ..................................................................................30

Ortho (F8) ........................................................................................................................ 301.9 Drawing Accuracy—Part 2 ..................................................................................30

OSNAPs .......................................................................................................................... 301.10 OSNAP Drafting Settings ....................................................................................33Summary ....................................................................................................................33

CONTENTS

vi

CHAPTER 2 AutoCAD Fundamentals: Part II ..............................................................39

2.1 Grips..................................................................................................................402.2 Units and Scale ..................................................................................................412.3 Snap and Grid ....................................................................................................42

To Set Snap ..................................................................................................................... 42To Set Grid ...................................................................................................................... 43

2.4 Cartesian Coordinate System .............................................................................432.5 Geometric Data Entry .........................................................................................44

Dynamic Input .................................................................................................................. 44Manual Input ................................................................................................................... 47

2.6 Inquiry Commands .............................................................................................48Area ................................................................................................................................ 49Distance ......................................................................................................................... 49List ................................................................................................................................. 50ID ................................................................................................................................... 51Radius and Angle ............................................................................................................. 52

2.7 Additional Drafting Commands ............................................................................52Explode ........................................................................................................................... 53Polygon ........................................................................................................................... 53Ellipse ............................................................................................................................. 55Chamfer .......................................................................................................................... 56Templates ....................................................................................................................... 57Limits ............................................................................................................................. 58Save ............................................................................................................................... 58Help Files ........................................................................................................................ 58TANgent OSNAP ............................................................................................................... 60

Summary ....................................................................................................................61

CHAPTER 3 Layers, Colors, Linetypes, and Properties ...............................................67

3.1 Introduction to Layers ........................................................................................68What Are Layers? ............................................................................................................. 68Why Use Them? ............................................................................................................... 68Creating and Deleting Layers ............................................................................................ 68Making a Layer Current ..................................................................................................... 69Assigning Layer Colors ..................................................................................................... 69Layer Freeze/Thaw and On/Off .......................................................................................... 72Layer Lock/Unlock ........................................................................................................... 72

3.2 Introduction to Linetypes ....................................................................................733.3 Introduction to Properties ..................................................................................74

Properties Palette ............................................................................................................ 75Match Properties ............................................................................................................. 76Layers Toolbar ................................................................................................................. 76

3.4 In-Class Drawing Project: Floor Plan Layout .........................................................77Basic File Preparation....................................................................................................... 77Starting the Floor Plan ...................................................................................................... 78Drawing the Inner Wall Geometry ....................................................................................... 79Drawing the Doors and Windows ....................................................................................... 80

Summary ....................................................................................................................83

SPOTLIGHT ON: ARCHITECTURE .................................................................................87

CHAPTER 4 Text, Mtext, Editing, and Style ................................................................93

4.1 Introduction to Text and Mtext ...........................................................................944.2 Text ...................................................................................................................94

Editing Text ...................................................................................................................... 95

CONTENTS

vii

4.3 Mtext ................................................................................................................96Formatting Mtext .............................................................................................................. 97

4.4 Style ................................................................................................................1014.5 Spell Check .....................................................................................................1024.6 In-Class Drawing Project: Adding Text and Furniture to Floor Plan Layout ...........104

NEArest OSNAP ............................................................................................................. 106Summary ..................................................................................................................107

CHAPTER 5 Hatch Patterns ...................................................................................113

5.1 Introduction to Hatch .......................................................................................1145.2 Hatch Procedures.............................................................................................115

Step 1. Pick the Hatch Pattern You Want to Use ............................................................... 115Step 2. Indicate Where You Want the Pattern to Go .......................................................... 116Step 3. Fine-Tune the Pattern by Adjusting Scale and Angle (If Necessary) .......................... 118Step 4. Preview the Pattern and Accept It If OK ................................................................ 119

5.3 Working with Hatch Patterns ............................................................................120Exploding Hatch Patterns ................................................................................................ 120Hatch Pattern Layers and Colors ..................................................................................... 120Advanced Hatch Topics ................................................................................................... 122

5.4 Gradient and Solid Fill ......................................................................................123Solid Fill ........................................................................................................................ 125

5.5 In-Class Drawing Project: Adding Hatch to Floor Plan Layout ..............................126Summary ..................................................................................................................127

CHAPTER 6 Dimensions ........................................................................................131

6.1 Introduction to Dimensions ...............................................................................1326.2 Types of Dimensions .........................................................................................132

Linear Dimensions ......................................................................................................... 133Aligned Dimension ......................................................................................................... 134Diameter Dimension ....................................................................................................... 135Radius Dimension .......................................................................................................... 136Angular Dimension ......................................................................................................... 137Continuous Dimensions .................................................................................................. 138Baseline Dimensions ..................................................................................................... 139Leader and Multileader ................................................................................................... 140Secondary Dimensions ................................................................................................... 143

6.3 Editing Dimensions ...........................................................................................1456.4 Customizing Dimensions ...................................................................................145

Dimstyle ........................................................................................................................ 1466.5 In-Class Drawing Project: Adding Dimensions to Floor Plan Layout .....................150Summary ..................................................................................................................151

CHAPTER 7 Blocks, Wblocks, Dynamic Blocks, Groups, and Purge ............................157

7.1 Introduction to Blocks ......................................................................................158Difference between Blocks and Wblocks .......................................................................... 158Creating a Block ............................................................................................................ 158

7.2 Insert ..............................................................................................................1607.3 Purge...............................................................................................................1627.4 Wblocks ..........................................................................................................163

Inserting Wblocks .......................................................................................................... 1647.5 Dynamic Blocks ...............................................................................................1647.6 Groups .............................................................................................................168Summary ..................................................................................................................172

CONTENTS

viii

SPOTLIGHT ON: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING .............................................................177

CHAPTER 8 Polar, Rectangular, and Path Arrays .......................................................181

8.1 Polar Array.......................................................................................................182Steps in Creating a Polar Array ....................................................................................... 182Additional Operations with Polar Array ............................................................................. 184Legacy Polar Array (Pre-AutoCAD 2012) ........................................................................... 187

8.2 Rectangular Array ............................................................................................187Steps in Creating a Rectangular Array ............................................................................. 188Additional Operations with Rectangular Array ................................................................... 189Legacy Rectangular Array (Pre-AutoCAD 2012) ................................................................. 191

8.3 Path Array .......................................................................................................192Steps in Creating a Path Array ........................................................................................ 192Additional Operations with Path Array .............................................................................. 193

8.4 In-Class Drawing Project: Mechanical Device ....................................................194Summary ..................................................................................................................198

CHAPTER 9 Basic Printing and Output ....................................................................203

9.1 Introduction to Printing and Plotting .................................................................2049.2 The Essentials .................................................................................................204

What Printer or Plotter to Use ......................................................................................... 204What Paper Size to Use ................................................................................................. 205What Area to Plot .......................................................................................................... 205At What Scale to Plot ..................................................................................................... 206What Pen Settings to Use .............................................................................................. 206What Orientation to Use ................................................................................................. 207What Offset to Use ........................................................................................................ 207Miscellaneous............................................................................................................... 207

9.3 The Plot Dialog Box .........................................................................................207Preview ......................................................................................................................... 209

9.4 Page Setup Manager ........................................................................................210Summary ..................................................................................................................211

CHAPTER 10 Advanced Output—Paper Space ...........................................................215

10.1 Introduction to Paper Space .............................................................................216What Is Paper Space? ................................................................................................... 216

10.2 Paper Space Concepts .....................................................................................217Layouts ........................................................................................................................ 217Viewports ..................................................................................................................... 223Scaling ......................................................................................................................... 226Layers .......................................................................................................................... 229Text and dims ............................................................................................................... 233Annotation .................................................................................................................... 236

Summary ..................................................................................................................238

Level 1 l Answers to Review Questions .................................................................243

LEVEL 2 l Chapters 11–20 .....................................................251

CHAPTER 11 Advanced Linework .............................................................................253

11.1 Introduction to Advanced Linework ...................................................................25311.2 Pline (Polyline) ................................................................................................254

Pedit ............................................................................................................................ 255Exploding a Pline ........................................................................................................... 256Additional Pline Options ................................................................................................. 256

CONTENTS

ix

11.3 Xline (Construction Line) .................................................................................25811.4 Ray .................................................................................................................25911.5 Spline ..............................................................................................................26011.6 Mline (Multiline) ..............................................................................................262

Modifying the Mline ....................................................................................................... 263Mlstyle (Multiline Style) .................................................................................................. 263Mledit (Multiline Edit) ..................................................................................................... 267Other Mline Properties ................................................................................................... 268

11.7 Sketch ............................................................................................................269Applications of Sketch ................................................................................................... 271

Level 2 Drawing Project (1 of 10): Architectural Floor Plan ........................................272Summary ..................................................................................................................273

CHAPTER 12 Advanced Layers ................................................................................277

12.1 Introduction to Advanced Layers ......................................................................27712.2 Script Files ......................................................................................................27812.3 Layer State Manager ........................................................................................27912.4 Layer Filtering ..................................................................................................282Level 2 Drawing Project (2 of 10): Architectural Floor Plan ........................................285Summary ..................................................................................................................286

CHAPTER 13 Advanced Dimensions .........................................................................289

13.1 Introduction to Advanced Dimensions ...............................................................29013.2 Dimension Style Manager .................................................................................290

Lines Tab ...................................................................................................................... 291Symbols and Arrows Tab ................................................................................................ 292Text Tab ........................................................................................................................ 292Fit Tab .......................................................................................................................... 294Primary Units Tab .......................................................................................................... 295Alternate Units Tab ........................................................................................................ 296Tolerances Tab .............................................................................................................. 298

13.3 Introduction to Constraints ..............................................................................29913.4 Geometric Constraints .....................................................................................300

Types of Geometric Constraints ...................................................................................... 300Adding Geometric Constraints ........................................................................................ 301Hiding, Showing, and Deleting Geometric Constraints ....................................................... 303

13.5 Dimensional Constraints ..................................................................................303Working with Dimensional Constraints ............................................................................ 305

13.6 Dimension Driven Design ..................................................................................306Level 2 Drawing Project (3 of 10): Architectural Floor Plan ........................................307Summary ..................................................................................................................308

SPOTLIGHT ON: INTERIOR DESIGN ............................................................................311

CHAPTER 14 Options, Shortcuts, CUI, Design Center, and Express Tools ....................315

14.1 Options ...........................................................................................................316Files Tab ....................................................................................................................... 316Display Tab ................................................................................................................... 318Open and Save Tab ........................................................................................................ 320Plot and Publish Tab ...................................................................................................... 322System Tab ................................................................................................................... 324User Preferences Tab..................................................................................................... 325Drafting Tab .................................................................................................................. 3273D Modeling Tab ........................................................................................................... 328

CONTENTS

x

Selection Tab .............................................................................................................. 328Profiles Tab ................................................................................................................. 329

14.2 Shortcuts ......................................................................................................331pgp File ...................................................................................................................... 331Altering the pgp File ..................................................................................................... 332

14.3 Customize User Interface ...............................................................................33314.4 Design Center ................................................................................................33714.5 Express Tools ................................................................................................339

Blocks ........................................................................................................................ 341Text ............................................................................................................................ 341Layout Tools ................................................................................................................ 343Dimension .................................................................................................................. 343Selection Tools ........................................................................................................... 343Modify ........................................................................................................................ 344Draw .......................................................................................................................... 345File Tools .................................................................................................................... 345Web Tools ................................................................................................................... 345Tools .......................................................................................................................... 346Layer Express Tools ..................................................................................................... 347

Level 2 Drawing Project (4 of 10): Architectural Floor Plan ........................................350Summary ..................................................................................................................350

CHAPTER 15 Advanced Design and File Management Tools .......................................353

15.1 Introduction to Advanced Design and File Management Tools ..........................35415.2 Align .............................................................................................................35415.3 Audit and Recover..........................................................................................35615.4 Blend ............................................................................................................35715.5 Break and Join ...............................................................................................358

Break, Method 1 ......................................................................................................... 358Break, Method 2 ......................................................................................................... 359Join ............................................................................................................................ 359

15.6 CAD Standards ..............................................................................................36015.7 Calculator......................................................................................................36115.8 Defpoints .......................................................................................................36315.9 Divide and Point Style ....................................................................................36415.10 Donut ............................................................................................................36515.11 Draw Order ....................................................................................................36515.12 eTransmit ......................................................................................................36615.13 Filter .............................................................................................................36815.14 Hyperlink .......................................................................................................37015.15 Lengthen .......................................................................................................37115.16 Object Tracking (OTRACK) .............................................................................37215.17 Overkill ..........................................................................................................37315.18 Point and Node ..............................................................................................37415.19 Publish ..........................................................................................................37415.20 Raster ...........................................................................................................37515.21 Revcloud .......................................................................................................37615.22 Sheet Sets ....................................................................................................37715.23 Selection Methods .........................................................................................38015.24 Stretch ..........................................................................................................38215.25 System Variables ...........................................................................................38315.26 Tables ...........................................................................................................38315.27 Tool Palette ...................................................................................................38615.28 UCS and Crosshair Rotation ...........................................................................387

Method 1 ................................................................................................................... 387Method 2 ................................................................................................................... 388

CONTENTS

xi

15.29 Window Tiling ................................................................................................38915.30 Wipeout.........................................................................................................390Level 2 Drawing Project (5 of 10): Architectural Floor Plan ........................................394Summary ..................................................................................................................395

CHAPTER 16 Importing and Exporting Data ..............................................................399

16.1 Introduction to Importing and Exporting Data ..................................................39916.2 Importing and Exporting to and from MS Office Applications ............................400

Word into AutoCAD ...................................................................................................... 400AutoCAD into Word ...................................................................................................... 400Excel into AutoCAD ...................................................................................................... 401AutoCAD into Excel ...................................................................................................... 402PowerPoint into AutoCAD .............................................................................................. 402AutoCAD into PowerPoint .............................................................................................. 403

16.3 Screen Shots .................................................................................................40316.4 JPG ................................................................................................................40316.5 PDFs .............................................................................................................40316.6 Other CAD Software .......................................................................................40516.7 Exporting and the Save As Feature .................................................................40716.8 Inserting and OLE ...........................................................................................408Level 2 Drawing Project (6 of 10): Architectural Floor Plan ........................................410Summary ..................................................................................................................412

CHAPTER 17 External References (Xrefs) .................................................................413

17.1 Introduction to Xrefs ......................................................................................414What Is an Xref? .......................................................................................................... 414Why Do We Need an Xref? What Is the Benefit? ............................................................. 414

17.2 Using Xrefs ....................................................................................................415Xref Menu ................................................................................................................... 417

17.3 Layers in Xrefs ...............................................................................................41817.4 Editing and Reloading Xrefs ............................................................................41917.5 Multiple Xrefs ................................................................................................42017.6 Ribbon and Xrefs ............................................................................................421Level 2 Drawing Project (7 of 10): Architectural Floor Plan ........................................422Summary ..................................................................................................................422

SPOTLIGHT ON: ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ..............................................................425

CHAPTER 18 Attributes ...........................................................................................429

18.1 Introduction to Attributes ...............................................................................42918.2 Creating the Design .......................................................................................43018.3 Creating the Attribute Definitions ...................................................................43018.4 Creating the Attribute Block ...........................................................................43318.5 Attribute Properties and Editing ......................................................................434

Exploding Attributes ..................................................................................................... 434Inserting Attributes ...................................................................................................... 435

18.6 Attribute Extraction .......................................................................................43518.7 Invisible Attributes .........................................................................................440Level 2 Drawing Project (8 of 10): Architectural Floor Plan ........................................441Summary ..................................................................................................................441

CHAPTER 19 Advanced Output and Pen Settings ......................................................445

19.1 Introduction to Advanced Output and Pen Settings ..........................................44619.2 Setting Standards ..........................................................................................446

CONTENTS

xii

19.3 The ctb File .....................................................................................................447Step 1 .......................................................................................................................... 450Step 2 .......................................................................................................................... 450Step 3 .......................................................................................................................... 451

19.4 Additional ctb File Features ..............................................................................45119.5 The lwt Option .................................................................................................452Level 2 Drawing Project (9 of 10): Architectural Floor Plan ........................................453Summary ..................................................................................................................455

CHAPTER 20 Isometric Drawing ...............................................................................457

20.1 Introduction to Isometric Perspective ...............................................................458Why Use Isometric Perspective Instead of 3D? ................................................................ 458When Not to Use Isometric Perspective ........................................................................... 458

20.2 Basic Technique ..............................................................................................45820.3 Ellipses in Isometric Drawing ............................................................................46120.4 Text and Dimensions in Isometric Drawing ........................................................462Level 2 Drawing Project (10 of 10): Architectural Floor Plan ......................................463Summary ..................................................................................................................466

Level 2 l Answers to Review Questions .................................................................471

LEVEL 3 l Chapters 21–30 .....................................................477

CHAPTER 21 3D Basics ..........................................................................................479

21.1 Axes, Planes, and Faces ...................................................................................47921.2 3D Workspaces, Ribbon, Toolbars, and 3D Options ............................................48121.3 Entering and Exiting 3D ...................................................................................48321.4 Projecting into 3D ............................................................................................48621.5 3D Dynamic Views ...........................................................................................49021.6 Extrude ...........................................................................................................49121.7 Visual Styles: Hide and Shade ..........................................................................49121.8 ViewCube and Navigation Bar ...........................................................................496Summary ..................................................................................................................498

CHAPTER 22 Primitives ...........................................................................................501

22.1 Introduction to Primitives .................................................................................502Box .............................................................................................................................. 502Wedge .......................................................................................................................... 503Cone ............................................................................................................................ 503Sphere ......................................................................................................................... 504Cylinder ........................................................................................................................ 504Torus ............................................................................................................................ 505Pyramid ........................................................................................................................ 505

22.2 Applying Primitives ..........................................................................................506Summary ..................................................................................................................506

CHAPTER 23 Object Manipulation ............................................................................509

23.1 Introduction to Object Manipulation..................................................................510Rotate3D ...................................................................................................................... 5103Drotate (Gizmo) ........................................................................................................... 511Mirror3D ....................................................................................................................... 5123Darray ........................................................................................................................ 5163Dscale ........................................................................................................................ 5183Dmove ........................................................................................................................ 519Fillets and Chamfers in 3D ............................................................................................. 521

Summary ..................................................................................................................523

CONTENTS

xiii

SPOTLIGHT ON: AEROSPACE ENGINEERING ...............................................................527

CHAPTER 24 Boolean Operations. ...........................................................................531

24.1 Introduction to Boolean Operations ..................................................................531Union ........................................................................................................................... 532Subtract ....................................................................................................................... 533Intersect ....................................................................................................................... 5353D Modeling Exercise: Building Wall with Door and Window .............................................. 536

Summary ..................................................................................................................539

CHAPTER 25 Solid Modeling ...................................................................................543

25.1 Introduction to Solid Modeling ..........................................................................544Revolve ........................................................................................................................ 544Shell ............................................................................................................................ 548Taper ............................................................................................................................ 5493D Modeling Exercise: Wastebasket ............................................................................... 551Loft .............................................................................................................................. 5533D Modeling Exercise: Mechanical Drill Bit ...................................................................... 556Path Extrusion ............................................................................................................... 558Sweep .......................................................................................................................... 560Drawing Challenge: Helical Coil ...................................................................................... 561

Summary ..................................................................................................................562

CHAPTER 26 Advanced Solids, Faces, and Edges ......................................................567

26.1 Introduction to Advanced Solids, Faces, and Edges ...........................................568Polysolid ....................................................................................................................... 568Helix ............................................................................................................................ 5703D Path Array ................................................................................................................ 5713Dalign ........................................................................................................................ 572

26.2 Working with Faces .........................................................................................574Delete Faces ................................................................................................................. 575Move Faces .................................................................................................................. 576Copy Faces ................................................................................................................... 577Offset Faces ................................................................................................................. 578Rotate Faces................................................................................................................. 578Color Faces ................................................................................................................... 580

26.3 Working with Edges .........................................................................................580Color Edges .................................................................................................................. 580Copy Edges ................................................................................................................... 580Helical Coil Explained .................................................................................................... 581

Summary ..................................................................................................................583

CHAPTER 27 Surfaces and Meshes .........................................................................585

27.1 Introduction to Surfaces and Meshes ................................................................58627.2 Surfacing Commands .......................................................................................586

Planar Surface .............................................................................................................. 586Region .......................................................................................................................... 588Rulesurf ....................................................................................................................... 588Tabsurf ......................................................................................................................... 589Revsurf ......................................................................................................................... 592Edgesurf ....................................................................................................................... 5933Dface and 3Dmesh ..................................................................................................... 595

27.3 Smooth Mesh Primitives ..................................................................................596Mesh Modification 1. Smoothness ................................................................................. 598

CONTENTS

xiv

Mesh Modification 2. Filters and Gizmos ......................................................................... 598Mesh Modification 3. Additional Tools ............................................................................. 600

Summary ..................................................................................................................601

SPOTLIGHT ON: CIVIL ENGINEERING .........................................................................603

CHAPTER 28 UCS, Vports, Text, and Dimensions in 3D..............................................607

28.1 Introduction to UCS, Vports, Text, and Dimensions in 3D ...................................60828.2 Advanced UCS .................................................................................................609

UCS ............................................................................................................................. 609World ........................................................................................................................... 610UCS Previous ................................................................................................................ 610Face UCS ...................................................................................................................... 611Object .......................................................................................................................... 611View ............................................................................................................................. 611Origin ........................................................................................................................... 612Z-Axis Vector ................................................................................................................. 6133 Point ......................................................................................................................... 613X, Y, and Z ..................................................................................................................... 614Named UCS .................................................................................................................. 615

28.3 Views and View Manager .................................................................................61528.4 Vports .............................................................................................................61628.5 Text and Dimensions in 3D ...............................................................................621Summary ..................................................................................................................624

CHAPTER 29 Dview, Walk and Fly, Animation, and Action Recording ............................629

29.1 Dynamic View ..................................................................................................630CAmera ........................................................................................................................ 631TArget ........................................................................................................................... 631Distance ....................................................................................................................... 631POints .......................................................................................................................... 632PAn .............................................................................................................................. 633Zoom ........................................................................................................................... 633TWist............................................................................................................................ 633CLip ............................................................................................................................. 633Hide ............................................................................................................................. 635Off ............................................................................................................................... 635Undo ............................................................................................................................ 635

29.2 Cameras ..........................................................................................................63529.3 Walk and Fly ....................................................................................................63829.4 Path Animation ................................................................................................64229.5 Action Recording .............................................................................................644Summary ..................................................................................................................647

CHAPTER 30 Lighting and Rendering ........................................................................651

30.1 Introduction to Lighting and Rendering .............................................................65230.2 Lighting ...........................................................................................................652

Point Light .................................................................................................................... 653Spotlight ....................................................................................................................... 656Distant Light ................................................................................................................. 658Shadows, Sun, and Sky .................................................................................................. 659

30.3 Materials and Rendering ..................................................................................663Materials ...................................................................................................................... 664Rendering ..................................................................................................................... 666

Summary ..................................................................................................................670

CONTENTS

xv

Level 3 l Answers to Review Questions .................................................................671

Appendices ...............................................................................677

APPENDIX A Additional Information on AutoCAD .......................................................679

Who Makes AutoCAD? ..............................................................................................679What Is AutoCAD LT? ...............................................................................................679How Is AutoCAD Purchased and How Much Does It Cost?..........................................680Are There Significant Differences between AutoCAD Releases? ..................................681Is There an AutoCAD for the Mac? ............................................................................681A Brief History of Autodesk and AutoCAD ..................................................................683AutoCAD Releases ...................................................................................................684Major Autodesk Products..........................................................................................685AutoCAD Related Websites .......................................................................................685

APPENDIX B Other CAD Software, Design and Analysis Tools, and Concepts...............689

APPENDIX C File Extensions ...................................................................................695

APPENDIX D Custom Linetypes and Hatch Patterns ..................................................697

APPENDIX E Principles of CAD Management ............................................................701

Part 1. Know the Seven Golden Rules of AutoCAD .....................................................701Part 2. Know the Capabilities and Limitations of AutoCAD .........................................702Part 3. Maintain an Office CAD Standard ...................................................................704Part 4. Be an Effective Teacher and Hiring Manager...................................................705Part 5. Stay Current and Competent ..........................................................................706

APPENDIX F AutoLISP Basics and Advanced Customization Tools ..............................707

APPENDIX G PC Hardware, Printers and Plotters, and Networks .................................713

APPENDIX H What Are Kernels? ..............................................................................717

APPENDIX I Lighting, Rendering, Effects, and Animation ..........................................719

APPENDIX J AutoCAD Certification Exams ...............................................................721

APPENDIX K AutoCAD Employment .........................................................................723

APPENDIX L AutoCAD Humor, Oddities, Quirks, and Easter Eggs ...............................725

INDEX .....................................................................................................................729