update on corn earworm management in sweet corn rick …...2/15/2019 4 2018 sweet corn insecticide...

21
2/15/2019 1 Update on Corn Earworm Management in Sweet Corn Rick Foster Department of Entomology Purdue University Corn Earworms Primary pest of sweet corn in the Midwest Overwinter at some level in most of Indiana Migrate north from southern locations; migration can occur any time depending on weather patterns First generation (June) is usually fairly small Second generation (August) is usually very large Sweet corn harvested in late August and September is usually severely attacked by corn earworms

Upload: others

Post on 07-Oct-2020

1 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Update on Corn Earworm Management in Sweet Corn Rick …...2/15/2019 4 2018 Sweet Corn Insecticide Trial Insecticide Rate/Acre Application Dates Damaged Kernels/Ear % Clean Ears Untreated

2/15/2019

1

Update on Corn Earworm Management in Sweet Corn

Rick Foster

Department of Entomology

Purdue University

Corn Earworms

• Primary pest of sweet corn in the Midwest

• Overwinter at some level in most of Indiana

• Migrate north from southern locations; migration can occur any time depending on weather patterns

• First generation (June) is usually fairly small

• Second generation (August) is usually very large

• Sweet corn harvested in late August and September is usually severely attacked by corn earworms

Page 2: Update on Corn Earworm Management in Sweet Corn Rick …...2/15/2019 4 2018 Sweet Corn Insecticide Trial Insecticide Rate/Acre Application Dates Damaged Kernels/Ear % Clean Ears Untreated

2/15/2019

2

Corn Earworm Biology

• Females prefer to lay eggs singly on green silks

• Eggs hatch in about 3 days, depending on temperatures

• When eggs hatch, larvae crawl down silk into the ear tip

• Larvae do little or no feeding until they are inside the tip of the ear

• Adult activity can be measured with pheromone traps

General Management Strategy

• A contact insecticide must be present on the silk between the egg and the tip of the ear prior to egg hatch

• Problem is compounded by the growth of silks (1 inch per day) so that each day there is unprotected silks

• Because of silk growth, multiple applications are required

Page 3: Update on Corn Earworm Management in Sweet Corn Rick …...2/15/2019 4 2018 Sweet Corn Insecticide Trial Insecticide Rate/Acre Application Dates Damaged Kernels/Ear % Clean Ears Untreated

2/15/2019

3

What Determines the Level of ControlYou Will Receive?

• Correct insecticide

• Correct timing

• Correct placement

Correct Insecticide2017 Insecticide Trial Results

Insecticide Rate per Acre % Clean Ears Damaged Kernels/Ear

Earworms/ Ear

Untreated ‐‐‐ 7.7 b 24.0 a 1.07 a

Coragen 5 fl. oz. 85.5 a 1.4 b 0.13 b

Radiant 6 fl. oz. 83.0 a 2.0 b 0.17 b

Mustang Maxx 4 fl. oz. 75.9 a 4.0 b 0.28 b

Warrior 1.92 fl. oz 73.0 a 4.4 b 0.28 b

Entrust 2 oz. 66.7 a 5.3 b 0.34 b

Helicovex 1.25 fl. oz. 27.0 b 16.5 a 0.84 a

Page 4: Update on Corn Earworm Management in Sweet Corn Rick …...2/15/2019 4 2018 Sweet Corn Insecticide Trial Insecticide Rate/Acre Application Dates Damaged Kernels/Ear % Clean Ears Untreated

2/15/2019

4

2018 Sweet Corn Insecticide TrialInsecticide Rate/Acre Application Dates Damaged

Kernels/Ear% Clean Ears

Untreated ‐‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐‐ 10.5 A 3 D

CoragenRadiant

5 fl. oz.6 fl. oz.

A B CD E

3.4 BC 31 ABC

Radiant 6 fl. oz. A B C D E 2.9 BC 40 ABC 

Warrior 1.92 fl. oz. A B C D E 5.4 B 30 ABC

CoragenWarrior

5 fl. oz.1.92 fl.oz.

A B CD E

3.0 BC 34 ABC

CoragenWarriorRadiant

5 fl. oz.1.92 fl. oz.6 fl. oz.

A B C A B C D E

D E

1.9 BC 56 A

CoragenHelicovex

5 fl. oz.1.25 fl. oz.

A B CD E

1.5 C 57 A

CoragenHelicovexWarrior

5 fl. oz.1.25 fl. oz.1.92 fl. oz.

A C EB DB D

2.3 BC 48 A B

P>F 0.0001 0.0001

Decision Rules/Correct Timing• Insecticide should be applied if:

• Green silks are present• At least one moth per night is being caught in pheromone traps for early and late plantings

• At least 10 moths per night are being caught in pheromone traps for plantings that are silking at the same time as the surrounding dent corn

• Intervals between sprays will vary between 2 and 5 days depending on trap catch and temperatures

• Applications can cease when most of the silks are brown

Page 5: Update on Corn Earworm Management in Sweet Corn Rick …...2/15/2019 4 2018 Sweet Corn Insecticide Trial Insecticide Rate/Acre Application Dates Damaged Kernels/Ear % Clean Ears Untreated

2/15/2019

5

Correct Placement

•What is the best way to get insecticide on the silks?

•Choices:• Boom sprayer• Boom sprayer with drop nozzles• Airblast sprayer• Airplane• Helicopter• Backpack sprayer

2017 Sprayer Type Experiment

• Obsession sweet corn was planted on July 7

• Plots were 8 rows by 30 feet with four replications

• Treatments were:• Untreated control• Boom sprayer with drop nozzles

• Boom sprayer with no drop nozzles

• Airblast sprayer

• Applications were made on August 25, 28, 31, September 5 and 8.

• Water sensitive cards placed on silks to measure coverage

Page 6: Update on Corn Earworm Management in Sweet Corn Rick …...2/15/2019 4 2018 Sweet Corn Insecticide Trial Insecticide Rate/Acre Application Dates Damaged Kernels/Ear % Clean Ears Untreated

2/15/2019

6

Page 7: Update on Corn Earworm Management in Sweet Corn Rick …...2/15/2019 4 2018 Sweet Corn Insecticide Trial Insecticide Rate/Acre Application Dates Damaged Kernels/Ear % Clean Ears Untreated

2/15/2019

7

Page 8: Update on Corn Earworm Management in Sweet Corn Rick …...2/15/2019 4 2018 Sweet Corn Insecticide Trial Insecticide Rate/Acre Application Dates Damaged Kernels/Ear % Clean Ears Untreated

2/15/2019

8

2017 Sprayer Type Experiment

• At harvest (Sept. 18‐19), 25 ears from each of rows 3 and 6 were harvested from the untreated control, boom with drops, and boom only plots. 

• 25 ears were harvested from each of the 8 rows of the airblast plots

Boom Sprayer with Drop Nozzles

• Boom covered four rows with one nozzle over the top of each row and two drop nozzles for each row, angled slightly upward

• 12 total nozzles for 4 rows

• 26.7 gallons per acre

• 30 psi

• TXVS‐12 conejet nozzles

Page 9: Update on Corn Earworm Management in Sweet Corn Rick …...2/15/2019 4 2018 Sweet Corn Insecticide Trial Insecticide Rate/Acre Application Dates Damaged Kernels/Ear % Clean Ears Untreated

2/15/2019

9

Page 10: Update on Corn Earworm Management in Sweet Corn Rick …...2/15/2019 4 2018 Sweet Corn Insecticide Trial Insecticide Rate/Acre Application Dates Damaged Kernels/Ear % Clean Ears Untreated

2/15/2019

10

Boom Sprayer

• 9 nozzles spaced every 15 inches so there was one nozzle over each row and one offset 15 inches from each row

• 23.1 gallons per acre

• 30 psi

• TXVS‐12 conejet nozzles

Page 11: Update on Corn Earworm Management in Sweet Corn Rick …...2/15/2019 4 2018 Sweet Corn Insecticide Trial Insecticide Rate/Acre Application Dates Damaged Kernels/Ear % Clean Ears Untreated

2/15/2019

11

Airblast Sprayer

• John Bean 458T

• Pressure: 350 psi

• Ground speed: 4.5  mph

• GPA: 40 at 20 foot swath

• Nozzles: Turn over discs (John Bean)

• Tip: Ceramic whirl plates and discs

• Nozzles and air baffles oriented straight into the crop

Page 12: Update on Corn Earworm Management in Sweet Corn Rick …...2/15/2019 4 2018 Sweet Corn Insecticide Trial Insecticide Rate/Acre Application Dates Damaged Kernels/Ear % Clean Ears Untreated

2/15/2019

12

Coverage: Boom Sprayer with Drops

1 2 3 4

Page 13: Update on Corn Earworm Management in Sweet Corn Rick …...2/15/2019 4 2018 Sweet Corn Insecticide Trial Insecticide Rate/Acre Application Dates Damaged Kernels/Ear % Clean Ears Untreated

2/15/2019

13

Coverage: Boom Sprayer No Drops

1 2 3 4

Coverage: Airblast Rep 1

1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8

Page 14: Update on Corn Earworm Management in Sweet Corn Rick …...2/15/2019 4 2018 Sweet Corn Insecticide Trial Insecticide Rate/Acre Application Dates Damaged Kernels/Ear % Clean Ears Untreated

2/15/2019

14

2017 Spray Coverage

Sprayer Type Coverage

Boom with drops 207 a

Boom no drops 150 ab

Airblast 47 b

2017 Spray Coverage by Row with Airblast

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Row

Page 15: Update on Corn Earworm Management in Sweet Corn Rick …...2/15/2019 4 2018 Sweet Corn Insecticide Trial Insecticide Rate/Acre Application Dates Damaged Kernels/Ear % Clean Ears Untreated

2/15/2019

15

2017 Earworm Control

Treatment Percentage Clean Ears Damaged Kernels/Ear Earworms/Ear

Untreated 50.5 9.2 a 0.58 a

Boom with Drops 89.4 0.8 b 0.08 b

Boom with No Drops 82.0 1.9 b 0.18 ab

Airblast 76.6 2.7 b 0.25 ab

2017 Airblast Sprayer: Earworm Control by Row

Row Percentage Clean Ears Damaged Kernels/Ear Earworms/Ear

1 99 a 0.2 a  0.01 a

2 100 a 0.0 a 0.00 a 

3 96 a 0.4 a  0.04 a 

4 92 ab  0.6 ab  0.06 a 

5 70 bc 3.5 b  0.34 b 

6 62 cd  4.7 b 0.40 bc

7 52 cd  5.8 b 0.50 bc

8 42 d 6.3 b 0.63 c

Boom with Drops 89.4 0.8 0.08

Untreated 50.5 9.2 0.58

Page 16: Update on Corn Earworm Management in Sweet Corn Rick …...2/15/2019 4 2018 Sweet Corn Insecticide Trial Insecticide Rate/Acre Application Dates Damaged Kernels/Ear % Clean Ears Untreated

2/15/2019

16

2018 Sprayer Type Experiment

• Obsession sweet corn was planted on July 2• Plots were 8 rows by 30 feet with four replications• Treatments were:

• Untreated control• Boom sprayer with drop nozzles• Boom sprayer with no drop nozzles• Airblast sprayer• Cannon airblast sprayer

• Applications were made on August 22, 24, 27, 29, and 31.

• Water sensitive cards placed on silks to measure coverage

Page 17: Update on Corn Earworm Management in Sweet Corn Rick …...2/15/2019 4 2018 Sweet Corn Insecticide Trial Insecticide Rate/Acre Application Dates Damaged Kernels/Ear % Clean Ears Untreated

2/15/2019

17

Coverage: Cannon Rep 1

1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8

2018 Spray Coverage

Sprayer Type Coverage

Boom with drops 207 ab

Boom no drops 157 ab

Airblast 103 b

Cannon 347 a

Page 18: Update on Corn Earworm Management in Sweet Corn Rick …...2/15/2019 4 2018 Sweet Corn Insecticide Trial Insecticide Rate/Acre Application Dates Damaged Kernels/Ear % Clean Ears Untreated

2/15/2019

18

2018 Spray Coverage By RowBlue = Cannon   Red = Airblast

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

2018 Earworm Control

Treatment Percentage Clean Ears Damaged Kernels/Ear Earworms/Ear

Untreated 11.5 C 12.0 A 0.42 A

Boom with No Drops 40.5 AB 3.6 BC 0.17 BC

Boom with Drops 56.0 A 1.9 C 0.09 C

Airblast 40.0 B 5.0 B 0.22 B

Cannon 52.4 A 2.8 C 0.12 C

Page 19: Update on Corn Earworm Management in Sweet Corn Rick …...2/15/2019 4 2018 Sweet Corn Insecticide Trial Insecticide Rate/Acre Application Dates Damaged Kernels/Ear % Clean Ears Untreated

2/15/2019

19

2018 Airblast Sprayer: Earworm Control by Row

Row Percentage Clean Ears Damaged Kernels/Ear Earworms/Ear

1 74 A 0.94 C 0.01 D

2 68 A 1.39 C 0.02 D

3 49 AB 1.95 C 0.13 CD

4 39 BC 2.62 BC 0.11 CD

5 26 BC 6.42 AB 0.35 AB

6 30 BC 7.53 A 0.25 BC

7 18 C 9.27 A 0.39 AB

8 16 C 9.91 A 0.46 A

Boom with Drops 56 1.9 0.09

Untreated 11.5 12.0 0.42

2018 Cannon Sprayer: Earworm Control by Row

Row Percentage Clean Ears Damaged Kernels/Ear Earworms/Ear

1 62 1.95 B 0.03 C

2 55 2.26 AB 0.12 ABC

3 52 3.16 AB 0.18 AB

4 49 2.97 AB 0.07 BC

5 53 2.02 B 0.12 ABC

6 58 2.41 AB 0.11 ABC

7 53 2.50 AB 0.11 ABC

8 37 5.38 A 0.24 A

Boom with Drops 56 1.90 0.09

Untreated 11.5 12.0 0.42

Page 20: Update on Corn Earworm Management in Sweet Corn Rick …...2/15/2019 4 2018 Sweet Corn Insecticide Trial Insecticide Rate/Acre Application Dates Damaged Kernels/Ear % Clean Ears Untreated

2/15/2019

20

Disclaimer

• For each of the sprayers, there are a number of variables that could be modified that might change the results 

Take Home Messages

• In our study, a boom sprayer with drop nozzles provided better earworm control than a boom sprayer without drop nozzles

• In our study, both boom sprayers provided better earworm control than an airblast sprayer over 8 rows

• In our study, an airblast sprayer provided better control than either of the boom sprayers in the first 4 rows

• In our study, an airblast sprayer did not provide acceptable control after more than 4 rows

• The use of water sensitive cards on the silks provided an accurate prediction of the level of earworm control

Page 21: Update on Corn Earworm Management in Sweet Corn Rick …...2/15/2019 4 2018 Sweet Corn Insecticide Trial Insecticide Rate/Acre Application Dates Damaged Kernels/Ear % Clean Ears Untreated

2/15/2019

21

Questions?