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Orthodontic Instruments

Contents Introduction Brief History Orthodontic Instruments Materials Manufacturing Parts Of Pliers Grasp Features Of Orthodontic Instruments

Classification Of Orthodontic Instruments

Diagnostic Instruments Separator Placement Band Forming Instruments Bracket Positioning Instruments Ligature Instruments Cutters Debonding Instruments Wire Bending Instruments Wire Forming instruments Measuring Instruments Other Instruments

Maintenance Sterilization References

IntroductionTool

“A device or implement, especially one held in the hand, used to carry out a particular function”

Pliers

“A tool with scissor-action, pointed-jawed tool for bending or cutting metal wires or grasping small objects.”

PrincipleFirst Class Lever

Class Three Lever

Brief History 3000 BC – Bronze Age

Evolved from Tongs Hand Tool used to hold objects firmly

Late 17th Century – Pierre Fauchard – Needle Nose Pliers Often used tools from Watch maker and Jewellers

Stainless

Steel

88% Iron 12%

Chromium

0.2% Carbon

Tungsten

Carbide Steel

Equal parts of

TungstenCarbon

German Stainle

ss SteelIron

Chromium Nickel Molybde

num

Titanium Alloy

Aluminium

Vanadium

Orthodontic Instruments Materials

ManufactureRed Hot Metal Forged in Die by

pressure Trimming of Forged rod

Shaping the beak by Cutting Austempering Salt Water Rapid Cooling

Laser Heat treatment of Beak Pair of Handle is assembled by Rivet Martempering

Cool in Oil Solution Dip in Corrosion Resistant Laser Engraving

Parts Of PlierBeak

Joint

Handle

GraspThumb and Palm Grip -

Pen Grip -

Joints

Box Joint

Screw Joint

Features Of Orthodontic Instruments Stainless steel Tungsten Carbide Tips Hinge or Pivot joint Gold brazing Rounded tips Serrations on working ends Inner Surface of beak Bow out handles Laser Marking

Diagnostic Instruments Mouth Mirror Probe Explorer Tweezer Impression trays Lip Retactor Intraoral Mirror

Instruments for placement of Separator

Separator Placing Pliers

Stainless steel Spring back action Use - Expanding elastic separators before positioning

them interdentally. Barrel-shaped tip prevents slippage of the module,

reduces the risk of tissue damage. Angled beaks facilitate easier placement of elastic

separators in anterior and posterior areas

Band Forming Instruments

Band Cutting Scissors Hardened stainless steel with tungsten carbide inert

cutting tip Cutting Edge Pattern

straight or curved pattern long and short

Use - cutting thin metal bands or band material

Mershon Band Pusher Handle is cylindrical and working end

is serrated Use –

push bands so as to seat adapt to contour of the teeth

Band Pinchable Plier Beaks are in triangular passion with inner surfaces

had serrated for better control of band material. It has two types curved and straight. Curved (45˚) pinchable plier used for lower band

preparation , and straight is used for upper band preparation.

Use - for pinching of bands during band preparation

Peak Plier Beaks - Contour fitting to the side of a tooth is aided

by the concave surface or depression at the outer ends of each of the band clamping portion.

Use - for preparation of band to tooth.

Double Beak Pliers Stainless steel Double beak pliers are used for

forming bands in the mouth. Types - Anterior and posterior

band fabrications. These were important when all

teeth were Banded Use - preparation of band to

tooth

Nylon Band Seater High impact plastics or wood The biting surface - Tin inlay with serrated surface Shape –

Round Square Triangular

Use – Patient is asked to bite on the surface with the tin inlay tip resting on the lug or the band edge.

Band Crimping Plier Use - contour the gingival surface of preformed

bands to provide better tooth anatomy

Photo – Hu-friedy Catalog

Johnson Band Contouring Plier

Beaks - Tapered with a slight bow.

One beak is concave and other is convex allowing re-contouring of bands.

Use - re-contour band edges that sometimes get bent during band placement.

Anterior Band Removing Pliers

Beak - narrow groove and sharp end One beak is shorter

Oliver Jones Posterior Band Removing Plier Beaks - Plastic padded tip and sharp removing beak Plastic head rest on the occlusal surface of tooth and

the sharp tip below the gingival contour of the band. Use - Remove posterior metal bands with maximum

patient comfort.

Bracket Instruments

Boons Gauge It is the most frequently used bracket positioning aid. Stainless steel. It accurately measures height of bracket placement from the

incisal edge at 3.5, 4, 4.5 and 5mm. Flat surface rests on incisal/occlusal surface of tooth. Simplifies seating the bracket on the teeth with exactly the

right distance between bracket slot and incisal edge with pencil lid or metal tips.

Bracket Positioning & Height Gauge Aluminum or stainless steel Use - This device simplifies the seating of brackets on the

teeth with exactly the right distance between the bracket slot and incisal edge.

Adjustable for use on both anterior and posterior teeth. Measures height of bracket placement from the incisal edge

at 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5 and 5.5mm. Works with .022 & .018 bracket system.

Photo – Leone Catalog

Bracket Holder It holds any type of bracket from a wide twin to a

single one. Reverse action type handle which on pressing the

handle open-up the beaks. Beaks are diamond shaped with serrations to grip the

bracket. Flat end of the handle used to press the bracket into

position for bonding.

Curved Bracket Holder Serrated Tips Use – Lingual Bracket placement

Photo – iXion Catalog

Modified Bracket Positioning Holder

Combined Gauge with Bracket Holding Forcep

Photo – Contm. Clini. Dentistry

Lingual Bracket & Tube Holder

Reverse Action Curved Beaks help in unobstructed

placement Use – For placement of Lingual Brackets,

Tubes and Attachments


Orthodontic Bracket Card It is used to organize and hold orthodontic brackets to facilitate

quick bracket placement. Each circle on the card corresponds to a particular tooth in the

mouth. Brackets are placed corresponding to the tooth to be bonded.

Ligature Instruments

Mosquito Forceps Types

Straight Curved

Use Placing Elastic Ligature Tightening Wire Ligature


Mathieu Plier Locking And Spring

Back Mechanism Serrated tips Types

TC tip Straight Curve

RMOrtho Wide Hole

Shape Mini Standard Narrow


Coon Style Ligature ‘Y’ shaped tip Tie long Ligature into figure of 8

Photo – Dentsply Catalog

Speedo Ligature Director Double Ended Removing and Placing Ligature

Twister Twisting Ligature wire

Photo – Dental USA Catalog

Ligature Tucker Types

Single end Double

Use – To Tuck cut end of Ligature

Straight Shooter Ligature Gun Thermoplastic Material

Types Mini Bracket Shooter Twin Bracket Shooter

Use – Elastomeric to Edgewise Bracket

Cutter

Hard Wire Cutter Hard wire cutters have hard metal tips or tungsten

carbide tips. These are heavier and larger than the pin and ligature

cutters. These are used to cut all wires up to 0.020" round

Manu’s Heavy Wire Cutter’s

Heavy gauge side cutters. They are capable of cutting wires of up

to 1.3 mm diameter. Laboratory purpose

Face Bow Bending / Cutting Plier

The face bow bending pliers are ideal for bending and cutting the outer bows of a face bow.

These can be used to bend wires up to a diameter of 1.8 mm.

Distal End Cutter The distal end cutter is capable of cutting arch wires

up to 0.56 x 0.70 mm/ .022" x .028 " both intraoral and extra oral

Use - Exclusively for cutting the distal end of wire protruding out of the molar tubes

It had a ‘safety’ mechanism to hold the cut arch wire so it does not fall into the patients mouth.

Photo – Hu-Friedy Catalog

Distal End Cutter Angulated 45 ° and 90˚ angled cutting tips For Posterior Areas

Lingual Distal End Cutter Used to cut distal end in lingual orthodontics


Kruz Distal End Cutter Similar to distal end cutter Difference - Designed with long body so it can reach

back into depth of mouth

Pin & Ligature Cutter - PLC Stainless steel or Tungsten

carbide Right to the tip, for smooth

cutting of soft ligature wires and lock pins and elastomerics

Ligatures up to 0.015mm in diameter

Types Mini Micro Mini Micro Mini 15 degree

Debonding Instruments

Bracket & Adhesive Removing Pliers

Use - for removing bonded brackets. The wide tips wedge between both the edges of the base

of the bracket and the tooth surface(incisal-gingival direction), easily lifting off the bracket.

Types Straight 60° angled tip

Anterior debonding plier is also used for removal of adhesive remanant on enamel surface after bracket debonding

Kurz Lingual Bracket Removing Plier

It is designed to fit the design of lingual brackets under the lingual hooks and bite turbos.

This instrument incorporates a state of the art spring mechanism to improve durability and has an increased arm radius to allow for better movement.

Use - to removal of lingual brackets and bite turbos.

Clasp Forming Instruments

Clasp Forming Instruments

Adam’s Plier Hard stainless steel with or without TC tip Beaks - two smooth rectangular beaks The distance between hinge pin and the tips of the

beaks is short The sides of the beaks are flat Edges of the grasping surface of the beaks are sharp

and textured Inner surfaces - Not polished for better grip Use – For fabrication of the Adam's clasp

Adam’s Clasp Bending Plier Special pliers for easy forming of Adams' clasps in

one step. Used for wires up to the diameter of 1 mm.

Arrow Clasp Bending Plier Arrow clasp bending pliers are used to bend the arrow

clasp Used for wires up to the diameter of 0.7 mm.

Arrow Clasp Former Arrow clasp former is used for hard wires up to

0.7mm/0.028". Use - forms the clasp of the shape and small stops in

the arch wire

Adam’s Spring Forming Plier

Beaks - One beak is rounded and other is square/flat ended.

Use - to adjust springs on orthodontic removable appliances and to smooth and contour arch wires

Up to 0.7mm

Swartz Plier Clasp Forming 0.028” or 0.7mm Wire


Arch Forming Instruments

Bird Beak Plier Stainless Steel Beaks – Pyramid Shape Use – Utility Plier,Up to 0.030”/0.76mm,

Round Wire


Light Wire Plier Beaks – Long and Tapered Types

Smooth Serrated

Use - up to 0.5mm/0.020” Arch Form & Spring Preparation


Jarabak Plier Modification of Light Wire Plier Precision Groove


Howe Plier Lip Shape

Types Straight Curved


Weingart Plier Serrated tips Use – Placement of Archwire Up to 0.020”/0.5mm


Tweed Plier


Serrated tips Use – Edgewise Technique

Stoppage Bends

Three Jaw Plier 3 tips Up to 0.030” Use

Activation of quad Helix Bends in Lingual bar and Wire


Lingual Arch Plier Use – Double and Triple Back Bends


Turret The wire slotted body is made of stainless steel It is used for preparation of arch wires with or without torque

adjustment. It is available in six different versions and colors – Blue,

Black, Gold, Silver, Purple, Green.

Turret – Blue

Turret – Black

It is used for forming rectangular arch wires..016’’ to .0215’’

It is used for forming rectangular arch wires with torque adjustments : 00 – 100 – 160 – 230 For use only with wire : .016’’ x .022’’

Turret – Gold

Turret – Silver

It is used for forming rectangular arch wires with torque adjustments : 00 – 70 – 100 - 130 – 160 For use only with wire : .018’’

It is used for forming rectangular arch wires with torque adjustments : 00 – 100 – 160 – 230 For use only with wire : .022’’

Turret – Purple

Turret – Green

It is used for forming rectangular arch wires with torque adjustments : 00 – 100 – 160 - 230

For use only with wire : .016” x .016”It is used for forming round arch wires For use only with wire : .014” - .016” - .018” - .020”

De La Rosa Contouring Pliers Guiding grooves for forming round and square arches

0.016", 0.018", 0.020" and 0.022". Use - helps to accentuate the curvature in the arch

wire.

Hook Crimping Plier Designed to crimp stops, hooks and posts to archwire


V Bending Plier 1mm V bend


Rose Torquing Plier Used In Pair To give Labial or Lingual Torque


Loop FormingInstruments

Young’s Loop Forming Plier Stainless Steel with Tungsten Carbide Tips

It can be used for wires up to the diameter of 1 mm

Use – To form loops

Nance Loop Forming Plier

Steps 3mm 4mm 5mm 6mm

Use – Round and Rectangular Wire

Up to 0.7mm/ 0.028”


Tweed Plier Beak – One Cylindrical & Concave Beak

Use Multiple Loops Omega Loops


Omega Loop Forming Plier Electro-etched Beak Steps

0.045” 0.060” 0.075”

Use – Up to 0.021” x 0.028” Round Omega Loop


Loop Tie Back Plier Steps

2mm 3mm 4mm 5mm

Use – Closing loops are made to desired heights

Optical Plier Beak – One Round & Concave Beak

Use Stop in Wire Loop Tie Back Gable Bend


MeasuringInstruments

Dontrix Gauge Stainless Steel

Measures Orthodontic Forces

Correx Gauge Measures Orthodontic

Forces Measure and calibrate

the pressure or force required

Vernier Scale Originated in Ancient

China

Measures Orthodontic Forces

Repair of Instruments

Repair Blunt Tips Distorted plane of Joint Gap between contact surface of beaks Beveled edges Worn Beak

Image – Competitor Repair

Maintenance of Instruments

Maintenance Handle Gently Avoid Mishandling Discard corroded instruments Check beaks regularly Use for the prescribed purpose Lubricate Joints before sterilization Dry instruments before sterilization

Sterilization

Sterilization Pre Cleaning

Instrument Washer Ultrasonic cleaner

Chemiclave Autoclove

References The Design, Construction and Use of Removable

Orthodontic Appliances (5th ed) – C. Philip Adams Modified Bracket Positioning Holder – Contemporary

Clinical Dentistry, April 2011 Vol-2 Issue-2 – Dr Nandish Shetty

Textbook Of Orthodontics (2nd Ed) – Gurkeerat Singh Catalog

TP orthodontics iXion Leone Dentarum 3M Unitek American Orthodontics Dentsply

Thank You

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