update on air quality planning activities for texas · 2019-09-10 · update on the texas sip and...

Update on the Texas State Implementation Plan (SIP) and Federal Air Quality Standards

Kasey Savanich and Brian FosterAir Quality Division

2019 Environmental Trade Fair

Air Quality Division • Update on the Texas SIP and Federal Standards • KS and BF • May 14, 2019 •

Today’s Topics

• The National Ambient Air Quality Standards

• Criteria Pollutant Trends in Texas

• Status of Air Quality Planning Efforts


National Ambient Air Quality Standards

Presenter

Presentation Notes

This section will discuss the basics of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS).


National Ambient Air Quality Standards

• Air quality standards are established by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as required by the Federal Clean Air Act (FCAA).

• The EPA sets these health-based standards for clean air, called National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), for six criteria air pollutants:– Ground-Level Ozone (O3);– Particulate Matter (PM);– Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2);– Sulfur Dioxide (SO2);– Carbon Monoxide (CO); and– Lead (Pb).

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Air quality analysis at the TCEQ focuses regulated air pollutants, which are determined by the NAAQS. Although we look at air quality in all monitored areas, we focus most of our efforts on areas that violate these standards.


Pollutant Level Averaging Time

Ozone (O3) 0.070 ppm* Eight-Hour

Particulate Matter (PM2.5)12.0 µg/m3 Annual (Arithmetic Mean)

35 µg/m3 Twenty-Four-Hour

Particulate Matter (PM10) 150 µg/m3 Twenty-Four-Hour

Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)53 ppb Annual (Arithmetic Mean)

100 ppb One-Hour

Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) 75 ppb One-Hour

Carbon Monoxide (CO)9 ppm Eight-Hour

35 ppm One-Hour

Lead (Pb) 0.15 µg/m3 Rolling Three-Month Average

Current NAAQS

Note: Secondary NAAQS are the same as the primary NAAQS for all pollutants except SO2, which has a secondary NAAQS of 0.5 ppm over three hours, and PM2.5, which has a secondary NAAQS of 15.0 µg/m3 annually. More information can be found at EPA’s NAAQS webpage (https://www.epa.gov/criteria-air-pollutants/naaqs-table).

* In 1997, EPA revoked the one-hour ozone standard (0.12 ppm, not to be exceeded more than once per year) and in 2015 the EPA revoked the 1997 eight-hour ozone NAAQS (0.08 ppm); however, some areas have continued obligations under those standards (“anti-backsliding”). The 2008 eight-hour ozone NAAQS of 0.075 ppm also remain in effect for some areas.

Presenter

Presentation Notes

EPA is required to revise the NAAQS every five years; therefore, these numbers have changed over time.

https://www.epa.gov/criteria-air-pollutants/naaqs-table


Determining NAAQS Compliance

• A design value is a statistic that is used to summarize the air quality data for an area to determine compliance.

• Each criteria pollutant has a different form and level for its design value.

• An area that monitors over the NAAQS is not automatically designated as nonattainment. The area must go through EPA’s designation process to determine regulatory compliance.

• For more information on design values visit the EPA’s design value webpage (https://www.epa.gov/air-trends/air-quality-design-values).

https://www.epa.gov/air-trends/air-quality-design-values


Criteria Pollutant Design Value Trends in Texas

Presenter

Presentation Notes

This section will trends for each criteria pollutant in Texas.


Eight-Hour Ozone Design Values in Texas

Note: The eight-hour ozone design values for Texas is the maximum design value from all Texas monitors for each year.

Presenter

Presentation Notes

This section will discuss eight-hour ozone design values in Texas. The eight-hour ozone design values for Texas is the maximum design value from all Texas monitors for each year. Ozone in the state of Texas has decreased by 30% from 2000 through 2018.

Eight-Hour Ozone Design Values by County in Texas

2008 2018

*2018 design values are calculated as of 4/24/2019 and subject to change. Data from EPA’s Air Quality System (AQS).

Presenter

Presentation Notes

The highest ozone in Texas typically occurs in the more populated areas, with the Houston-Galveston-Brazoria and Dallas-Fort Worth areas observing the highest values within the state. The maximum eight-hour ozone design value in 2008 was 91 ppb in Harris County. The maximum eight-hour ozone design value in 2018 was 78 ppb and also occurred in Harris county. Every county exhibited a decrease in eight-hour ozone design values from 2008 through 2018. Most areas monitored above the 2015 eight-hour ozone NAAQS of 70 ppb in 2008, but by 2018 only four areas monitored above the 2015 ozone NAAQS: Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, Dallas-Fort Worth, San Antonio, and El Paso.


Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Design Values in Texas

Note: The PM2.5 design values for Texas is the maximum design value from all Texas monitors for each year.

Presenter

Presentation Notes

This section will discuss fine particulate matter (PM2.5) design values in Texas. The PM2.5 design values for Texas is the maximum design value from all Texas monitors for each year. Annual PM2.5 design values have decreased by 24% and 24-hour PM2.5 design values have decreased by 18% from 2002 through 2018. Texas has not monitored over the 24-hour PM2.5 NAAQS of 35 µg/m3 for the entire period from 2002 through 2018. Texas has monitored below the annual PM2.5 NAAQS of 12.0 µg/m3 since 2013.

Annual PM2.5 Design Values by County in Texas

2008 2018


Presenter

Presentation Notes

The highest PM2.5 values typically occur in border areas and largely populated cities, with Harris county typically observing the highest annual PM2.5 values within the state. The maximum annual PM2.5 design value in 2008 was 15.2 µg/m3 in Harris County. The maximum annual PM2.5 design value in 2018 was 10.7 µg/m3 and occurred in Hidalgo county. Every county with the exception of Travis county exhibited a decrease in annual PM2.5 design values from 2008 through 2018. The increases in Travis county from 2008 through 2018 was less than 1 µg/m3 (0.7 µg/m3). Two counties monitored above the annual PM2.5 NAAQS of 12.0 µg/m3 in 2008: Harris county and Bowie county. By 2018, no counties monitored above annual PM2.5 NAAQS.

24-Hour PM2.5 Design Values by County in Texas

2008 2018


Presenter

Presentation Notes

The highest PM2.5 values typically occur in border areas, with the highest values measured in Harris county, El Paso county, or Hidalgo county. The maximum annual PM2.5 design value in 2008 was 30 µg/m3 in Harris County. The maximum annual PM2.5 design value in 2018 was 28 µg/m3 and occurred in Hidalgo county. Decreases in the 24-hour PM2.5 design values are not as pronounced as decreases in annual PM2.5 design values. Over half the counties in Texas observed a decrease in 24-hour PM2.5 design values from 2008 through 2018. No county in Texas has monitored above the 24-hour PM2.5 NAAQS.


Coarse Particulate Matter (PM10) Expected Exceedances in Texas

County Name CBSA/CSA Name

2008 24-Hour PM10 Expected Exceedances

2018 24-Hour PM10 Expected Exceedances

Bexar San Antonio-New Braunfels-Pearsall 0

Dallas Dallas-Fort Worth 0

El Paso El Paso-Las Cruces 0 4.4

Galveston Houston-The Woodlands 0

Harris Houston-The Woodlands 6 0

Hidalgo McAllen-Edinburg 0

Nueces Corpus Christi-Kingsville-Alice 0 NV

Travis Austin-Round Rock-Georgetown 0 0

Webb Laredo 0 NV

*2018 design values are calculated as of 4/24/2019 and subject to change. Data from EPA’s Air Quality System (AQS). A NV indicates that the design value for that year does not meet EPA’s data completeness criteria and is therefore not valid.

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Because the 24-hour PM10 NAAQS in measured in terms of exceedances, trend graphs or maps are not as useful. The table shows that most counties in Texas measure no expected exceedances of 24-hour PM10 concentrations greater than 150 µg/m3. The only counties that observe exceedances of the 24-hour PM10 NAAQS are El Paso and Harris counties. In 2018, El Paso county was the only county to have exceedances of the PM10 NAAQS.


Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Design Values in Texas

Note: The SO2 design values for Texas is the maximum design value from all Texas monitors for each year.

Presenter

Presentation Notes

This section will discuss one-hour sulfur dioxide (SO2) design values in Texas. The SO2 design values for Texas is the maximum design value from all Texas monitors for each year. One-hour SO2 design values have decreased by 78% from 2000 through 2018. Texas has monitored below the one-hour SO2 NAAQS of 75 ppb since 2011. These overall decreases will begin to increase as the new source-oriented SO2 monitors begin to measure valid design values starting in 2019.

One-Hour SO2 Design Values by County in Texas

2008 2018


Presenter

Presentation Notes

The highest SO2 values in Texas typically occur near SO2 sources such as power plants. The maximum annual SO2 design value in 2008 was 115 ppb in Jefferson County. The maximum one-hour SO2 design value in 2018 was 37 ppb and occurred in Navarro county and Gregg county. Every county has exhibited decreases in one-hour SO2 design values from 2008 though 2018. In 2008, three counties monitored over the one-hour SO2 NAAQS of 75 ppb: Jefferson, Ellis, and Gregg counties. By 2018, no county monitored over the SO2 NAAQS. Note the 2018 counties in gray, which represent counties with a new monitor that does not have enough data to have a valid design value. A number of these monitors are recording high SO2 concentrations and it is expected that several will have one-hour SO2 design values above the SO2 NAAQS once they have valid design values in 2019. Counties with new monitors that measured a 99th percentile SO2 concentration above the SO2 NAAQS in 2018 include: Howard, Hutchinson, Jefferson, Navarro, Potter, and Rusk.


Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Design Values in Texas

Note: The NO2 design values for Texas is the maximum design value from all Texas monitors for each year.

Presenter

Presentation Notes

This section will discuss nitrogen dioxide (NO2) design values in Texas. The NO2 design values for Texas is the maximum design value from all Texas monitors for each year. One-hour NO2 design values have decreased by 15% from 2000 through 2018 and annual NO2 design values have decreased by 46% over that same time. Texas has not monitored above either the one-hour NO2 NAAQS of 100 ppb or the annual NO2 NAAQS of 53 ppb.

One-Hour NO2 Design Values by County in Texas

2008 2018


Presenter

Presentation Notes

The highest NO2 values in Texas typically occur near largely populated areas where there is a large amount of mobile source emissions. The maximum one-hour NO2 design value in 2008 was 67 ppb in El Paso county. The maximum one-hour NO2 design value in 2018 was 60 ppb and occurred in El Paso county. No counties have monitored above the one-hour NO2 NAAQS of 100 ppb in either 2008 or 2018. Every county has exhibited decreases in one-hour NO2 design values from 2008 though 2018 with the exception of Travis county. The increase in one-hour NO2 design values in Travis county is due to the new near-road monitor, which measures higher NO2 values due to its location near the interstate. Despite this increase in Travis county, its one-hour NO2 design value in 2018 of 47 ppb is well below the one-hour NO2 NAAQS of 100 ppb.

Annual NO2 Design Values by County in Texas

2008 2018


Presenter

Presentation Notes

The highest NO2 values in Texas typically occur near largely populated areas where there is a large amount of mobile source emissions. The maximum annual NO2 design value in 2008 was 17 ppb in El Paso county. The maximum annual NO2 design value in 2018 was 13 ppb and occurred in Travis county. No counties have monitored above the annual NO2 NAAQS of 53 ppb in either 2008 or 2018. Every county has exhibited decreases in annual NO2 design values from 2008 though 2018 with the exception of Travis county. Like with the one-hour NO2 design values, the increase in annual NO2 design values in Travis county is due to the new near-road monitor, which measures higher NO2 values due to its location near the interstate. Despite this increase in Travis county, its annual NO2 design value in 2018 of 13 ppb is well below the annual NO2 NAAQS of 53 ppb.


Carbon Monoxide (CO) Design Values in Texas

Note: The CO design values for Texas is the maximum design value from all Texas monitors for each year.

Presenter

Presentation Notes

This section will discuss carbon monoxide (CO) design values in Texas. The CO design values for Texas is the maximum design value from all Texas monitors for each year. One-hour CO design values have decreased by 84% from 2000 through 2018 and eight-hour CO design values have decreased by 83% over that same time. Texas has not monitored above either the one-hour CO NAAQS of 35 ppm or the eight-hour CO NAAQS of 9 ppm.

One-Hour CO Design Values by County in Texas

2008 2018


Presenter

Presentation Notes

The highest CO values in Texas typically occur near largely populated areas and areas along the border. The maximum one-hour CO design value in 2008 was 8.1 ppm in Harris county. The maximum one-hour CO design value in 2018 was 2.7 ppm and occurred in El Paso county and Webb county. No counties have monitored above the one-hour CO NAAQS of 35 ppm in either 2008 or 2018. Every county has exhibited decreases in one-hour CO design values from 2008 though 2018 with the exception of Travis and McLennan counties. The increase in one-hour CO design value in McLennan county was less than 1 ppm (0.1 ppm). The increase in one-hour CO design value in Travis county is due to the new near-road monitor, which measures higher CO values due to its location near the interstate. Despite this increase in Travis county, its one-hour CO design value in 2018 of 2.3 ppm is well below the one-hour CO NAAQS of 35 ppm.

Eight-Hour CO Design Values by County in Texas

2008 2018


Presenter

Presentation Notes

The highest CO values in Texas typically occur near largely populated areas and areas along the border. The maximum eight-hour CO design value in 2008 was 5.2 ppm in Harris county. The maximum eight-hour CO design value in 2018 was 1.6 ppm and occurred in El Paso county. No counties have monitored above the eight-hour CO NAAQS of 9 ppm in either 2008 or 2018. Every county has exhibited decreases in eight-hour CO design values from 2008 though 2018 with the exception of Travis and McLennan counties. The increase in eight-hour CO design value in McLennan county was less than 1 ppm (0.1 ppm). The increase in eight-hour CO design value in Travis county is due to the new near-road monitor, which measures higher CO values due to its location near the interstate. Despite this increase in Travis county, its eight-hour CO design value in 2018 of 1.3 ppm is well below the eight-hour CO NAAQS of 9 ppm.


Lead Design Value in Texas

County Name CBSA/CSA Name

2008 Lead Design Value

(µg/m3)

2018 Lead Design Value

(µg/m3)Collin Dallas-Fort Worth 0.39 0.01El Paso El Paso-Las Cruces 0.05 0.00Kaufman Dallas-Fort Worth NVPotter Amarillo-Pampa-Borger 0.00

*2018 design values are calculated as of 4/24/2019 and subject to change. Data from EPA’s Air Quality System (AQS). A NV indicates that the design value for that year does not meet EPA’s data completeness criteria and is therefore not valid.

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Because there is so little lead data, trend graphs or maps are not as useful. TCEQ is working on validating the 2018 data in Kaufman county but it is not available at the time of this presentation. The table shows that Collin county did monitor above the lead NAAQS of 0.15 µg/m3 in 2008, but met the lead NAAQS in 2018 with a 97% decrease in the lead design value. The trends in Collin county are shown in more detail in the next slide.


Lead Design Value Trends in Collin County

*2018 design values are calculated as of 4/24/2019 and subject to change.

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Collin county’s high lead values were determined to originate from the Exide Frisco Recycling Center. In 2008, all lead monitors in Collin county measured above the lead NAAQS. Once the Exide Frisco Recycling Center shut down at the end of 2012/beginning of 2013, lead design values began to drop. The monitors in Collin county showed lead design value decreases ranging from 94% to 99% from 2012 through 2018.


Criteria Pollutant Trend Summary

• Criteria pollutant concentrations are decreasing across Texas.

Criteria Pollutant

Statewide Design Value in 2008

Statewide Design Value in 2018

Percent Decrease in Design Value

Ozone 91 ppb 78 ppb 14%Annual PM2.5 15.2 µg/m3 10.7 µg/m3 30%24-Hour PM2.5 30 µg/m3 28 µg/m3 7%PM10 6 4.4 27%SO2 115 ppb 37 ppb 68%One-Hour NO2 67 ppb 60 ppb 10%Annual NO2 17 ppb 13 ppb 24%One-Hour CO 8.1 ppm 2.7 ppm 67%Eight-Hour CO 5.2 ppm 1.6 ppm 69%Lead 0.39 µg/m3 0.01 µg/m3 97%

Status of Texas Air Quality

Planning Efforts


Status of Texas Air QualityPlanning Efforts

• Criteria Pollutant SIP Updates– O3

– SO2

– Pb– CO– NO2

– PM

• Additional SIP Updates– Anti-Tampering and EAC LIRAP Removal SIP– Infrastructure and Transport– Regional Haze


Ozone


Revoked Ozone NAAQS and the South Coast II Decision

• The EPA’s final 2008 ozone standard SIP requirements rule was challenged in South Coast Air Quality Management District v. EPA.

• On February 16, 2018, the D.C. Circuit Court vacated portions of the final rule including:– redesignation substitute;

– removal of anti-backsliding requirements for areas designated nonattainment under the 1997 ozone NAAQS;

– waiving requirements for transportation conformity for maintenance areas under the 1997 ozone NAAQS; and

– elimination of the requirement to submit a second 10-year maintenance plan.

Presenter

Presentation Notes

The redesignation substitute was included in the EPA’s 2008 ozone SIP requirements rule as a way to lift anti-backsliding requirements for areas that have attained revoked standards. For the revoked one-hour and 1997 eight-hour ozone standards, the EPA approved redesignation substitutes for the Houston-Galveston-Brazoria (HGB) severe nonattainment area and the Dallas-Fort Worth (DFW) serious nonattainment area.


• Houston-Galveston-Brazoria (HGB) Area

– HGB One-Hour and 1997 Eight-Hour Ozone Redesignation Request and Maintenance Plan SIP Revision

• Dallas-Fort Worth (DFW) Area– DFW One-Hour and 1997 Eight-Hour Ozone Redesignation

Request and Maintenance Plan SIP Revision

• Beaumont-Port Arthur (BPA) Area– BPA One-Hour Ozone Redesignation Request and Maintenance

Plan and 1997 Eight-Hour Ozone Second 10-Year Maintenance Plan SIP Revision

• El Paso Area– El Paso One-Hour Ozone Redesignation Request and

Maintenance Plan SIP Revision

Redesignation/Maintenance Plan SIP Revisions to Address South Coast II

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Due to uncertainty caused by the South Coast II court decision, the TCEQ developed redesignation request and maintenance plan SIP revisions for four areas. For the HGB and DFW areas, redesignation request and maintenance plan SIP revisions were developed for both the one-hour and 1997 eight-hour ozone standards since the redesignation substitute was vacated by South Coast II. For the BPA area, a one-hour ozone redesignation request and maintenance plan SIP revision was developed because the area was never formally redesignated to attainment for the one-hour ozone standard. The EPA had determined that the redesignation of the area to attainment for the 1997 eight-hour ozone NAAQS removed the requirement for the continued application of one-hour ozone anti-backsliding measures. The SIP revision also included a second 10-year maintenance plan for the 1997 eight-hour ozone standard. Prior to South Coast II, a second 10-year maintenance plan was not required after the revocation of the1997 eight-hour ozone standard in 2015. For the El Paso area, a one-hour ozone redesignation request and maintenance plan SIP revision was developed since the area was never formally redesignated to attainment for the one-hour ozone standard. The EPA had determined that the approval of the FCAA, §110(a)(1) maintenance plan for the 1997 eight-hour ozone NAAQS removed the requirement for the continued application of one-hour ozone anti-backsliding measures.


• Standard is 0.075 parts per million (ppm)– Design values of 75 parts per billion (ppb) or less are

attainment

• EPA finalized designations May 21, 2012– July 20th established as the attainment date of each

relevant calendar year based on classification

• Initial nonattainment designations:

– HGB Marginal Nonattainment Area Brazoria, Chambers, Fort Bend, Galveston, Harris, Liberty,

Montgomery, and Waller Counties

– DFW Moderate Nonattainment Area Collin, Dallas, Denton, Ellis, Johnson, Kaufman, Parker,

Rockwall, Tarrant, and Wise Counties

2008 Eight-Hour Ozone Standard


HGB 2008 Eight-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area

• The EPA reclassified the HGB area from marginal to moderate nonattainment on December 14, 2016.– July 20, 2018 moderate attainment date– 2017 attainment year (area had to attain by the end

of 2017)

• Moderate area Attainment Demonstration and Reasonable Further Progress (RFP) SIP revisions were adopted December 15, 2016 and due to EPA January 1, 2017.– EPA approved RFP SIP revision on February 13,

2019


DFW 2008 Eight-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area

• The moderate attainment date was July 20, 2018 with a 2017 attainment year.

• A Moderate area RFP SIP revision was adopted on June 3, 2015 and approved by the EPA on December 7, 2016.

• A Moderate area Attainment Demonstration was adopted on July 6, 2016.– Due to court decision, the TCEQ developed

this attainment demonstration SIP revision to reflect the 2017 attainment year.


DFW RACT Update SIP Revision

• DFW Reasonably Available Control Technology (RACT) Update SIP revision and voluntary agreed order between the TCEQ and TXI Operations, LP were adopted by the commission on August 8, 2018.

– The SIP revision addresses the EPA’s final conditional approval of RACT.

– The agreed order incorporates certain permit conditions as nitrogen oxides (NOX) RACT.

– EPA approved on February 22, 2019.


2008 Eight-Hour Ozone Standard Reclassifications

• HGB and DFW moderate nonattainment areas did not attain by the July 20, 2018 attainment date.

• EPA is expected to reclassify both areas to serious in spring 2019.

• Serious area attainment date is July 20, 2021 with a 2020 attainment year.

• Serious area SIP revisions:– Attainment Demonstration and RFP– Proposal summer 2019; Adoption early 2020– Expected to be due to EPA in early 2020

Presenter

Presentation Notes

The RFP SIP revision will be combined for HGB and DFW areas


2015 Ozone NAAQS Nonattainment Designations

• Standard is 0.070 ppm– Design values of 70 ppb or less are attainment

• Nine-county DFW marginal nonattainment area– Collin, Dallas, Denton, Ellis, Johnson, Kaufman, Parker,

Tarrant, and Wise Counties (Rockwall County removed)– Effective August 3, 2018

• Six-county HGB marginal nonattainment area– Brazoria, Chambers, Fort Bend, Galveston, Harris, and

Montgomery Counties (Liberty and Waller Counties removed)

– Effective August 3, 2018

• Bexar County marginal nonattainment area– Effective September 24, 2018

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Based on 2016 design values, all Texas nonattainment areas were classified as Marginal. All area design values were 80 ppb or less. A design value of 81 ppb would be considered Moderate.


Texas Nonattainment Areas for the 2015 Ozone NAAQS


2015 Eight-Hour Ozone Standard Nonattainment Area SIP Revisions

• Emissions Inventory (EI) SIP Revisions– Due two years after the effective date of

designations– HGB/DFW EI SIP revisions due by August 3, 2020– Bexar County EI SIP revision due by September

24, 2020– One SIP revision for all three areas

Proposal fall 2019 Adoption summer 2020

• Evaluating possibility of §179B demonstrations for marginal areas− Areas would attain but for international emissions


2015 Ozone NAAQS Final SIP Requirements Rule

• Revocation of the 2008 ozone NAAQS to be addressed in a future rulemaking

• Reasonably available control measures (RACM) for sources outside the nonattainment area– evaluate and implement RACM for sources located

outside the nonattainment area, but within the state, for nonattainment areas classified as moderate or above

• FCAA, §179B demonstrations– §179B not limited to international border areas– RACT and RACM not required for marginal areas

Presenter

Presentation Notes

In the proposed SIP Requirements Rule, EPA proposed two options for revocation of the 2008 ozone NAAQS. 1) One year from 2015 ozone NAAQS designations for the entire country 2) For areas designated nonattainment for the 2008 ozone NAAQS at the time of designations for the 2015 ozone NAAQS, only after approval of a maintenance plan for the 2008 NAAQS. If the EPA finalizes option 2, it would mean that all nonattainment area requirements for the 2008 ozone NAAQS, including reclassification for failure to attain, would remain in place for nonattainment areas until those areas attain the 2008 ozone NAAQS and the EPA has approved a redesignation request and maintenance plan. Under the current regulations, states are only required to evaluate RACM for sources located within the nonattainment area. The EPA proposed to require states that submit a demonstration that a marginal nonattainment area would meet the NAAQS but for emissions from sources located outside the United States to evaluate and implement RACT and RACM. Under the current regulations, no such requirement exists.


SulfurDioxide


2010 SO2 NAAQS

• In June 2010, EPA added a 75 ppb one-hour primary standard (99th percentile over three years).

• Round 1 nonattainment designations were completed in 2013.– No areas in Texas designated as nonattainment

• A March 2015 consent decree set deadlines for EPA to complete designations.– Round 2 by July 2, 2016: areas with monitored

violations or near high-emitting SO2 sources– Round 3 by December 31, 2017: areas that did not

have monitors installed/operating by January 1, 2017– Round 4 by December 31, 2020: all areas remaining

undesignated, including newly monitored areas


Round 2 Designations

• Per the consent decree, EPA identified 12 power plants for Round 2 designations.

• Designations effective September 12, 2016:– Unclassifiable/attainment designations for Atascosa, Fort

Bend, Goliad, Lamb, Limestone, McLennan, and Robertson Counties; Unclassifiable designation for Potter County

• Designations effective January 12, 2017:– Nonattainment designations for portions of Freestone,

Anderson, Rusk, Panola, and Titus Counties; Unclassifiable designation for Milam County

Presenter

Presentation Notes

The SO2 sources addressed under Round 2 designations are sources that emitted greater than 16,000 tons in 2012; or 2,600 tons with an emission rate of 0.45 lbs/mmbtu or higher in 2012. EPA identified 12 power plants in Texas meeting this criteria to be designated under Round 2: Big Brown, Coleto Creek, Harrington, Limestone Station, Monticello, Twin Oaks, San Miguel, Sandow, Sandy Creek, WA Parrish, Martin Lake, and Tolk. Information on these sources was submitted to the EPA in September 2015 with Texas’ updated designations.


Texas SO2 Nonattainment Areas

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Nonattainment Areas: Portions of Freestone and Anderson Counties (Big Brown), Portions of Rusk and Panola Counties (Martin Lake), and A portion of Titus County (Monticello). Big Brown and Monticello are no longer operating.


Nonattainment Areas/Requirements

• EPA notified Vistra Energy in September 2017 that the agency intends to reconsider the nonattainment designations for the three Texas areas.

• Nonattainment area requirements remain.

Presenter

Presentation Notes


SO2 Data Requirements Rule

• The August 2015 Data Requirements Rule (DRR) required states to characterize air quality for SO2sources emitting 2,000 tons or more per year.

• In January 2016, TCEQ identified 24 SO2 sources for air quality characterization.

• In June 2016, TCEQ informed the EPA of its planned evaluation methods for these sources. – Modeling for Oklaunion Power Station in Wilbarger

County, which was submitted to EPA in January 2017.– Monitoring for the remaining sources not already

addressed under the consent decree.• Ongoing monitoring and annual assessment of

emissions changes.

Presenter

Presentation Notes

The TCEQ 2016 Annual Monitoring Network Plan (AMNP) identified all Texas SO2 monitoring locations, to include those required by the DRR to be operational by January 1, 2017 in areas identified for air quality characterization by monitoring. The DRR requires TCEQ to submit an annual report that documents and assesses SO2 emissions changes from sources in areas designated Attainment or Unclassifiable/Attainment based on modeling with actual emissions. This information is provided to EPA annually in an Appendix to the AMNP titled Sulfur Dioxide Ongoing Data Requirements Annual Report.



• EPA’s Round 3 Designations for the 2010 SO2 NAAQS were effective April 9, 2018.

• 238 Texas counties or portions thereof were designated unclassifiable/ attainment, including:– Wilbarger County (for which modeling of

actual emissions was submitted to the EPA); and

– Those portions of Anderson, Panola, Rusk, Freestone, and Titus Counties not previously designated nonattainment in Round 2.


Eleven SO2 Source Monitors in Texas as of January 2017

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Locations of the new monitors that were put in place for areas being characterized through monitoring for designation in Round 4



• Round 4 designations for all remaining undesignated areas to be completed by December 31, 2020

• Areas currently being monitored for Round 4 designation: – Jefferson, Orange, Hutchinson, Navarro,

Bexar, Howard, and Harrison Counties


Lead


Lead

• Lead Redesignation Request and Maintenance Plan SIP revision for Collin County adopted by the commission on October 19, 2016

• June 29, 2017 EPA direct final approval; Effective September 27, 2017 – Approved Redesignation Request and

Maintenance Plan

– Approved 2012 Attainment Demonstration for the 2008 Lead NAAQS and 2009 Second 10-year Maintenance Plan for the 1978 Lead NAAQS


CarbonMonoxide


CO NAAQS

• 2011 NAAQS requires one CO monitor to be collocated with one required near-road NO2monitor in Core-Based Statistical Areas (CBSA) with populations of 1 million or more.

• Monitors were installed in Houston and Fort Worth in 2015.– Fort Worth California Parkway North– Houston North Loop

• Monitors were installed in Austin and San Antonio in December 2016.– Austin North Interstate 35– San Antonio Interstate 35

• All areas in Texas are designated attainment.


CO NAAQS

• In 1990, El Paso was designated as a moderate nonattainment area for CO.

• EPA approved a redesignation request and maintenance plan SIP revision, effective October 3, 2008.

• A second 10-year limited maintenance plan was adopted by the commission on September 7, 2016 and EPA approval was published on March 21, 2017.

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Second 10-year maintenance plan was due to the EPA eight years after the effective date of redesignation, or October 3, 2016.


Nitrogen Dioxide


2010 NO2 NAAQS

• Final rule published February 2010• All Texas areas in attainment• Near-road monitoring network requirements

– Requires one NO2 monitor to be located in CBSAs with populations of 1 million or more

• Monitors installed in Houston, Dallas, San Antonio, and Austin in 2014

• Additional monitors installed in Dallas and Houston in 2015– Fort Worth California Parkway North– Houston North Loop

• Near-road data to date shows compliance with the 2010 standard, highest 98th percentile one-hour measurements for Texas showing approximately less than half of NAAQS (or approximately less than 50 ppb)


Particulate Matter


PM10

• El Paso was designated as a moderate nonattainment area for PM10 in 1990.

• EPA approved the El Paso SIP revision for PM10 on December 14, 2015.– The SIP incorporates a revised

Memorandum of Agreement and a 30 Texas Administrative Code (TAC) Chapter 111 rule change for PM10.

• All other areas in Texas are classified as attainment/unclassifiable for PM10.


PM2.5

• EPA revised the PM2.5 standard in December 2012.

• Annual PM2.5 standard was lowered from 15 to 12 micrograms per cubic meter (µg/m3).

• Designations were finalized in December 2014.

• All areas of Texas were designated unclassifiable/attainment.


2012 PM2.5 Standard

• Near-road monitoring network requirements– Requires one PM2.5 monitor to be collocated with

the required near-road NO2 monitor in CBSAs with populations of 1 million or more

• Monitors installed in Houston and Fort Worth in 2015– Fort Worth California Parkway North– Houston North Loop

• Monitors installed in Austin and San Antonio in January 2017– Austin North Interstate 35– San Antonio Interstate 35

Additional SIP Updates


Anti-Tampering and EAC LIRAP Removal SIP

• The SIP revision removes:– 30 TAC Chapter 114, Subchapter B, Motor Vehicle Anti-

tampering Requirements; and– Section 114.86, Low Income Repair Assistance Program

(LIRAP) for Participating Early Action Compact (EAC) Counties.

• Neither set of rules is a FCAA SIP requirement and neither was adopted into the SIP with associated emission reductions.

• The requested action also withdraws four amendments to anti-tampering rules still pending action by EPA.

• The revision was adopted by the commission on October 17, 2018 and submitted to the EPA on November 12, 2018.

Presenter

Presentation Notes

The request to withdraw pertains to four amendments to the anti-tampering rules that were adopted by the commission but never acted upon by the EPA


Interstate Transport


Interstate Transport for 2008 Ozone Standard

• Texas submitted a SIP revision addressing interstate transport obligations for the 2008 ozone NAAQS in December 2012.

• EPA finalized disapproval of Texas’ 2008 ozone transport SIP on August 12, 2016.

• EPA finalized the Cross State Air Pollution Rule (CSAPR) Update Rule on October 26, 2016 to address interstate transport for the 2008 ozone NAAQS and included Texas.


Infrastructure and Transport SIP Revisions for the 2015 Ozone NAAQS

• Infrastructure and Transport were developed as separate SIP revisions.

• The Transport SIP revision includes a modeling analysis demonstrating that Texas does not significantly contribute to nonattainment or interfere with maintenance of the NAAQS in any other state.

• Both SIP revisions were adopted on August 8, 2018.


NAAQS SIP Adopted

EPA Action: Infrastructure

EPA Action: Transport

EPA Action: Visibility Transport

2008 Lead 2011 Approved 1/2016 Approved 1/2016 Approved 1/2016

2008 Ozone 2012 Approved 9/2016 and 10/2016

Disapproved 8/2016CSAPR Update FIP 10/26/16 (Effective 12/26/16)

Proposed Disapproval 12/2016; 10/17/2017 Final BART FIP*

2010 NO2 2012 Approved 9/2016 and 10/2016 Approved 9/2016

Proposed Disapproval 12/2016; 10/17/2017 Final BART FIP

2010 SO2 2013 Approved 1/2016 TBDProposed Disapproval 12/2016; 10/17/2017 Final BART FIP

2012 PM2.5 2015 Approved 6/2018 Approved 6/2018 TBD

2006 PM2.5 2009 Approved 1/2012 Approved 5/2018Proposed Disapproval 12/2016; 10/17/2017 Final BART FIP

1997 PM2.5 2008 Approved 1/2012 Approved 5/2018Proposed Disapproval 12/2016; 10/17/2017 Final BART FIP

Infrastructure and Interstate Transport SIP Updates

*On August 27, 2018, the EPA re-proposed the October 2017 final Best Available Retrofit Technology (BART) federal implementation plan (FIP) in order to provide an additional opportunity for public comment.

Presenter

Presentation Notes

The EPA disapproved portions of Texas’ infrastructure SIP regarding visibility transport for the 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS, the 1997 ozone NAAQS, the 2006 PM2.5 NAAQS, the 2008 ozone NAAQS, the 2010 NO2 NAAQS, and the 2010 SO2 NAAQS as part of the EPA’s October 2017 Best Available Retrofit Technology (BART) FIP and made a finding that the BART alternatives to address SO2 and NOX BART at Texas’ EGUs meet the interstate visibility transport requirements for these NAAQS. The EPA reaffirmed this action in the August 27, 2018 re-proposal of the BART FIP.


Regional Haze in Class

I Areas

Big Bend National Park

Guadalupe Mountains National Park

NPS Photos


Regional Haze

• The 1999 Regional Haze Rule requires states to restore visibility to natural conditions in 156 national parks and wilderness areas by 2064.

• A Regional Haze SIP revision was submitted to EPA in March 2009. A five-year Regional Haze Progress Report was submitted to EPA on March 20, 2014.

• In 2017, EPA determined that Texas impacts 14 nearby Class I areas:– Texas: Big Bend and Guadalupe Mountains National Parks – Oklahoma: Wichita Mountains Wilderness– Arkansas: Caney Creek and Upper Buffalo Wilderness Areas– New Mexico (5), Missouri (2), Arkansas (2), and Colorado

(2)

Presenter

Presentation Notes

14 Class I Areas from EPA’s final BART FIP October 17, 2017 Arkansas: Caney Creek and Upper Buffalo Wilderness Areas Missouri: Mingo and Hercules-Glades Wilderness Areas New Mexico: Bosque del Apache, Salt Creek, White Mountains, and Wheeler Peak Wilderness Areas; Carlsbad Caverns National Park Colorado: Great Sand Dunes Wilderness Area and Rocky Mountain National Park


Regional Haze

• EPA finalized the reasonable progress FIP on January 5, 2016 requiring seven coal-fired power plants to reduce SO2. However, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit stayed this FIP.

• EPA’s Best Available Retrofit Technology (BART) FIP was final on October 17, 2017. EPA will administer it as a trading program including only specific electric generating units (EGU) in Texas and no out-of-state trading.

• The EPA reconsidered that the final BART FIP satisfied interstate visibility transport for six NAAQS.

Presenter

Presentation Notes

In October 2017, Luminant announced the retirement in early 2018 of three coal fired power plants, which are listed in the FIP: Big Brown, Sandow, and Monticello. Houston Public Media, a service of the University of Houston, confirmed closure of all three plants in February 2018. The TCEQ received requests to void permits from all three of the plants by the end of March 2018 (Sandow, Big Brown, and Monticello).


Amendments to Regional Haze Rule

• Final amendments published on January 10, 2017 in the Federal Register

• Extends the next SIP revision from 2018 to 2021• Five-year progress report no longer has to be a

SIP revision • Increases consultations with Federal Land

Managers (FLM)• Expands Reasonably Available Visibility

Impairment (RAVI), an FLM process, to all states• In January 2018, EPA announced plan to revisit

aspects of the 2017 Regional Haze Rule revisions


Regional Haze Guidance

• In December 2018, the EPA released final guidance for tracking visibility for the second implementation period of the Regional Haze program.

• Two technical aspects of regional haze SIP development: – visibility tracking metrics; and – estimating international anthropogenic

impacts and optional adjustment to the glidepath.


Contact Information

• Kasey Savanich– Data Analysis Team

– 512-239-1145

– [email protected]

• Brian Foster– SIP Team

– 512-239-1930

– [email protected]

• To join the SIP/Air Quality update e-mail list go to: www.tceq.texas.gov/airquality/sip/sipcontact.html

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.tceq.texas.gov/airquality/sip/sipcontact.html

Questions?

update on air quality planning activities for texas · 2019-09-10 · update on the texas sip and...

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