upstream c1 engl 11 7.pdf

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Reading- Part 1

1 Youare going to read three short extracts whichare all linked to one theme.

a. Quickly readthrough the titles of the extracts

and saywhat theme links the three texts. What

aspectof this theme does eachextract deal with?

b. Lookat thestatementsbelow.Doyouthink

theyaretrue?Discusswith apartner.

'... wewish our elderly to live asfulfilled and

independenta life aspossible.'

'... we are becoming an increasingly elderly

society.. .'

2 Readthe extracts. Forquestions 1-6, choose the

answer (A, B,C or D)which you think fits best

according to the text.

As medical science progresses, we are becoming an

increasingly elderly society and, although living to a ripe

old age can only be a good thing, it bringswith it a large

number of problems that we have yet to deal with

5 properly. One such problem is that the burden of

financing care for the elderly is falling on a reduced

percentage of the population. The gradual but steady

74

B Suggestions for working with

elderly immigrant patients

trend towards smaller families means a smaller number

of people to pay for the requirements of an increasin~'

elderly population. The services needed by the elderl;

are currently stretched to breaking point. Nursing

homes, homecare, meals on wheels and so on all need

more investment ifwe wishour elderly to live as fulfillet.and independent a life as possible. Young people toda.

are encouraged to start saving with personal pensic::

schemes as early as possible to ensure an adequate!.

financed retirement, since it is predicted that statt'

pension levels in the future will not be enough [,

guarantee a continuation of the lifestyle they ha'_become accustomed to. In the interim we will have [,

cope with an increasing older population who ar~

discovering too late that the steps they had taken .

guarantee an income for their later years were I1;,

sufficient. Obviously, the pressure on public funds-.subsidise this shortfall is enormous.

Financingcare for the elderly is becoming-difficult because

A oldpeoplerequiremoreserviceshantheyuSe.

B there are fewerworkingpeopleto pay=JnecessaryervICes.

( livinga fulfilledandindependentifeisCOS'

D nursinghomesarenotadequatelyunded

2 Thosepeoplewho aredueto retireshortly

A will receivea largepensionrompublicfll":B haveallpaidlargeamountsntopersonalpc",

schemes.

( will have a guaranteedincome during

retirement.D will find that their pensionsarelowerthar

expected.



-,,,"

o pay,

.: :competencen bothmainstreamculture andthenativecultureof

_ ..::invaluableesourcenb~ildingtrustandbridgingculturalgaps.~ rolesofbiculturalndividualshroughemploymentsinterpreters.cshasthe potential for long-lastingbenefit to the health care

_-~ ~e community.

explore the concerns of patients and to confirm mutual

-= .:essential.lthoughofteninitiallytime-consuming,sensitivend~Dt builds trust andmay help avoid repeatvisits for the same

_ mpliance,andothermisunderstandings..re.h.asftenbeeninadequate,providersshouldpayspecialattentionto

~ .r. forelderlymmigrants,ncludingancercreening,mmunisations,. e care.Cliniciansneedto remainalertto thepresenceof medical_':!tierscommonn thepatient'spreviousenvironment..=cerelyrespectandtry to understandheirpatientsfrom another

- "'goerbondthat developselpsmutualgoalsettinganddecreases_ .des.Sensitivityo familyandcommunityrolesandexpectationss

: - ers in court battle

__:;:n charges.ManyOAPshavebeen

~~ petrifiedthattheymaybegoingto-u 'mreatening'olicitor'setterfrom.." ,rsto recovermoneyon behalfof

: !Jthecompanysaystheyareowed

~rs' rubbish..: _ill receiptof 'a full bin waiver'the

_~ dIebeingissuedwithsummonsor

= e.;.robil l plus costsof around 50

-.= Long.Accordingto Cllr Long,

~ ~prehensiveoverthe upcoming~ ':::d it difficultto understandhe

:-;ngletters'.~- ...:TIanwith dementiaalsohadto

...lie alleged'debt' after returning

_oedandcompletelydependenton

_~ .this is an appalling situation

~--ebeing hounded for cash even~::-- Df a full waiver'. The recent

.. pensionersto pay their money

::-:r mentionsFridaythe thirteenth in para 1 in

~

sona

~ 'fJichdaythe refusecollectionook place.-eaders ofthe dateof the courtcase.

~ 52 thatthepensionersretoosuperstitious.;-: :fJatit maybeanunpleasantdayfor the:;'5.

dlJ~

-aJOe in Limerickhave not paid the company

lower"

c:;"s lettersarenoteasyo read.

~ e 2dtheydidnot haveto pay.

--'_-: theyoweishigherthanexpected.

'='a,readypaidthemoney.

3 Health care professionalscan

improvetheir servicesby seeking

supportfrom

A otherhealthcareorganisations.B communitygroups.( thosefamiliarwiththe

patients'ownculture.

D thepatientsthemselves.

4 Elderlyimmigrantpatients

A mayhavereceivedpoormedicalreatmentpreviously.

B usuallyhave problemswiththeirteethandeyes.

( will not be cured if doctors

don't respecthem.D do not trust the healthcare

system.

3

Vocabulary Practice

Explainthe highlightedphrasesnthe text.

4 Matchthewordsfromthetext (1-8)belowwiththeir synonyms(a-h).

r~7'- ~ - ---U 1 a~ita:ed a sharedb~two people

2 apprehensive b takingupa loto f time

3 incapacitated c extremelyrightened

4 invaluable d makingyouworriedornervous

5 mutual aboutthe future

6 petrified e unableto functionnormally

7 threatening f extremelyupset

8 time-consumingg extremelyuseful

h whichwarnsyouthatsomething

unpleasantsgoingto happen Ii- __I---...

Text Analysis

5 Findthese phrasesnthe texts-and,inpairs,explaintheir meaning.

1 buildtrust

2 bridgingculturalgaps

3 shouldpayspecialattentionto

4 stretchedo breakingpoint

5 havebeenreducedo tears

Discussion

6 Howareelderlypeopletreated in your

society?Whatcouldbedoneto improvecareof the

elderly?Discussn pairs.75



-

Language FOCU: - - . .

2 Usinga dictionaryif necessary,saywhat the followingpeople do. Then, use the words inyourown sentences.

· A judgeis a legalprofessionalwhopresidesoveracourtoflaw.. Theudgesentencedim to two monthsin

prison.

~Workers in the Legal System

76

Becausehewasaminorwitr-::

prior record,the youngtee'"

wasletoffwitha..................

TheUSisoneof the lastcour-'-::.-

the Western world whid'imposes for , . ,. . . ~

Consideringislongcriminal-;:the judgesentencedhe th'E'

10-year...............................

4 Dueto goodbehaviour,he -wasreleasedn ..................

after havingservedonlya ~..,

hissentence.

5 Manysaythat imposinga...

on people who speed

inadequateormof punishrre

6 Theactorwasorderedto a.hoursof aft""

arrestedfor fighting in a

place.

7 It isforbiddenorthoseon

..........................................

8

their cityor countyof reside'"'

ise;r=-

that it restricts your r igr-

something that you norf"'a

for granted.

b. You be the judge. Witt- :

partner, discuss which

punishment from Ex.3a

be suitable for each of :"'-

crimesfromEx.1a,as ~ --example.

A: I think that if someone

guilty of murderthey 5'

sentencedoa veryongp

B: I agree. I think they J

imprisonedorlife.

1 judge 5 solicitor

2 prosecutor 6 barrister

3 constable 7 Justiceof thePeace

4 probationofficer 8 juror



..

ssa ..&11:;

w~

_ a: j'e logos of some British

_ -z:;e organisations. Can you

.:z.; .,.,t each one does?

e

hur:..

~:

fine

r w _.

t~

COl.-

wh'cfor-

na.

e tr-=,

tre

....

ly a -

speec

nisr""=

~

a~-=

in =

or

resire

is eF=.

rig"'-

.\ :J..

~

:.

ea.:

...

- - ---

-- --

- ----

:: ::~h Red Cross_ ...;:or peopleIn crisis

b. Beloware extracts from each charitable organisation's mission

statement. Match each extract to a logo, sayingwhat

words/phrases helped you decide. Then fillin the gaps with

the words given.

.represented · pressure ·committed ·potential · leading

. vision · charities · authorities · aim · suffered

t d'

iverse 1) .d mos 'll" n

f the UK's biggest anrvices for over 2 ml 10

one 0

d'

fferent seth.de over 60 I throughout ee provi . . ht Problems'th senous slgeople WI

is the largest inte11Jationaletwork of envU-OlUnentalroups

in the World,2) in 68 countzies, and one of theleading envU-OlUnental3) groups in theUK.

2

3

believewildlifebelongs in the wild and we are 4) to

the conservation of rare species intheir natural habitat, andthe phasing out of traditionalzoos.

. We are a. related ISSues.

authority on agemg- .' . h shared nam~the 5) . d endent chanues WIt a. . blefederation of over 400m ep ki later life fulfillIng,enJoyaof ma ngand a shared 6) .............

and productive.

theworld'slargestndependentumanitarianrganisation.Weworkwith

localcommunitiesverseasohelpthemprepareor7) disasters

andemergencies,hileassistingocal8) in dealingwiththeaftermath

4

5

6We 9) to improve the lives and prospects of

young people who have 10) hardships,difficulties or disadvantages of some kind.

==;s "1ilar organisations inyour country? What do they do? How important istheir work? Discussin

- ~e" Confused

. _ -: Qu,ld a newfactoryin thearea

-::ec.-ra.sedJoriginated) a verystrong

.. "I,_

..

.,. :;-e~erere abandoned because a

_ IE:':;3;Q ocationouldnotbefound.

- -;:er '\on/control/handle) challenges

~ - ::=2SSlonalism.

e -"1a~personal items such as

..E:C!uered/packed/kept/held) out

-c ~ ,change/turn/switch/swing)

:=-:; ardsborrowingfrombanks.

6 Thewitnesssaidthat he heardtwo shotsbeing(thrown/

aimed/pulled/fired)beforeseeingtwo menrunningdown

the street.

7 Ted went to the policeand handed in the money he

found inthe street; honest people likehim area (scarcity/

unavailability/rarity/shortage)nowadays.

8 Theboardhelda meetingto discuss the future (way/

line/plan/direction)of theorganisation.

9 Vegetablefats,(though/yet/even/still)not asharmful

asanimalfats,canneverthelessesultingainingweight.

10 Ifyoutake regularexercise,our body(practises/serves/

functions/exercises)moreeffectively.

77



Language Focus

6 Makecollocationsbycompletingthe phraseswithverbsfrom the list,thenmakesentencesusingthe

phrases. -

.do · pass· break· make· take · reach

. pay· serve· lay· commit· plead· give

1 ~.. out of prison;2 ! astandon/againststh; 3 an arrest;4 for one'scrime;5 ...........

amendsfor; 6 one'sbit; 7 the blame;

8 a fine/ penalty;9 ! a law;

10 downthelaw;11 ! : time in

prison;12 sbwith awarrant;13.......................

acrime;14 guilty;15 averdict;

16 evidence

:) Idioms7 a. Matchitemsfrom the two columnsto form

idioms.Inpairs,guesswhat the idiomsmight

mean.Do-youhavesimilaridiomsin your

language?

~) - r;r):" ..~ o-J foot the ofsociety

on the fringes

~beginsat home

take the law into killingon sth

kill two birds with onestone

throw oneself on bill for sth

bridge the the mercyof the courtthe law of generationgap

rob Peter one'sown hands

makea to payPaul

charity the jungle

b. Now,usingthe idiomsfrom Ex.7ain their

correctform, completethe sentencesbelow.

Asusual,we the taxpayers-willndup footinghebillfor

the newanimalshelterthat the governmentsso busy

boastingabout.

2 Soonafterthe thief ......................................................

sellinghisstolengoods,hewasarrested

for robbingthecomputershop.

3 Whynot and

haveunemployedpeopleplanttreesin areashat have

beendevastatedbyfire?

4 Inmanyinner-cityareas,...............................................

prevails.Thepolicehavelittleor nocontrol.

5 Vagrants,beingbothhomelessndjobless,ive ................................................................................................

6 My grandad never contributed to internationalaid

groups.Healwayssaidthat ..........................................

andthat Englandhad

enoughpoorpeopleto help.

78

7 ManyThirdWorld countriesare borrowingfrom-

WorldBankto payoff theirnationaldebts;to my,...,

simplyacaseof ......................................................

8 Mycommunitysattemptingto ............................

byhavingitsyouthgroupmember.:

onshowsat the localretirementhome.

9 Knowing that his guilt was obvious, t he ))

delinquent ......

hopingfor a lightersentence.

10 Despitehisrageat beingassaultedbyhisemploye'

victimdidnot ......................................................

waitedpatientlyfor theoutcomeof the trial. ....

:) ColIQcations ...

8 Ineachset,oneof the threewords inbolddoe.-collocate. Identify it. Now, use the correct

collocations in sentences.

1

1 legalrepresentative guide/ advisor

2 courtcase/ order/ discussion

3 military/ international/native law

4 policepower/ record/ inquiry

5 lifesentence jail/imprisonment

6 capital/severe/ heavypunishment

..IJ

-

:) Fixed Phrases (phrases with aga~s

9 a. Inpairs,matchtheverbsto the phrase.. against.Then,discussheir meaning

dosth".'"race.......

..' one's bette

.' the estab ::;:

.8 ..-

thecloc~...-..-sb's wis~2.......

.:::: the law8.8. ....

...: -.. a llodds8. -..'. one'sp';-

sb'sad' :""

-

..

go ....... "

win ......

against



rr

my ,.,..

~

e J

d doe.

do rr>

I ougt"

a poli'

rase:;

ing.

bette:

stabllS1

wisres

law

s pri"::

ad. c=

..

~. and answer questions, as in the

:..a~ple.

-~ e oueverdoneanythingthatwasagainstyour

-=e-,Jdgment?

_ -:enIwaslittle.Someriendspersuadedmeto...

-;; ;;orcaughtandseverelyunished.Whatabout

_ -~le,too.Whenwas..etc

- ~ Verbs ~Appendix 1

-,e gaps using a particle from the list.

=-~ain the meanings of the phrasal

:aclc down

away out

-a" rights group is enraged that the

e -as been cut off from his family and has

"7 bited from speakingto a lawyer.

-2 ",ho is veryhighly qualified,took her

'2 :0 court for discriminationafter being

?: for promotionthreetimes.

_ =I couldjust cut . I really

~ --,ii: simplygivingmoney to poor farmers

:=!::ca'e solution:

a --e, a renowned philanthropist , left all

~ -.: charity when he passed .

~ -"'"'E"rS decision to cut.. on

_ 5iale-rUn clinics met with widespread

'""2 passed from hunger because

=-.=" for two days.

=: -:J donation in the basketandpassit

:- eaucation'saim isto cut ..................

-.E :;=daysthat students playtruant.

11Communication: DiscussingProblems/Offering Solutions

a, Lookat the following spidergram.Inpairs,addmoreitemsto eachsection.Usinglanguagefromthe box,

discusshe problemof unemployment.

.

.

.

.

solutions

. retraining schemes

. job sharing

· incentives for businesses to hire people. incentives for the creation of new businesses

A: I thinkunemployments largelydueto somanybusinesses

closingdown,but anotherkeyfactoris the lackof training

amongtheunemployed.

B: You'reright. People don't learn new skills and, as a

consequence,t becomeserydifficultfor themto findajob.If

wedon'ttrytochangethat,then...

b. Draw spidergrams like the one in Ex. 11a for the

following issues, then discuss them in groups.

· homelessness · juvenilecrime

· loneliness amongst the elderly

79

causes resultslackoftraining . poverty

businesseslosing . familybreakdowndown

UNEMPLOYMENT. lowself-esteem

computerisation . debt

tightbudgetsor . lossofpropertycompanies . poorqualityof life

DiscussingheCausefa DiscussingheResultofaProblem Problem. It'sclearly/mostlyownto ... · This (often/invaiabIy/drectly). It'snotsomucharesultof... leadso/causes/bringsbout...

butratherof ... · Asaresult/consequence,... It'spartly/largely/entirelyue . Inevitably,..

to ...

. I believe.. playsa Suggestingolutions

great/smallartaswell. .We/Thegovernmentmust/. I think...hasalot to dowith should...

it. .Onewayforwardwouldbeto .... Inmyview,..is/are. I feelthere'ssomethingo be

responsibleor... saidor...

· A keyfactoris... · A lotcanbeachievedy...

· Themainreasons... . If we/thegovernmentdon't/. I feelthat...is/areo blame. doesn't)..then....Theobviousulpritnthis. ... would (greatly)alleviate the

caseis ... situation.



Listening &Speaking

(Listening -Part 1

1 0 Youwill hearthreedifferentextracts.Forquestions1-6,choosethe answer(A,BorC)

which fits bestaccordingto what youhear.

Therearetwo questionsfor eachextract.

Youhearpart of adiscussionabout dangerousdriving.

Whatdoboth speakersagreeon?

A that dangerousdriversshouldbe sentencedto a

prisonterm

B that accidentsareoftencausedbyspeeding

( thatbreakinghespeedimitalwaysendangersives

2 What isthe man'sopinionabout prisonsentencesor

drivingoffences?

A Everyonewho breaksthe speedlimit shouldgo to

prison.

B Anyonewho endangersivesbyspeedingshouldgo

to prison.

( Anyonewhodrivesat60mphshouldgoto prison.

~rt of a <ad'oprog'~mmeabo,'mild"nandtheInternet.

3 Whenshoulda parent be suspiciousof their child's

onlineactivities?

A ifthechildgivespersonalnformationovertheInternet

B if the childisnotgoodat keyboardingr spelling

( if the child refuseso talk about hisor heronline

activities

4 Howcanparentsbestprotecttheir children?

A bymonitoringtheirchild'sInternetuse.

B bytalkingto theirInternetserviceprovideraboutthe

dangers.

( byrestrictingheirchildren'suseof thecomputer.

~of an interview about bereavementand

grieving.

5 HowdoesJennydescribegrief?

A It canleadto majordepression.

B It isaperfectlynaturalreaction.

( It isoneof manypsychologicalisorders.

6 Whathappenswhena relativediesaftera longillness?

A Youexperienceraumaandloss.

B Youareoftenleft psychologicallyulnerable.

( Thegrievingprocessbeginspriorto death.

80

(ListeningPart2

2 a. You wil l heara short talk about a volunteer

helpline. Beforeyou listen, go through the notB

and, in pairs,predict what information ismissin;

W Now listen to the recording. For questions 1-8

complete the sentences.

t. --

fr Notesfor ParentlinePlusTalk

II

I IThe telephone helpline isone of I2Jthat aim to help care-givers.

Thehelplinesavailableat nocostandisaccessible

ITI Ihoursaday.

~foundationfor helpline.

Mostpeopleakingadvantageof the servicehaveneverva::'-

their0 Ibefore.of experiencedeopleform . .

ParentlinePlussin needofmalevolunteersromnon-Erg

I.

Helplineperatorsmustspend@]

ormoreeachweekgivingadviceoverthe phone.

1 callcentressitu,,--'-hereare []outsideof England'sapital.

ParentlinePluspublishesa @]

containingnformationabouttheirhelpline.

c. How useful do you think this helpline is~ ,

you ever call a helpline?"Why/Why not?:

in pairs.

(ListeningPart4

3 a. You wil l hear five people talking about s:

issues.Beforeyou listen,lookat the lis:.

people in Task 1. What social issues do

they might be particularly concerned a:t

Discuss in fj )airs .



note..siro~

1-&

efo-

si......

y ro-

abc.

tl'e

er~

. -6tel1 anddo the two tasks.

~...estions-5,chooseromthe listA-Hthe person

:: .sspeaking.

A apolitician

B asecurityofficer

C anarmyofficer

D astudent

E ajournalist

F anactor

G a novelist

H adoctor

- ::;'t 3:Evaluating---

G.!.udentsA & B

Task2

For questions 6-10, choose from the listA-Hwhat

topic each speaker istalking about.

-ese pictures showing people giving different kinds of help. First, talk to each other about the type of help being

--e- decide which two play the most important role in the community. Use the language in the box to help you.

(Speaking-~art4 f ~c!ents ~& B,~5 Discussthe followingquestions together.

-=-~s being given in each picture?

=0 ay the most important role in

~uage: Evaluating

:::rtributiontomake,butperhapsXandY-a-: because..

72 rolebecause...

.5.,nen...

esser importance to the community

1 Who has helpedyoumost inyourlife?

2 Whatcanwedo inourdailylivesto makeourcity/town

a betterplaceto live?

3 If therewasadisasternanothercountry,howcouldyou

help?

4 Whatpartcantheelderlyplayinthe family/community?

6 0 Listento two candidatesdoingthe speakingtasks above and compare their performance to

that of your classmates.

Assess your classmates in terms of:

· grammar and vocabulary · discourse management

· pronunciation · interactive communication

7

Everyday English

·Commiserating

Inpairs, decidewhat the other speaker has said and

use the expressions below in response.

a What a pity!

b Bad luck!

c Oh dear!

d I'm sosorry.

e That'sawful.

A: Johnbrokehislegandnowhehastocancelhisholiday.

B: Whatapity!

81

A unemployment mhealthcare

C civilliberties mD shoplifting

IT]publicransport

F juvenileelinquency IT]education

H mugging



Reading- Part2

1 a. Lookat the title of the passage.What isits significance,andwhy doesthe writer useit to talk about a day in amagistratescourt?Discussn pairs.

b. Youwill readanarticleabouta dayin a Londonmagistratescourtwhereminoroffencesaredealtwith. Which

of the following offencesdoyouexpectthe court to dealwith? Readquicklyandcheckyouranswers.

· assault· trafficfine · attemptedmurder· mugging· shoplifting · drivingwhilstuninsured

· domesticviolence· illegalgambling· manslaughter

2 a. Readthe article.Sixparagraphshavebeenremoved.Chooseromthe paragraphs(A-G)the onewhichfits ea&gap(1-6).Thereisone extraparagraphyoudo not needto use.

A Tuesdaymorning in south London.

Out past Sainsbury's and up some steps,

there's a squatbrickbuilding that looks asthough it means

business. Half a dozen young men are lingering by the

door. With their trainers, sweatshirts, tracksuit bottoms

and gleaming heads, they might have turned up for a game

of five-a-side. But this is Bexley magistrates court, not a

leisure centre, and the sporty young men have come to

plead their guilt or innocence.

The lad with'One Nation' on hisjacket is ushered into the

dock.Hiscrime,it turnsout, isfailingto paya trafficfineof £250. Asked if there is anything he'd like to say in

mitigation, he shrugs and mumbles, 'I lost my job.' He

shuffles his feet and sighs, wanting this to be over. The

magistrates, havingconferred, order him to payoff the fine

at the rate of £10 a week. He steps down. One-third of

fines in Britain are never paid.This willprobablybe one ofthem.

2

But it's all traffic: drivingwithout due care and attention,

driving a vehicle with faulty brakes or bald tyres, drivingwithout a tax disc or MoT certificate or insurance.

Especiallythe last. On the evidenceof this court, no one in

south London bothers with insurance. And though they

plead guilty as charged, not one of them intended to get

behindthewheelwhileuninsured,but didsoonlyto helpout a sick friend or an ancient relative or a woman in

labour ...

3

Courtroom drama? I'd find more drama in the multi-

storey where my car is parked. But the last case beforelunch is oddly gripping: a man who went through a red

light.At 7.30on a Sundaymorninghe's on hiswayto work82

continuous flow

when the car stalls as he is crossing a dual carriage-

This is highlydangerous, sowhen he manages to stan '_

engine again he moves off to be safe; by this time, how.

the lights ahead have turned red, and when he =

through them a policeman pulls him up. He thinks ir

all a bit unfair: 'I'm a train operator. Mymind is total..

signals.I wouldn't jump them.',

4

Back in court one, as the afternoon wears on, the tJ';

more than traffic. The first female defendant of

appears, charged with the theft of £60 worth of goc...

Morrisons, a tricky case because the items were

about her person but she hadn't left the store. A lit'..a man is charged with brandishing a 'bladed aT'

kitchen knife) in the street, though he says he use.. .to clear the ice from his windscreen.

J

In the shopping centre, during the lunch break, I pa.

woman magistrate. I'm tempted to stop her so ~_

review the morning's cases together. But I decide

there's probably a law against it - some ancient <:

about interfering with a magistrate in the course oi

her duty - and let her buy her sandwiches in peace..

5

.

6

By 4.30, everything's done. I wander out, relieved

off the conveyor belt of human weakness and mi." -

yet there's something addictive about it, too. '.

yourself caring about the fate of people you've ~e

before and will never see again. The English re.....

court is the ultimate unedited soap, put out !.

every large town and with the same stock types -the drunk, the brawler, the roadhog

-coming l'

and again.



ina

riag..

stu:'hO" .

he

ks

tota.

I :'

soe~~

ent

".

ce

the

oi

ga

we-'.

A ~

d -~

~

ve\..

c

oo. -.

ve ~-

h ::' -

for -

es - L:ulf(\l-.

.;:a;.at the courthouse I head for court three, where a

~ ;udge is sitting. I feel intrusive because the court is

:- me public gallery i~ a ~itIgle raw at drairg aehiad

~ '-"'() <;,()l~<:~t()t<;,.t <;,e.e.m<;,tt\~l <;,houtdbe. unde.t W~'j

-::- finally!- but the defendant, disappointingly, isn't

~.; Even worse, the offences to which, in absentia, he's...~.: not guilty, are traffic offences.

~le and polite, he plays itperfectly. The magistrates

-~pathetic, and one of them thinks he knows the

_ - aere the incident happened - 'That's. right, beyond

- oodabout near McDonald's.' They dock him the

- _'ry three points, but give him an absolute

: ~. I feel like cheering and followhim out as

.;:. acquitted myself, my faith in British justice

~Iy restored.

__ .:mageis of a barber from south London in his

-emies. He drove a car without insurance and

:..~:ea licence. Along with his guilty plea, he has

- ....etter'of apology to the court: a relative urgently

_ .:.s help, so he got behind the wheel, but he now

-~ets it. A case-hardened professional judge

a: him off in 30seconds, b~t the three magistrates

_ -onderful performance and let him go with a

~. This iswhat people's justice isall about.

. few things are baffling to a fly on the wall like

... .>redefence solicitors usually youngand Celtic in

-11ere did all those young female clerks of the

:: 10be so bossy? Why are so many surnames

.oDdbirthdates wronglyrecorded? Where have all

- .::lgdocuments got to? And when a man gives

_ as a pub, is it sensible to remand him there?

-..xr of courts like these is that anybody,for

:Drive,can dropin.I takemyseat in the public

gallery - three rows of wooden benches at the rear. Themagistrates come in, two flush-faced chaps in their 50s

and a stern-looking Asian woman of 35or so. No robes or

wigs:these are laymen dressed much like the rest of us.

F An early guilty plea is taken as a sign of 'good character'

and usually rewarded with a lighter penalty. In fact, to judge

by their solicitors' mitigatory eulogies, the men I'm seeing

this morning are all pillars of the community. I look back on

my own record - nicking those traffic cones as a teenager,

exceeding speed limits - and I feel like a hardened criminal

in comparison.

G I settle down for the next case, hoping for more action.

Magistrates don't deal with rape and murder, of course;

anything serious or complex is referred upward, for trial

by judge and jury. Still, 96% to 98% of criminal cases in

Britain are heard in courts like this one. Surely, a mugging

wouldn't be too much to ask.

. :e""e the parts of the article which helped you decide

-E "1issing paragraphs, then compare with a partner.

- _:!':u ary Practice

:a~.ner, find at least fivewords/phrases inthe article

...c associated with courts and trials.

-e ~ighlightedwordsinthe text.

- - - .;.'1alysis

- _ ;-e phrases in bold mean? Explaintheir use inthe

.=./t ofthe article.Discussnpairs.

2 ... as the afternoon wears on, the traffic is.

more than traffic. (aftergap 6)

3 ... to climboff the conveyor belt of humanweakness and misery. (aftergap 6)

4 ... he plays it perfectly.(paragraphB)

5 A case-hardened professionaljudge would

see him off in30 seconds ... (paragraph C)

6 ... the men I'm seeing this morning are all

pillarsof the community. (paragraphF)

7 Surely,a muggingwouldn't be too muchto

ask. (paragraphG)

Discussion

6 _Inpairs,discusswhat a typical

day in Bexley magistrates court is like.83

, ..:"a--g:hat looks as though it means business.



I Use of English

ThePassive ~GrammarReference_

1 Turnthe following from activeinto passiveor viceversa.

Whichpaintingdid theyeventuallychoose?

.....................................................................................

2 They'llchangehe arrangementgain......................................................................................

3 Everyonenowsthat smokingsdangerous..

4 Shemustpaythisbillon time.

.....................................................................................

S Hewasn'tallowedto buyit.

.....................................................................................

6 Willtheybemadeto leave?

.....................................................................................

7 Idon't likepeoplelaughingat me.

.....................................................................................

8 Don't let yourselfbediscouragedyhernegativeattitude.

.....................................................................................

9 TheymadehimshowthemhisIDcard.

.....................................................................................

10 Someonehasthrown"thereportaway......................................................................................

11 Will theyappointhimasthenewchairman?

.....................................................................................

12 Themanisthoughtto haveescapedhroughthewindow.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 Fillin the correctpreposition.

1 Thestadiumwaspacked excitedfans.

2 Most peoplebelievethat the light bulbwas invented

ThomasEdison.

3 The victimwas probablystabbed..............

brokenglass.

4 The window was broken a brick

thrownbyahooligan.

S Themachinecanbeoperated means

of aconsole.

6 Bloodpressuresmeasured a

sphygmomanometer.

7 Thethiefwaseventuallyornered..................

two policemen.

8 Ashewasclimbingthe cliff hewas

hit on the head a

fallingrock.

9 The papers were stuck together

glue

10 The boy's face was covered ...................

mud.

TheCausative ~GrammarReference

3 Usecausativestructures (along with your own

words where necessary)to complete the sentence:.

There isan example.

Onceyou gethimtalkingabout computers,he rE'i'

stops.

2 Weare ...................................................................

bythe electrician.

3 ~..........................................................................

sonowhehasto takethebustowork.

4 Seef you ...............................................................

to lendusthemoney.

S I normallyhavea partyonmybirthday,but ...........

pair-:!

6 I didn't recogniseane;..........................................

andlookslikea punk-rocker.

7 Idon't think there'sanychanceof ........................

. He'sverystubborn.

8 Wemust ..............................................................

otherwisewewon't beableto cutthegrass.

9 Unlesswe .............................................................

thisafternoon,wewon't beableto watchthemalC

10 Whatbadluck!That'sthethird timeJoe...............

this ..

4 Look at the newspaper headlines/signsbelow ar-:

expand them into full sentences using the passi ~

Smokingsprohibitedn thecorridor.

\

GovernmentTo Slash ~_ FC".~'"

umUL IULtI BillET ~ ==_ _=-_ r -, _ - lolesl Homelessn;;_ _- - L-'" ==-- SII1ItlSocol Council

- -= ORGANISIDCRIMEBOSS=--=.::~ APPREHENDED

=- ---- - =- -

84



-:r ~'1glishPart2

~ q'.Jestions 1-15, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap.

e neo"

.......

pair'~

ma-

........

this

low a

pass

u 0) go about your business today, you may think you enjoy relative anonymity and privacy.Not so. In

, you are being watched and followed as never before. Along 2) the

.;.~ent's acquired abilities to track its citizens 3) they move about the Internet through

~ Regulationof InvestigatoryPowersAct,computerisation4) thatwecan alsobe tracked.:~ material world. Moreover, it can 5) done cheaply,with increasing accuracyand almost

~a~".

~. the London borough of Newham connected the US firmVisionics' software to cameras covering one

'""C'.:ngrea, and this year 6) extend the systemto its fifth. With face recognition software,

:...m has 7) crime rates relative to other boroughs, achieving a dramatic drop in street

oC"'leSnd burglaries.- ,>,emtries to match faces on Newham's cameras 8) a 'watch list' of between 100 and

-..ri-e criminals, chosen 9) a Metropolitan Police committee. The software shows

~.e matches to a Newham employee, 10) determines if the match is valid. In the event

"Sitiveidentification, this person then has to decide 11) or not to contact the police.

-~ is booming. VisioniGshas tried 12) the systemwith a watch list of known football

~ - at a West Ham match 13) Manchester United in January last year. Other local

-r-ojesare 14) considering the system,whichcosts from £15,000 to scan a single camera

~.115) standard surveillance cameras.

_ :.:" - Part5

~...ons 1-8,complete the second sentence so that it has a similarmeaning to the first sentence, usingthe

;- '2('.Donot change the word given. Youmust use between three and sixwords.

_c- asI opened the door,the dog ran out into the 5 She revived when we splashed cold water on her face.

round

We splashingoldwateron herface.

-

-;.;"€' IJadIopened the door than the dog ran out into the6 Jane said that she wouldn't speak to anybody but the

manager.

on

Jane to the mana9er.

.: X" ~mention this to anyone.

==-ment ion this to anyone.

7 It'spossiblethat he misunderstood what you told him.

understood

He what you told him.

8 Harry's illnessresulted in him havingto give up hisjob.

resuIt

Harrybecame seriouslyilland give up his

job.

-: reach her by phone several times.

... reach her by phone.

;-2"lpt to win the marathon did not succeed.

~I

to winthe marathon.

::>2combines sweet and sour flavours.

:E sweet and sour flavours.

85



Useof English - Part 1

7 Forquestions 1-12, decidewhich answer (A, 8, ( or D)best fits each gap.-.

~ Mission Statement

..~

,~ We believe that animals have value 0) ..A...economic measurement, and are 1) '

'III legal,moral and ethical consideration and protection. Our missionis to act asan advocatec-

0' . i' 2) of animals and as a 3) of their rights; to provide for the well-being of t!;.' , ' animals that are abandoned, injured, 4) to unfair or cruel treatment, or otherwise ;:-

or -.

~X ~. ""~. .' need; to cultivate in the people ofour community consideration for the animalswhoseworld""'~ ~ share; and to 5) respect for all living things.

1

How YOU can help

Manyofourprogrammesandservicesare6) byourvolunteers.Ifyouloveanimalsandenjoyworkingwiththem.needyou!

Funds Volunteers work with the Fund Development Department on programmes and special evenb

7) money to support our efforts for animals.

Mobile Adoption Through our Mobile Adoption Programme, volunteers help take

animals to public sites throughout the community, 8) ..........for the animals on sjte and help screen potential

adopters to 9) that our pets are placed incaringand lovinghomes.

Pets For People Volunteers assist 10) citizens with

choosing and adopting newcompanion pets.

Special Assignments There are often 11) term assignments

that volunteers can help us with, such asresearch 12) , clerical assistance,

graphic designwork, etc.

r=1 0 A beyond B far from C outside D aheadof1 A permitted B allowed C entitled D deserved

2 A side B aid C part D behalf

3 A fighter B defender 'C keeper D rescuer

4 A subjected B suffered C placed D endured

5 A infuse B introduce C promote D campaign

6 A done B run C made D given

7 A gather B build C collect D raise

8 A look B treat C guard D care

9 A assure B insure C ensure D indicate

10 A old B pensioner C senior D major

11 A short B instant C limited D immediate

A obs B projects C tasks D duties



I

.......

te

of

i..",

u

thee- ~,

eve:"'

:;rci formation

:':~plete the tablebyfillinginthe missing

:c.~ of speech.

~--ccept ......................

........................ advice

. suspicious1

1

grow .....................

befriend ...................... ,

volunteer ......................

---

- - e"".che text using the words next to each

- -02 correct form.

=... 3rothers Big Sisters is the

-:; "lost 1) ............................

::=~ganisation and has been in

::~nearly a century. Our service

:~r many 3) ..........................

~ -a e a proventrackrecordfor

- ::-sh'pS which are 4)

=:yboth adults and children.

"' ~ '(Yenneed additional caring

~ 'e work closelywith parents

-:: d with a compatible and

B9 Brother or BigSister. The

?""Ef't for our 'Bigs' is a

~:::Jmake and share in some

EFFECT

OPERATE

VALUABLE

BENEFIT

SUPPORT

WILL

b. Add prefixesto the words to form opposites.

il-, un-, dis-, in-, im-

· common · flexible · movable · emotional· pleasedprobable agreeablepatient· legal · approachable

c. Add suffixesto the words to form adjectives.

-ial, - ive, -ual, -able, -ary,-ent

.. read · president · persist · persuade· attract · vision · residence · station

d. Now choose any sixwords from Exs.8a, band c

and make up sentences to show tbeir meaning.

Use of English - Part 3

10 Forquestions 1-10, use the words in bold to formwordsthat fit inthe numberedspacesinthe text.

Amnesty International

Amnesty International is a worldwide0)movement that works to promoterecognised human rights. AmnestyInternational's visionis a world in which

everyperson, 1) of nationality,

enjoysall of the human rights enshrined

in the Universal2) of

HumanRights

and other international human rightsstandards. Our mission is to undertake

researchand action3) .................................

focused on the prevention and also on

the 4) of abuses of the

rights to physical and mental integrity,freedom of conscience and expression,and freedom from 5) ,within the context of our work to

- promote all human rights. AmnestyInternational has more than a million

6) inover140countries

and territories. Amnesty International is

7) and independent ofany government, political 8) .......................

or religiouscreed. Our work is financed

largelyby 9) and donationsfromour worldwide10) .

MOVE

REGARD

DECLARE

SPECIFY

ELIMINATE

DISCRIMINATE

SUPPORT

PARTIAL

PERSUADE

SUBSCRIBE

MEMBER

87



Writing: Reports and Proposals

Reportsandproposalsareusuallywritten to present

informationin formalsituations.Theyareusually-dividednto

sections.Eachsectionis written asa paragraph,but the

sectionsaregivenheadings.

Youwill begivena role(e.g.Youarethesecretaryfyourlocal

musicclub...)andspecificnstructionsasto what youshouldinclud~(e.g.Writea reportoutliningheactivitieseldbytheclub

inthelasttwelvemonths).

Reportstendto beaboutpasteventsor presentsituations.

Proposalsusuallyoutlinea courseof actionfor the future.

A reportor proposalshouldcontain:

· An introductionnwhichthereasonorwriting isstated.

· A main bodywith headedsections.It is essentialto

chooseappropriatesectionheadings.

· A conclusion in which the main points are summarised.

Theconclusionmayincludea referenceo futureaction.

Reportsandproposalsanappearin bothPart1andPart2of theWritingpaper.Don'tforgetthat the numberof words

youneedto write ineachsectionsdifferent.

~ Understanding the Rui}ric

1 Re~dhe rubricsbelow,payingcarefulattention to. . the >underlinedwordsandphrases.Then,answer

the questionsthat follow.

£-

.~.A You are the secreta(yof your collegedebating

societyandyourinstructorhasaskedyouto compile

. a reportfor the collegeprincipalon the mainsocial.: issueshat you havecoveredthisterm.Writeyour

· report,clearlystatingthesubiectsyouhavecovered,

and includinganyother relevantinformation,such

asconclusionseached.classparticipation,etc. You

shouldmentionanysubiectswhichare scheduled

for futuremeetingsof thesociety.

Writeyourreportin 220-260words.

B Asa memberof your localNeighbourhoodWatch

scheme.youhavebeenaskedo submita proposal

.to the local police outlining what you feel.

: individualsoulddoinordero reduceheirchances

: ofbecomingictimsofcrime.

Writeyourproposaln220-260words.

1 Whatisyourrole?

2 Whoisthetargetreader?

3 Whatisthepurposeof yourreport/proposal?

4 Inpairs,suggestappropriatesectionheadings.

5 In pairs,suggestrelevantinformationthat you could

includen eachsection.

88

~ Analysinga Report

2 a. In the phrasesbelow,fill in themissingword,asin the example.

· to · agreed · in · range · on · favour · of · mal~

1ledto;2wide of; 3 in of;

4 members the public;5 focused...............

6all all;7the issues;unanimously......

b. The model below isthe answer to the first

rubric in Ex.1. Fill in the gapswith the

appropriate phrasesfrom Ex.2a. Then, mark

-the statements which follow Trueor False.

i --

To:

From:

Subject:Date:

..

-r Simkins,Principal

TomWheeler,DebatingSocietySecretaryIssues covered in the Summer Term

18June 20...

-

Purpose

The purpose of this report is to present 1) ......................

discussed bythe society in the last term.Crime

Byfar the mostcontroversialissuethat we havecoveret.

the crime rate in modern times. In the three separate deba; ,

chaired by JonathanDeacon,we had almo\>tmaxim;..-attendance.A 2) opinionswasexpres

and a final vote was taken, in which the majority",3) stricterpolicingbut more lee.

punishment.Homelessness

In the first of two debates, James Lawton put forwarc

suggestion that homelessness was a matter of choice. ...

4) a lively exchange with SC",'.

members voicing their strong disagreement. The second dcr

5) the government's responsibilitie

this area. A final vote on the question of whether the situ..

would improve in the near future revealed that over sin:cent of our members were undecided.

Poverty

The approach which the society took to this matter wa., ,

fold. Firstly,it was suggestedthat banks shouldcancel.. .

owed bydeveloping countries. After the factswere presen:_

Jane Howell and Doreen Rose, there was tremendous St.,-"

for the motion and our members voted overwhelmic.~

favour. In addition, it was suggested that the problem ~

needed to be addressed on a local level,withmore focus

individual.It was6) that financialcom: '

should be made more freely available to 7) .......................

Conclusion

8) , this was a successful teT:::

over eighty per cent attendance on average. For the .'

term we hope to sustain these figures when we diSC"...

subjectsof animal rights, urban anonymityand the M

surveillance cameras.



f · ""

of;

first

. ma~

.......

-

ost -m..,

t Ie"

of -.

e .....

resp-

the~

that

is::-

w.:'"

rew--

0'.-

the -

m-

fin--

....

suc~-

erage

s w~nym.

:: on:;:enn formalstyle.

t::';~5 andendslikea letter.

~.2S :l1ereasonfor writing at the very beginning.

SS-.5of sectionswith headings.

~ ;c;:oaragraphswhichstartwith atopicsentence.

::Z"~ the information in short sentences without~>;CJevices.

-i:~ 'I")impersonalstyle.

~ --.:;oassivetructures.

-zr "a chatty style.

-=-":ScGnguagewhich issuitable for the Principalof a

"-~

-:=:"'S..nderlineexamplesof formal style.

~ -enseshavebeenused?Why?

--::e Construction

- -e two halvesto makecomplete-c=s

..S " larsentencesof yourown:.~the phrasesgiven.

...................................................

?:::7"rnendhat .................................

~--oort ..............................................

........................

................................................

................................................

_.:E""":cyear,we have ........................

Ne intend to ............................

..............................................

:) FormalStyle4 a. Readthe extractbelowand,in pairs.discuss

how the underlinedwordsandphrasescouldbe

replacedwith the moreformalexpressions

given.

· an alarmingincrease· offendersasyoungas· inthenearfuture · byfar · carriedout

· promptactionistaken · intermsof statistics

· themostfrequentlycommittedcrimes

· withtheexceptionof · arelativelymallnumberof

· a sharpincreasein these figures

Avart from very rare instances,therewereveryfew

crimes committed by children under the age of twelve. In

the twelve tofifteen age group, there has been a shocking

rise in the number of crimes committed. Easily the most

serious of these include knife attacks, which have been

done by kids who are only thilteen. [fwe're iust looking at

numbers. however, the things that happen most often are

shoplifting and petty theft. Our organisation believes that,

unless we do something quickly. we are likely to see these

numbers risea lot verysoon.

The crimes/committed/most/this age group/vehicle theft/driving

offences.

On average,/three cars/stolen each day/people under 20.

In addition,/magistrates courts/deal with/up to 200

cases/reckless driving/drivingwithout a license.

Majority/these cases/teenagers.

The onlyway/prevent such crimes/severelypunishing offenders.The effect/this/deter others.

c. Discusshe following:

. Whatkindof reportmightthe sectionsabovehavebeentakenfrom?

· Whatothersectionsmightit contain?. Whomightit befor?· What would a similarreport sayabout your country?

89

..--e a to beaddressedurgently.

-=!:....:y of b isto increasethe number

of part-timejobs.

;;:estion c most seriousissueis

=s:>een poverty.

8'J d matters could be helped

: if therewasgreaterpolicepresenceon the streets.

--=- e areagainstthe

lie"- -....G suggestion.



.. _.. d ~ , .~_


~ BeginningsandEndings

Reportsandproposalsusuallybeginwith the following:To:

From:

Subject:

Date: }(Theexactinformationyouinclude

dependsonthe rubric).

Thefirst paragraphsusuallyashortsectionentitledPurpose

or Introductionwhichgiveshe reasonorwriting.

Inthe conclusionoucan:

. summarisehe pointsinthemainbody. makea recommendationor futureaction

· offerapersonalopinion

· reassurehetargetreader

Ina proposal,youcanalsoendbymentioninghebenefitsof

theproposalbeingaccepted.

5 a. Readthe followingbeginningsandtry to predictwhatwill beincludednthemainbody.

A To:

From:

Subject:

Date:

Mrs P.Fauld~,Principal

SamDaniels,ThirdYear

CrimePrevention

23 May 20...

Introduction

Theaimof thisproposalsto presentoursuggestionsegarding

thewaysinwhichstudentscanprotectthemselvesgainstcrime.

B To:

From:

Subject:

Date:

MrJ.Oxley,ChiefAdministrator

NiallConnolly,SeminarOrganiser

GlobalIssuesSeminar

2 April20...

Purpose

Thisisa reportcompiledo assesshesuccessf theseminarheld

to discussglobalissues~heopinionsbelow reflectthe views

expressedntheweekendof the 14thand15thof March.

b. Nowreadthe followingendingsandsaywhat

informationhasbeenincluded.Finally,match

the beginningsto the endings.

Conclusion

The overall response to the event was encouraging.

Accordingto the majorityof people I spoke to, the seminar

can be considereda great success.Ihaveno doubt, therefore,

that plansshould go ahead to organisefurtherweekends.

2 Conclusion

It was felt by all of the members of the project that if

students were to take the above precautions, the number of

crimes committed could be drastically reduced.

90

~ Tenses

The most commonly used verb tenses in reports and proposa

are as follows:

The present simple - to describe the present situation e.g. Ii

believedthat most of the students regularlyread the newsletter.

The present continuous - to describe things that are happenr....

now e.g. Although we are dealing with the situation, complaints =

being receivedon a daily basis.

The present perfect - to emphasise past actions that are releva'"

now e.g. Over halfof those questioned have responded favourably to -

suggestion.

The past simple - to report on past actions, events, etc. e.g. MOS'

those who took part expressed an interes t ins im ilar pro jects.

Writing about the future

Whenwritingaboutthefuture,hefollowingcanbeused:

Thefuturesimpleensee.g.Atleast£3000willbeneeded.Thefuturecontinuousensee.g.Wewillbecloselymonitoring

situation.

Thefutureperfecttensee.g.Theworkwil lhavebeencamp..'"

beforehebeginningfthenextacademicear.

Verbs

These include propose,intend, hope, expect,predict, forecaSt

forwardo,anticipate,etc. e.g.Wedonotanticipateny' "

problemsandwehopeto meet thedeadlineas discussed.

Adjectives

These include imminent,otential,probable,ossible,ex:! .

forthcoming,uture,expected,roposed,tc

e.g.heproposedwork,hepotentialprofit,futurediscussion,tc

Hypotheticalconstructions

e.g.hiswouldmeanthat,ifwecould, hisshould,wemight,etc.

6 Crossout the word or phrase inbold which is-correct, givingreasons for your choices.Ther ..3

whether the sentences could have been taker

a report, aproposal, or either.

Expensesillbecloselymonitoring/monitoredr ~

the firstyear.2 Wewill havecompleted/becompletingthe..-"

of theconversionbythe firstof nextmonth.

3 Most membersof the societyread/are read.-

publicationeverymonth.

4 Wepredict/hopeto beina positionto repay:-..o

full bynextyear.

5 Lesshantwentypercentof thosenvitedhavecr,

attendedtheintroductorymeetingnMarch.

6 I recommend that these suggestions be '3 '

considerationnanyfuture/potential events

7 All forthcoming/likelycostshavebeencarefu,

for.

B Thisexperienceould/shouldundoubtedlyr"

furtherdevelopmyskills.



e.g.

er

"te

e.g./ok.

COI1".

sible, .::;

et:

et:

ich ::;

taker

he=

rea...

repay"

have3-

sbe .

arefu!

edlyer-

-nalysing a Proposal

-;3: j,e rubricandthe readinginput belowand

s::.ss the questions that follow.

:.~rcollegesplanningo introducea newcourseand

~'.~~avebeenaskedo writeaproposalor thePrincipal- Joursuggestionsor what shouldbe includedin-e::OJrse.

-~ ~hememo,the listof suggestionsndthe notes.

---er Mite yourproposal,ayingwhichsubjectsou

~ shouldbeincludednthenewcourseandwhy.

-2 jour proposalin 180-220words.

I.Er-/1aSubject:New Course

_""<='course is to be called 'Topical Issues' and the

udy social issues of national and international

_-.:r gathering opinions from the student body, we

submit up to three suggestions for consideration.

suggest subjects which could be covered in the

'!. you think students would benefit from a deeper",.e issues.

..ggestions to choose from.

list of suggestions -,/

~ .Worlddebt~ .Crime

_ ~ ~~. Environmentalconcerns

_ ~ .Drugabuse ....,~ . Gambling~

No- too- ,~r""'fr"

1 Whatisthe purposeofyourproposal?

2 Whoisthetargetreader?Howformaldoesyourwriting

needto be?

3 Whichsubjectswillyousuggestfor inclusionnthenew

course?

4 Doyouneedto mentionall the subjectson the listof

suggestions?5 Whichcommentsromstudentscouldyouincludenyour

proposal?Howcouldyouput themintoyourownwords?

8 a. Readthe modeland fillinthe gapswith thesection headings given (some of the headings

are not appropriate).

· Drug Abuse ·WorldDebt · Benefits· What the Students Say · Gambling· Introduction · Crime · Environmental Concerns

To:

From:

Subject:Date:

Mr S.Finch, Principal

Hugh Jones, Year One

Suggestions for 'Topical Issues'5 November 20...

1) ........................................

The information below is in support of three subjects

that, in my opinion, should be covered in the proposed

Topical Issues classes.

2) ........................................

One subject that would be a useful addition to the

curriculumis a studyofworlddebt.Althoughweareall

veryawareof thepovertygap,I believethat veryew of us

fully comprehend this complex issue. A greater

understanding of the situation and the reasons behind it

could go someway towards helping to find solutions.

3) ........................................

Thisis an issuewhichI feel is relevantto the majorityof

students. Only by examiningthe motivation behind

offences can we fully understand the problem and

concentrate on the important matters of protection and

prevention.

4) ........................................

Another area which isworthy offurther investigation isthat

of the imminent dangers to the environment. Many of us

intend to take up positions in commerce or industryand

sinceenvironmentallyfriendly policies arebeing increasingly

adopted by companies,it isvital that we are aware of the

latest developments.

5) ........................................

Not onlywillthese subjects behelpful in our future careers,

but I anticipate that theywill alsoprovide uswith a better

understanding of the society we live in.

91

----



-- - ._~ - -,- ._-~-- - , ,-. - -


b. Lookat the list of words and phrases below and match

them to the phrases in italics inthe model.

1 affectsnearlyallof us

2 we reallydon't knowenoughabout

3 beusefulwhenweget ajob

4 dosomethingaboutit5 giveus

6 whatcausest

7 planto work8 shouldbeincludednthecourse

9 waysof protectingheenvironment10 heardabout

~

Discuss\]J1jlB

9 Readthe two rubrics below and, for each one, discuss thequestionsthat follow.

A A televisioncompanyis planningto makea serieson social

conditionsndifferentcountries.YourEnglishclasshasbeentaking

. part in aprojecton socialssuesandyourteacherhasaskedyouto. .: writea reportbasedon yourcountry..

Readthe advertisement,on whichyou havemadesomenotes.

Thenwriteyourreportin \80-220 words.

.La-

Show& TellPRODUCTIONS

invites you to contribute to its forthcoming seriesentitled

'living in the RealWorld'.

Pleasesend us a report on the current conditions in your

country and we promise to try to include as many different

viewpoints aswe can. Tell usabout:.Poverty - ( remember tocomparewithothercountries

. Equalopportunlties ( mentionobopportunities )

. Attitudestowardsanimals - ( bepositive! )

92

B Belowsa listof themainpointswI'.::

werecoveredn a recentseminarwt.-

~ youattendednmajorsocialprobie'o.: inyourcountry.Nowtheorganisers,a

· askedyouto prepareaproposal.ba£..

on what you learnedat the selT"'"

suggestingaysnwhichsomeof~

problemsouldbeaddressed.ead

advertisementor the seminarand.yourproposal in220-260words.

Alvel'stoke CollegeSummerSeminar

July30th- 31st

Among the subjects that willbe discussed a:'~

. Homelessness- the sad facts.

. Crime and its prevention.

. Anonymity - a modem disease?

Everyone welcome.

Come and express your opinion.

1 Doyouhaveo writeareportoraproo

2 Whatisyourrole?

3 Whoisgoingto readit?

4 What is the purposeof each p:=-

writing?

5 Whatdoesthe readerwantto knO'

6 What informationwill you include

firstsection?

7 Whatpointsdoyouhaveto cover~

8 Whichtenseswill youuse?

9 Whatsectionheadingswillyouuse-

10 Whichformalwordsandphrasesn:i

unitwouldbesuitable?

11 Whatcouldyouincludenyourer:J

10 Portfolio:Usingthe informationyo_

havelearnedin thisunit, write tt'ereportandthe proposalin Ex.9.



ts I/'F'

If{: '

ro~

al.be!.

ser'"'

f -

Recc

arand

d '-

cts.

ase?

rtor a :::.

eacr

~

ou inc~

to co ..,.

will yo~

phr~

enyo.-

t,Wr-oE

in ~

=:abulary & Grammar14 Incourt,theaccused guiltyto allthecharges.

A was C claimed

B pleaded D admitted

15 Thegovernmenthasdecidedo cut on funding

for education.

::"'OOsethe most suitable word to complete

3G1, sentence.

:isa squabbleandthey didn't makeup for C backoff D away

(15marks)

Bout

s-J'ong B sharp C bitter D sour

- "apenknifewithyou- it might inhandy.

-:::"'1e B be C fall D get

-2:;'1e had the puppiesin ano ld boxbythe

'" :=:heroad.

b. Complete each of the sentences with a short

phrase using the most appropriate past or

passive form.

Hewasaskedo completehe projectandhandit in to

the lecturerbythe followingFriday,but,unfortunately,t

still bythen.

2 I bedroomwhen,suddenly,herewasa screamromdownstairs.

3 Thankyou for the invitation.I'd loveto cometo the

celebrationonightandseeHelen.................................

theachievementward.

4 WhenIwasyoung,myfather on

fishingtripseveryweekend.

(4 marks)

s.:ai:ed

: ;;otten

C deserted

D abandoned

~~~ f)er attitude quite ; I reallycan't

:=:.2'1dwhy she'ssoangry.

-'::-~g C unconditional

,.j;.= '1g D invasive

-; oersonal phone calls during office hours IS

Joonwhere I work.

'c condemned

D criticised

~ :00 to dare to stand up and speak in

- a :hose people.Useof English

C self-indulgent

D self-conscious 2 Thinkof one word which can be used appropriately

in all three sentences.2: ~n feeling rather down in the ............

-::-.. canwecheerherup?~ C beans

~ D feelings

i: e E John- there'snot a of truth in

o Hehunghisnewjacketonthe backof achair.

Iwassofuriousthat Ihunguponhim!

Hehunghisheadinshameasheconfessedo thecrimes.

B touch C grain D slip

-':c edout inthe fight andtheyhadto throw

.,...0 bringhim .

B round C in Dover

-~ental groupGreenpeaceasdone

"'-~egovernmentpolicies.B pressure C power D force

:~der wasobligedo reportto hisprobation

= .eeklybasis.

Will you somemilkonyourwayhome?

I'll youbackforwhatyou'vedoneto me!

Davidsemigratingo Italy?justcan't overit.

2 Hegavemesome advice- neverendmoneyto

anyone!

Unfortunately,hada diamondbraceletstolen-

whileIwasonholiday.

Iwon'twasteanymoreof your..: time.

3 Thepolicewarnedthat a criminalhad out of

prison.

You've thelawandyouwill bearrested.

Sueissomiserable;ohnhasreally herheart.

4 Scientistsreworriedaboutclimatic .

Hehada of heartanddecidedo stay.

Don'tforgetyour - seventy-fiveence.

5 MrsJonespassed at theageofe ighty-two.

I'msorry.MrWilliamss fromtheofficetoday.

Will youput thosecups in thecupboard,please?

C advisor

D leader

- ~e match against all .

B hopes C facts Dodds

~-a?,'S to assistold peoplecan help to

2"'.:'ationgap.

B fix C throw D bridge

(10marks)



Reading

3 Readhe text. Sixparagraphshave been removed.Choosefrom

paragraphs A-G the one which fits each gap (1-6). There is one extra'paragraph you do not need to use.

It wouldbe easyto feel intimidatedby someonewhohassurvivedabductionby the

Khmer Rouge, run the London marathon shortly after losing their lower right arm

and leg in an accident and appeared on the BBC's Parkinson show. Yet Chris

Moon, 39, is refreshingly down to earth, even to the point of finding it difficult to

keep the initial appointments for this interview, proving that even superheroes

can't be in two places at once.

m I

You don't need to speak to him for long before you realise that this is a

particularly appropriate title. Not only does he talk with an almost evangelical zeal

about his desire to empower others to get the best out of themselves and their

businesses, but his own philosophy is all about making the best of any situation,

howevergrimitmayseem. .[II I

'I decided it was about doing the best we can, reaching our full potential and making

use of our talents. It's also about involvement with other people. 1wanted to make a

difference, do something 1could be trained inbut also grow as a person, so 1decided

to join the army.' On graduating from Sandhurst, he was commissioned into the

Royal Military Police and also served with several infantry units.

m I

'When we were first kidnapped, 1 thought 1 had no control as 1 kept thinking 1

can't do anything about this. But my one thought was never to assume the role of

victim. It would have been so easy to give up, but 1 quickly realised that fear is a J

state of inactivity. You have to be positive and pursue logic and reason. That was,

and still is, my driving force.'

o IHis big break could be said to have come shortly after he left hospital, when he

was talking to an old friend from primary school who suggested he looked on the

accident as an opportunity to do something that would help him grow as a person.

Recognising the value of education and feeling that he hadn't been able to do his

best at school, he decided to do a masters degree in security management at the

University of Leicester.[TI ]

He began to do risk management surveys for different companies, while giving talks

on leadership, dealing with change and the process of achievement. He says his main

aim is to try and motivate people, although he prefers to be called a performance

enhancer rather than a motivational speaker. 'There is no greater privilege than

empowering someone to do something they thought they couldn't,' he says.

@] I

So after all the experiences he has been through, is he surprised to find himself

running his own business? 'My mum's cousin had an extremely successful dairy

business and when 1was very young he said to me: 'When you've done all the

other things you want to do, set up a business and help get the best out of people.'

He obviously had it right.'

A After completing the degree he hac

plentyofjob offersbut felt hewantedtc

keep the focuson charitywork. Hewas

invitedto speak at a large number 0-

conferences.and alsofound that frien~

with their own companieswere askir-;

him to talk to their employeesabo idealingwith change. 1

B After leavingthe army,he felt he wanta. !

to do some sort of charity work, ar iwhen he heard that the Britishcharity,~

j

'

HALOTrust - which specialises in IT'''''clearance - wanted an army officerw-

agricultural and command experience,~

was keen to get involved. It was wn ..'

clearing mines in Cambodia that he :.1abducted by the Khmer Rouge, 3 .

experience which, not surprisingly,ha:

profound effect on him.

C Heisalso keento challengethe conc~-

the disabled scrapheap. 'Lots of disaG--

people are much better at what th€1

than able-bodied people.We need to IJ

at what people can do rather than

they can't and have a fully integ'3.

society.'

D At present, Chris runs a compar

set up to help clients solve proble~

human resources and see

management. He has called it Ma

The Best (MTB).

E Not that he's totallydownhearted

statistically proven that those pe

who leave money to charity live-

years longer than those who 0::

Soundsgood to me. Now,where0will?

F The things he learned fror"

experience helped him to survive

he was blown up by a mine twc

later, while walking in a supposed.

area in Mozambique. He lost r\s

right arm and leg, but does not cc

himself a victim. He accepts respo-'

because he chose to work inminec

G After studying agriculture, he ::.0-

that the farmer's lifewas not for ~

took a year off to work as a volur-=

centre for the homeless. During,,~

he decided to change directior

myself the question, what is

about?'

.L

-



he 1"-.31

ted

k.He

mbeiat me

ere as!

ees at!

he wir

wor\<.

char-

n

perier>

It W<J>

thatr RO'v

ising,

the cOX

ots of ::

t wha..

nee-

her ::-

fully ~

a co-

and

called

at ti

chapt'

ose

Nov

arnec

tc

y a ,..in a s... -

He

ut ace

accec-"

we

cu. ..~ =.

e .~as.

rY' ao

eless ::

nge

... ~ hearfivepeopletalking

__ - rimes when they have been

-1ationroom

1m'I

.estions1-5,choosefromthe list

-e places where the incidents

-ace.

- ::~ 6-10,choose from the

e OJtcomeof eachI

l ''>.._

:: JO:ained

G.<.Iable

~ ::s:::aped unhurt

asreunited~IT]

;:r,:;

s-.artedhisown ~[IT]~

':Y' somemoney

2:SSed an exam

:= ;Gt a job

;._'" Jed

~

Whichtwo of these socialproblems pose the most

I serious threat to society?How should they be dealt with?

(10marks)

b. Discussthe followingquestions together.

(?tudents A &B . What do you thinkthe maincauseof crime isin modern society?

Do you think parents should be held responsible for their children'scrimes?

How do you think environmental problems affect our mood?

Doyou believethat societywillever be free from poverty?

. Why do you think the younger generation have less community spirit than

previous generations?

Do you think the needs of older people are adequately catered for?

- : ctures showing~ Nenowhaveto

-::. to eachother

:c emsshownin

_::.-:5 "11en,decide

_ Lr'1kposehe-:.atto society_-:Quidbedealt

.

..

.(17 marks)

...,



I

-

FU

tale"'

ls

(;

Units5-6

Our Changing World

UNIT6A JobWellDone

.~..

97



Units5-6

Before you start ...· Inyour opinion, what isthe twentieth century's most

important technological/scientific achievement?

· What isyour dream job? Why?

Phrasa1 verbs

Write ...· contributions to longer pieces· about the set texts

98

. science and technology . job satisfaction

Listen, read and talk about ... . artificial intelligence . workingat night

.advances and inventions

. jobs and the workplace

. technology and everyday life . attitudes to work. communication technology . employer-employee. space travel relationships. unemployment

. share and justify your . make/respond to politeLearn how to ... opinions requests. compare and assess . evaluate and select

.ask for clarification

. congratulate

. send. take. work. get

. the future . gapped sentencesPractise ... . conditionals and wishes . word formation. keyword transformations . multiplechoicecloze. cloze



Lead-in. .. Lookat the title of the unit. What changes to our world do

these pictures represent? Thinkabout:

· transport· natural disasters · technology· environment

lite

- ;ow will these changes affect our lives in the future? Which

-Nillhave the greatest impact on our lives? Which are changes

=orthe better and which for the worse? Discuss in pairs.

zhinkcomputerswill affectourlivesthemost.

agree,butI'mnot sureit willbeforthebetter.

Jsten to some people talking about changes in lifestyle.

:Jhat changes are they talking about?

.'Jhat do they say about: the past?

the present?the future?

.,'hich of these expressions do the speakers use?

-= :GSt

<=d days

~

-.;; of the past

~randparents'

· today

· whereasthese days·at themoment

· inrecentyears

· recently· becomingmoreand

more

· ina fewyears'time· inthe nottoodistantfuture

·bythe year2050

· inyearsto come.yearsfromnow

A/OW,in pairs, use some of the expressions to discuss other

manges to our lives. Think about:

·entertainment · work · education · business·communication · clothes

" rfJepast,peopledidn'tusetogoouta lot.Theyhadeveningsat home,

a:.tingwithfriendsor watchingTv.

3 Lookat the followingpossibletechnological advances. Which ones

do you think willoccur in the next

50 years? Are there any which you

think willnever happen? Ingroups,

discuss your answers, giving reasons

for your opinions.

· acomputerthat canholda proper

conversation

· a mannedmissiono Mars· a vaccineagainstAIDS

· an electric car which isas fast as a

petrol-powered one

· a device which predicts earthquakes

accurately

· a hurricane-proofome

4 i:immIIParaphrasehe followingquotations.What doeseachonemean?What attitude doeseach

speakerhavetowardstechnofogy?

Whichquotationiscloserto yourown ideas?Discuss.

'If we continue to develop our technology

without wisdom or prudence, our servant

may prove to be our executioner:

OmarBradleyU.S.WWI1ArmyGeneral)

'Change is not made without

inconvenience, even from worse to better:

RichardHookerBritishtheologian)

upstream c1 engl 11 7.pdf

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