urban adaptation & sustainability the firs botanical grounds october 20 2010 climate science...
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Urban Adaptation & Sustainability
The Firs Botanical GroundsOctober 20 2010
CLIMATE SCIENCE & URBAN DESIGN
ESRC RES 062 23 2134
Michael Hebbert (SED), Vladimir Jankovic (CHSTM)
Fionn MacKillop (SED)
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Introductory
city planning and climate adaptation
a new agenda
with long historical precedents
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Introductory
Feng Shue site selection in classical China
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emergence of urban climatology
Luke Howard (1812)
Albert Kratzer (1937)
Tim Oke (1976)
Introductory
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layers of the urban climate
urban heat island
urban boundary layer
urban canopy layer
Introductory
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layers of urban design
spatial strategy
green infrastructure
neighborhood design
built/unbuilt pattern + density
street & public realm design
zoning & building codes
Introductory
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urban design shapes climate !
Q1: are designers aware ?
Q2: do they act on it ?
Introductory
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Twenty month project in three parts
1 historical
2 comparative
3 applied
Introductory
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Longitudinal studies of knowledge transfer from climatology to policy
Three global networks:
IFHP
WMO
ISB
Historical
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International Federation of Housing and Planning (IFHP)
founded 1913
based in The Hague
Historical
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October 1959 IFHP + CIB + ISB launch International Study Group for Urban and Building Climatology
international symposia: V
ienna (1965 and 1970),
Stockholm (1972),
Zurich (1974),
Vienna (1976) etc etc
. . . Yokohama (2009)
Dublin (2012)
Historical
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1978: IFHP questionnaire sent to European HE institutions; 36% response rate – 90% negative
1980: IFHP booklet, Fundamental knowledge in urban and building climatology - unsolicited mail-out to 1,500 recipients
detail: 40 entries on topic of rain, 70 on topic of wind etc.
Historical
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Historical
IFHP (1980)
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World Meteorological Organisation
founded 1950
based in Geneva
Historical
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1951: creation of Commission for Climatology (CCl)
1971: CCl becomes Committee for Special Applications of Meteorology and Climatology (CoSAMC) - chair Helmut Landsberg
1976: publication of Urban Climatology and its Relevance to Urban Design
Historical
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Chandler (1976)
Historical
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1983 CoSAMC wound up
1985 WMO reviews its failure to promote role of climatology in built environment
Urban dimension remains absent throughout WMO climate change initiatives prior to IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (2014)
Historical
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International Society for Biometeorology
Founded Paris, 1956, by Solco S. Tromp (NL) and Frederick Sargent II (US)
interdisciplinary learned society, wide range - vetinerary, medical, botanical, zoological, architectural, engineering etc
Historical
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1960 Urban and architectural working group
ISB collaborations with WMO, WHO, IFHP and CIB, development of comfort and well-being measures
Historical
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1988 Study Group on Urban Climate
Tim Oke (UBC) chair
Sue Grimmond (Indiana) secretary
2000 breakaway group:
International Association for Urban Climate
- a virtual global network
Historical
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four cities:
Stuttgart
New York
Tokyo
Manchester
Comparative
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a municipal climatologist since 1936
observation networks, models, climate maps
integration of climatological
data to every scale of design
Comparative - Stuttgart
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established precedents - Stuttgart
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a
Comparative - New York
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a
Comparative - Tokyo
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a
Comparative - Manchester
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Climate Science and Urban Design a historical and comparative study
ESRC Grant Res - 062- 23 -2132