update on southern company’s ccs r&d projects
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Research Experience in Carbon Sequestration
June 18, 2013
Update on Southern Companys
Carbon Capture and Geologic StorageR&D Projects
Richard A. Esposito, Ph.D.
Southern Company
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CCS Technology DriversCompliance with carbon legislation
or GHG environmental regulation
200 years of domestic fossil-fuelresources with stable pricingDepreciated fossil-fuel generation
assets with state-of-the-art
environmental controls
Challenging regional renewableportfolio
World class sequestration geologywith strong demand for CO2-EOR
Research Drivers
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CommercialCCUS
Economic CaptureAdvanced processesNew chemistry
Economies of scale
Station serviceCapital costs
Secure StorageSite characterizationMonitoring toolsInjection simulationUIC permitting
Scenario PlanningSystem analysisCO2use
Regional Infrastructure
Public AcceptanceInternal StakeholdersRegulators
NGOsGeneral public
The Commercialization Puzzle
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Research Culture/Beliefs
Maintain a corporate focus on R&D Learn by doing internally but
collaborate externally to leverage
resourcesNew technologies will address future environmental
challenges
Maintain a centralized R&D organization Adopt intellectual property positions that do not impedetechnology development and deployment In-house expertise allows flexibility in future commercial
business models
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Demonstration CommercializationDevelopmentPerformance & CostReduction
1-10 MWe Scale
Engineering &Operation
10-100 MWe Scale
Reliability
100+ MWe Scale
ResearchPerformance & CostReduction
Bench-top Scale
Technology Development Curve
Tec
hnologyMaturity
2010 201620142012 2018 2020 2030
$$$$ $$$$$$$$ $,$$$$,$$$
Demonstration: a
showing of the merits of aproduct or service to aprospective consumer
Full-time research at small unit or slip-streamGather results for commercial projectsUtility host and vendors are main fundersDOE & EPRI funding necessary
Commercial: suitable,adequate, or prepared for[normal] commerce
Small full-scale plantProof-of-performance research; guaranteesHost utility fundedDOE & EPRI funding possible
Research:studious inquiryor examination
First step in processMany ideas, many failuresUtilities usually not funding or
involved
Typically university andnational lab work
Development: toexpand by a process ofgrowth
Move from lab to practical testingOnly successful ideas from smaller scaleUtilities get involvedHost utility + DOE & EPRI funding normal
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CCS R&D Program
Efforts key to our long-term clean coal success
Applied Science
Carbon Capture
Utilization Storage
Capture
Transportation
Pilot Scale
Storage
Laboratory Testing
External Collaborations
Demonstration Scale Applied Science
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Plant Barry CCS DemonstrationWorlds largest capture facility on a fossil-fueled power plant
CarboncapturefromPlantBarry(equivalentto25MWofelectricity).
12mileCO2pipelinelinkingcapturedCO2withtheinjecEonsite.
CO2injecEoninto~9.400K.deepsalineformaEon(Paluxy)atthe
CitronelleOilField.
MonitoringofCO2storageduringinjecEonandthreeyearspost-injecEon.
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Project Status (as of April 30 2013)
139,200metrictonscaptured(sinceJuly2011) CO2captureunitranintermiSently14monthspriortostartofthe
storageprogram.
55,866metrictonsinjected&stored(sinceAugust2012) 9monthselapsedbetweengranEngofClassVpermitandauthorizaEonto
inject.
IntermiSentoperaEonsbasedonforcedandplannedoutagesandfueldispatch
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25-MW Integrated CCS Demonstration
90% CO2 capture @ 99.97 purity Capture operations began in June
2011 with integrated injection
operations in August 2012
300 feet
150 feet
Alabama PowerPlant Barry
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Project Integration Questions
ThedemonstraEonofintegraEonofcapturefromacoal-firedpowerplantwithtransportandinjecEonintoadeepsaline
formaEonispioneeringforaCCproject.
eyintegraEonquesEons: WhatbusinessrelaEonshipsmustbeestablished? HowcanCO2transportaEon&injecEonimpactcaptureunit? HowcanplantshutdownimpactCO2transportaEonandinjecEon?
WhattypesofcommunicaEonsandcontrolsystemsareneeded?
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Opportunity to study optimizing
stacked storage reservoirs with
multiple seals and four-way closure
Modeling and storage
capacity.
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Geologic Characterizationto advance site storage certification for commercial deployment
Alabama Power William Crawford
Gorgas Stratigraphic Test Well
Mississippi Power Victor J. DanielCO2 Pilot Injection Study
Alabama Power James M. Barry
CO2 Injection Demonstration
Department of Energy Carbon Utilization
and Storage Atlas Fourth Edition
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Plant: 582-MW TRIG IGCCLocation: Kemper County, MSFuel: Mine-Mouth Lignite, ~4M tons/yrCost: $2.4 billionCO2 Capture: 65%, ~3.4M tons/yrWater: Meridian Treated EffluentBy-Products: Sulfuric Acid & Ammonia
Plant Ratcliffe The Kemper ProjectFrom Research to Commercial Reality
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The National Carbon Capture Centerat the Power Systems Development Facility
Offering a world-class neutral test
facility and a highly specialized staff,
the National Carbon Capture Center
accelerates the commercialization of
advanced technologies and enables
coal-based power plants to achievenear-zero emissions.
Post-Combustion
Pre-Combustion
Oxy-Combustion
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Geologic cap rock integrity labLong-term Storage Integrity
Motivation behind the geology integrity lab:
Demonstrate long term storage integrity Regulation of injection pressure Reassure stakeholders that geologic sequestration
is safe and secure
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Cap rock integrity lab samples
Sample Analysis:1) SECARB Black Warrior Basin Coal Seam
CO2 Storage Project, Geologic Survey of
Alabama
2) Montana State University,
Advanced CO2 Leakage Mitigation using
Engineered Biomineralization Sealing
Technologies
3) SECARB Phase III 25-MW CCS Demo,
Alabama Power Plant Barry
Advanced Resources International
4) Site Characterization for CO2 Storage from
Coal-Fired Power Facilities in the Black
Warrior Basin, Alabama Power Plant Gorgas,
University of Alabama
Measurements:
Porosity by imbibition with brinePermeability using N2, He, and CO2Minimum capillary displacementPressure using brine and N2 or CO2
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Controlled release in groundwater
PW-1 IW-1
CO2
Dissolved
CO2
Pump out Pump in
Monitor
CarbonatedGWGroundwater (GW)
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Experiment well field layout
NBG-1
IW-1MW-3
MW-4
PW-1
MW-1
MW-2
Pumping Well
Injection
Well
208ft
Background
Well
MW-2
IW-1
MW-3
MW-1MW-4
Monitoring
Wells
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Well bore leakage mitigationStorage security and Risk Management
Motivation behind the leakage mitigation study:
Wellbores are identified as a leakage pathway riskin many storage systems
Biological control of permeability and sealing leakingboreholes
Sealing fractures and cap rocksReassure stakeholders that geologic sequestrationis safe and secure
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Before images of induced fractures
Region of fracture
Thecorewas
hydraulicallyfractured
underambient
condi5onsrightbefore
loadingintothevessel.
Dis5nctflowchannels
wereformed.
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After images of
sealed fractures
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Proof of concept to field demonstration
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Risk ManagementValuation of human health and the environmental damages
Motivation behind the valuation study: Develop a credible and widely applicable framework for calculating the
financial damages associated with accidents from CCS projects
Gain a better understanding of project liabilities and reservoir specificsensitivities for project development, including the circumstances andtimeframe under which these liabilities may present
Useful tool in the public debate around policy options for addressingguidance to EPA on permitting financial assurance requirements
Foundation for communicating risk and risk management tostakeholders
Help inform the discussion around the need and role of 3rd party captiveinsurance programs, the public role in long-term stewardship of CCS,and project finance
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Results are presented in $2010. As shown, most likely (50th percentile) estimated damagestotal approximately $1.05 million. Upper end (95th, 99th percentiles) total approximately
$3.36 million and $4.87 million, respectively.
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Research Experience in Carbon SequestrationDevelopment of a future workforce and technology transfer
Students selected to participate in a two week workshop where they
learned about CCS and CCUS from experts in industry, the research
community, NGOs and the government; along with participating in
group exercises, workshops, and field trips.
www.recsco2.org
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Other supported projects
Development of CSA US-Canada Bilateral Standards for GeologicStorage of CO2
Development of ANSI ISO TC-265 standards for carbon captureand geologic storage
CCS Technology and Pipeline Infrastructure Study (LANL) Florida Panhandle Pipeline Infrastructure Model (University of
North Florida)
Carbon Sequestration Simulation Center (UAB)
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And this is where theCO2 will maybe go. I
thinks its OK, but
well see later. If itCOME back up I amback to the ZOO!