update on organon - autism.pptx
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7/27/2019 UPDATE ON ORGANON - AUTISM.pptx
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UNDERSTANDING AUTISM FROM
ANTHROPOLOGICALPERSPECTIVE
FROM:
DR. BIPIN JETHANI M.D. (Hom.)
LECTURER, DEPARTMENT OF ORGANON OF MEDICINENEHRU HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICAL COLLEGE,
NEW DELHI
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PERSONALITY TRAIT OF AUTISM
Autistic children are of high intelligencewith better appreciation for microscopicdetails enabling them to ‘APPRECIATE THE TREES FOR THE FOREST’
Breakdown of WHOLISTIC PERCEPTION
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RESEARCH PERSPECTIVE
Autism spectrum conditions are more prevalentin areas that are heavily involved with theinformation technology industry, according to a
new study done at the University of Cambridge. Based on data drawn from threeregions in the Netherlands, researchers foundthat an area with a technology-oriented
university and tech-business campus saw twoto four times the incidences of autism inschoolchildren as control regions.
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Simon Baron-Cohen’s RESEARCH
Simon Baron-Cohen, one of the researchers
and director of Cambridge's Autism
Research Centre, proposes that regionswhere parents gravitate toward jobs
involving "systemizing," like IT, have a
higher rate of autism because the genesfor autism are expressed "as a talent in
systemizing" in first-degree relatives.
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Simon Baron-Cohen’s RESEARCH
Baron-Cohen goes on to say that the results may
explain why autism genes have persisted in
the gene pool: they are linked to "adaptive,
advantageous traits : traits which held to
understand the microscopic details at the
expense of whole.
SEEING TREES FOR THE FOREST
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HALLMARK STUDY OF COHEN etal.
Is there a link between engineering and autism?
Simon Baron-Cohen, Sally Wheelwright, CarolStott, Patrick Bolton, and Ian Goodyer
Departments of Experimental Psychology andPsychiatry, University of Cambridge
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HALLMARK STUDY OF COHEN etal
At the cognitive level children with autism areimpaired in the development of their “folk psychology”, whilst they are normal or evensuperior in the development of their “folk physics”.
We predicted that if their parent shared thiscognitive phenotype, then they should be over-represented in engineering as an occupation.
This prediction was confirmed. Both fathers and
grandfathers of children with autism were foundmore than twice as often in the field of engineering, compared to fathers andgrandfathers of other children.
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Baron-Cohen’s HYPOTHESIS
Baron-Cohen proposes that the cause of
autism at a biological level may be hyper-
masculinization. This hypothesis positsthat certain features of autism
(‘obsessions’ and repetitive behaviour,
previously regarded as ‘purposeless’) asbeing highly purposive, intelligent (hyper-
systemizing), and a sign of a different way
of analytical thinking.
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Baron-Cohen’s HYPOTHESIS
They later developed theory that
autism is an extreme form of the
"male brain", which involved a re-conceptualisation of typical
psychological sex differences in
terms of empathizing –systemizing
theory.
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EMPATHIZING – SYSTEMIZING
(E-S) THEORY
• The empathizing – systemizing (E-S)
theory classifies people on the basis of their
scores along two dimensions: empathizing (E)
and systemizing (S). It measures a person's
strength of interest in empathy (defined as the
drive to identify a person's thoughts and
feelings and to respond to these with anappropriate emotion); and a person's strength
of interest in systems (defined as the drive to
analyse or construct a system).
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E-S profile SEX DIFFERENCES
• E-S profiles show reliable sex
differences in the general population
(more females showing the profile E>Sand more males showing the profile
S>E). The E-S theory is a better predictor
of who goes into STEM (Science,Technology, Engineering and
Mathematics) subjects than is gender.
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BARON-COHEN’S STUDIES
Baron-Cohen’s studies have uncovered four traitsof parents which he believes leads to a higher
risk of producing a child which may develop
autism, these include:
1) Both parents of children with autism are likely
to be super-fast on attention tasks, in which thepurpose is to spot a detail as quickly as possible.
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BARON-COHEN’S STUDIES
2) Both parents have an increased likelihood of
having worked in the fields having S>E according
to EMPATHIZING – SYSTEMIZING theory.
3) Both parents are more likely to have elevated
scores on subtle measures of autistic traits.
4) Both parents show a trend toward a more male
pattern of brain activity when measured with an
MRI.