Update on 2016 Weed Science Research in the

IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program

Palmer, C.L., J. Baron, E. Vea and E. Lurvey

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Ornamental Horticulture Program Data Summaries – 2016 Final

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InternationalRegistration Support

Other Projects

High Priority Projects

Contributing Trials

Weed Science Summaries

Dimethenamid-p

Dithiopyr

Flumioxazin

Flumioxazin + Pyroxasulfone

Imazamox

Oxyfluorfen + Prodiamine

Pendimethalin

Sulfentrazone + Prodiamine

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Ornamental Horticulture Program –Registrations – 2016 Final ?

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Contributing Trials

Weed Science Registrations

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Ornamental Horticulture Program –

Crops Impacted by Registrations – 2016 Interim

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2016 Weed Science Research Program

• In Season Pre-emergent Herbicide Crop Safety

• Ornamental Grass Crop Safety

• Bulb Herbicide Crop Safety

– subset of Pre-emergent

• Flumioxazin + Pyroxasulfone Crop Safety

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2016 Pre-emergent

Herbicide Crop Safety Research

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2016 In Season Pre-Emergent Herbicide• Products

– Dimension 2EW (dithiopyr)– Tower EC (dimethenamid-p)– F6875 (sulfentrazone + prodiamine)– Gallery (isoxaben)– Marengo G (indaziflam)– Ronstar 2G– SP1770 (liquid)– SP1770 (granular)– Biathlon (oxyfluorfen + prodiamine)– Freehand G (pendimethalin + dimethenamid-p)– Snapshot 2.5G (trifluralin + isoxaben)

• Rates (1x, 2x, 4x)

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B

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2016 In Season Pre-Emergent Herbicide

• Applications were applied

–As plants broke dormancy, within 1 week after transplanting

– Six (6) weeks after the first application

• Ratings

–Phytotoxicity on a scale of 0 to 10

–1, 2, and 4 weeks after each application

• 144 trials planned for 2016

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2016 In Season Pre-Emergent Herbicide Results 1/4/2017

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Broadleaf Evergreen Tree/Shrub Bearberry (Arctostaphylos sp.) 1.0 (1 - 1) n1 1.0 (1 - 1) n1 Labeled

Broadleaf Evergreen Tree/Shrub Eucalypt, Australian Gum (Eucalyptus sp.) 1.0 (1 - 1) n2

Broadleaf Evergreen Tree/Shrub Fetterbush, Drooping Leucothoe (Leucothoe sp.) 1.0 (1 - 1) n3

Broadleaf Evergreen Tree/Shrub Oregon Grape (Mahonia aquifolium) 1.0 (1 - 1) n1

Broadleaf Evergreen Tree/Shrub Bayberry (Myrica pensylvanica) 2.0 (2 - 2) n1

Broadleaf Evergreen/Deciduous Tree/Shrub Honeysuckle (Lonicera sp.) 1.0 (1 - 1) n1 1.5 (1 - 2) n2

Bulbs & Corms Elephant's-Ear, Angel-Wings (Caladium sp.) Labeled

Bulbs & Corms Corn Flag, Sword Lily (Gladiolus sp.) 1.0 (1 - 1) n1

Cactus & Succulents Stonecrop (Crassula sp.) 3.5 (3 - 4) n2

Cactus & Succulents Echeveria sp. (Echeveria sp.) 3.0 (3 - 3) n1 4.0 (4 - 4) n1 3.7 (3 - 4) n3

Cactus & Succulents Stonecrop Ella. (Sedum kamtschaticum) 1.5 (1 - 2) n2 2.5 (1 - 4) n2

Deciduous Tree/Shrub/Vine Ohio Buckeye (Aesculus glabra) 1.0 (1 - 1) n1

Deciduous Tree/Shrub/Vine Birch, River (Betula nigra) 1.0 (1 - 1) n3

Deciduous Tree/Shrub/Vine Pecan (Non-Bearing) (Carya illinoensis) Labeled

Deciduous Tree/Shrub/Vine Spanish Chestnut (Castanea sativa) 3.0 (3 - 3) n1

Deciduous Tree/Shrub/Vine Dogwood (Cornus sp.) 4.0 (4 - 4) n1

Deciduous Tree/Shrub/Vine Winged Burning Bush (Euonymus alatus) 1.0 (1 - 1) n1

Deciduous Tree/Shrub/Vine Virginia Sweetspire (Itea virginica) 4.0 (4 - 4) n1 2.7 (1 - 4) n3

Deciduous Tree/Shrub/Vine Japanese Kerria, Japanese Rose (Kerria japonica) 2.0 (2 - 2) n1

Deciduous Tree/Shrub/Vine Larch (Larix sp.) 1.0 (1 - 1) n1

Deciduous Tree/Shrub/Vine Ninebark (Physocarpus sp.) 3.0 (3 - 3) n2

Deciduous Tree/Shrub/Vine Oak, Northern Red (Quercus rubra) 1.0 (1 - 1) n3

Deciduous Tree/Shrub/Vine Oak (Quercus sp.) 1.3 (1 - 2) n3 1.3 (0 - 3) n3

Fern Fern, Autumn & Wood (Dryopteris sp.) 1.3 (1 - 2) n3

Fern Fern, Royal (Osmunda regalis) 4.0 (4 - 4) n1

Hardy Ground Cover Foliage Japanese Spurge (Pachysandra terminalis) 1.0 (1 - 1) n1

Herbaceous Flowering Plant Blanket Flower (Gaillardia sp.) 2.3 (1 - 5) n3

Herbaceous Flowering Plant Lamb's-Ears (Stachys byzantina) 2.0 (2 - 2) n1

Herbaceous Flowering Plant Ironweed, New York (Vernonia noveboracensis) 2.0 (2 - 2) n1

Herbaceous Flowering Plant - Annual Chocolate Flower (Berlandiera lyrata) 3.0 (3 - 3) n1

Herbaceous Flowering Plant - Perennial Peony (Paeonia sp.) 1.0 (1 - 1) n3 Labeled

Narrowleaf Evergreen Tree/Shrub Cypress (Cupressus sp.) 1.0 (1 - 1) n2

Palm Palmetto Palm (Sabal minor) 1.0 (1 - 1) n3

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Observations so far• Biathlon (oxyfluorfen + prodiamine)

– Minimal to low injury on most crops screened so far.– Echeveria exhibited moderate injury in 2016 trial

• Chipco Ronstar G– Not enough data on succulent crops yet

• Dimension 2EW (dithiopyr)– Not enough data available yet, but most crops are promising even though a couple

show moderate to severe injury

• F6875 4SC (sulfentrazone + prodiamine)– Quercus sp can be added to the label

• Freehand G (pendimethalin + dimethenamid-p)– Leucothoe, Gaillardia, and Paeonia can be added to the label– Echeveria may need to be labelled off

• SP1770– Limited data set so far, but cause significant injury

• Tower (dimethenamid-p)– Itea virginica and Sabal minor can be added to the label– Crassula and Echeveria were injured

lOrnamental Grass Crop Safety

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2016 Ornamental Grass Crop Safety

• Products

–Dimension 2EW (dithiopyr)

–Gallery (isoxaben)

–Pendulum 2G (pendimethalin)

• Rates (1x, 2x, 4x)

A

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2016 Ornamental Grass Crop Safety

• Applications were applied

–As/after plants broke dormancy, within 1 week after transplanting

– Six (6) weeks after the first application

• Ratings

–Phytotoxicity on a scale of 0 to 10

–1, 2, and 4 weeks after each application

• Forty-seven trials planned for 2016

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2016 Ornamental Grass Crop Safety Results 1/4/2017PlantGroup Crop

Dimension 2EW (Dithiopyr)

Gallery 75DF (Isoxaben)

Gallery SC (Isoxaben)

Pendulum 2G (Pendimethalin)

Ornamental Grass American beachgrass (Ammophila breviligulata) 1.5 (1 - 2) n2 1.0 (1 - 1) n2

Ornamental Grass Big Blue Stem (Andropogon gerardii) 2.0 (1 - 3) n2 1.0 (1 - 1) n2 1.5 (1 - 2) n2

Ornamental Grass Feather Reed Grass (Calamagrostis acutiflora) 1.7 (1 - 3) n3 1.0 (1 - 1) n1 1.0 (1 - 1) n2

Ornamental Grass Reed Grass (Calamagrostis arundinacea) 1.0 (1 - 1) n1

Ornamental Grass Carex buchanani (Carex buchanani) 1.5 (1 - 2) n2 2.0 (1 - 4) n3 1.0 (1 - 1) n2

Ornamental Grass Sedge, Cherokee (Carex cherokeensis) 2.5 (1 - 4) n2 1.0 (1 - 1) n1

Ornamental Grass Carex morrowii (Carex morrowii) 2.5 (2 - 3) n2 1.0 (1 - 1) n1 1.5 (1 - 2) n2

Ornamental Grass Northern Sea Oats, Wild Oats (Chasmanthium latifolium) 2.5 (1 - 4) n4 1.0 (1 - 1) n2 1.3 (1 - 2) n3 1.0 (1 - 1) n2

Ornamental Grass Pampas grass (Cortaderia selloana) 2.0 (2 - 2) n1 1.0 (1 - 1) n1

Ornamental Grass Tufted hairgrass (Deschampsia caespitosa) 2.7 (2 - 4) n3 3.0 (3 - 3) n1 1.7 (1 - 3) n3

Ornamental Grass Weeping lovegrass (Eragrostis curvula) 2.0 (1 - 3) n2 1.0 (1 - 1) n2

Ornamental Grass Purple Lovegrass (Eragrostis spectabilis) 1.0 (1 - 1) n1 1.0 (1 - 1) n1 2.0 (2 - 2) n1

Ornamental Grass Plume Grass; Ravenna (Erianthus sp.) 1.0 (1 - 1) n1 1.0 (1 - 1) n1

Ornamental Grass Blue Fescue (Festuca glauca) 2.5 (1 - 4) n4 3.0 (3 - 3) n1

Ornamental Grass Sheep's fescue (Festuca ovina) 5.0 (5 - 5) n2

Ornamental Grass Hakone Grass, Japanese Forest Grass (Hakonechloa sp.) 1.7 (1 - 2) n3 1.0 (1 - 1) n2 1.0 (1 - 1) n1

Ornamental Grass Indian Grass (Hierochloe odorata) 1.0 (1 - 1) n1 1.0 (1 - 1) n1

Ornamental Grass Soft rush (Juncus effusus) 1.0 (1 - 1) n2 1.5 (1 - 2) n2 1.0 (1 - 1) n2

Ornamental Grass Blue Lyme Grass (Leymus arenarius) 1.0 (1 - 1) n2 1.0 (1 - 1) n2 1.0 (1 - 1) n3

Ornamental Grass Muhly, hairyawn (Muhlenbergia capillaris) 1.3 (1 - 2) n3 2.0 (1 - 3) n3 1.0 (1 - 1) n3

Ornamental Grass Mexican deergrass (Muhlenbergia dubia) 3.0 (2 - 4) n2 2.0 (1 - 3) n2 1.0 (1 - 1) n2

Ornamental Grass Bamboo Muhly (Muhlenbergia dumosa) 1.0 (1 - 1) n2 2.0 (2 - 2) n2

Ornamental Grass Mexican feather grass (Nassella tenuissima) 1.7 (1 - 3) n3 1.0 (1 - 1) n2 2.0 (1 - 3) n2

Ornamental Grass Switch-Grass (Panicum virgatum) 1.3 (1 - 2) n3 1.0 (1 - 1) n2 MFG Hold

Ornamental Grass Chinese Pennisetum (Pennisetum alopecuroides) 1.0 (1 - 1) n2 1.0 (1 - 1) n1 1.0 (1 - 1) n3

Ornamental Grass Pennisetum orientale (Pennisetum orientale) 2.7 (1 - 4) n3 1.8 (1 - 2) n4

Ornamental Grass New Zealand Flax (Phormium sp.) Labeled

Ornamental Grass Little Blue Stem (Schizachyrium scoparium) 2.3 (1 - 3) n4 1.0 (1 - 1) n3 1.0 (1 - 1) n2 1.8 (1 - 3) n4

Ornamental Grass Indian Grass (Sorghastrum nutans) 1.0 (1 - 1) n2 1.5 (1 - 2) n2

Ornamental Grass Prairie dropseed (Sporobolus heterolepis) 2.7 (1 - 4) n3 1.0 (1 - 1) n1 1.0 (1 - 1) n3

Ornamental Grass Feather Grass, Mexican (Stipa sp.) 1.0 (1 - 1) n2

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Product/Crop Combinations with Registration Potential

• Dimension 2EW– All but two grasses screened so far exhibited no or low injury with over the top

applications– Exceptions: Festuca ovina and Muhlenbergi dubia

• Gallery DF/SC– All but two grasses screened so far exhibited no or low injury with over the top

applications– Exceptions: Festuca glauca and Deschampsia caespitosa

• Pendulum 2G (pendimethalin)– All grasses tested to date exhibited no to minimal injury with over the top

applications

• New crops can be added to these labels (Dimension – 11, Gallery – 4, Pendulum – 7)

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Conclusions

• IR-4 research activities are still impacting labels and benefiting growers

• The In-Season Pre-emergent Herbicide Crop Safety Project is still identifying herbicide-crop combinations with no to little injurious effects and those growers should avoid

• The Ornamental Grass Crop Safety Project identified 22 product-crop combinations that can be added to the respective labels.

Thank you ! Funding for IR-4 Research:USDA-NIFAUSDA-ARSUSDA-APHISLand Grant Institutions

Weed Science Researchers:

Jatinder AulahkEd BesteRick BoydstonJoe DeFrancescoJeff DerrCharles GilliamJames KlettCarrie MansueChris Marble

Hannah MathersJoe NealAnnad PersadMike RedingDania RiveraAndy SenesacBuzz UberPaul WadeCheryl Wilen

IR-4 Personnel:Susan

BierbrunnerMichelle FooSatoru Miyazaki

Mika Pringle-Tolson

Marylee RossBecky SiscoEly Vea

Thank you !