urban land studies

8/11/2019 Urban Land Studies

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University of Sulaymaniyah

College of engineering

Architecture department

2012 - 2013

Urban land studies

Prepared by: checked by:

Ismail omer Shazad Jamal


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Urban land

Urban land is developed, utilised, abandoned and left to

degradation in many different ways. These processes are

closely related to four aspects of human activities:

nto goods,the extraction of resources, their transformation i

the production of waste and the conflicts that arise when

population grows and demands increase while resources

remain limited. Urban land is developed and deteriorates in

vities, while cities keep spreading,the course of these acti

consuming the green spaces surrounding them. Sustainable

city development aims at protecting the environment by

reusing urban terrain. The author brings together the

different aspects of this transdisciplinary endeavour by

discussing the causes of degradation, the strategies of

investigation and the techniques of remediation of urban

land.


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:Urban land studies

compilation of data and physiographic features ,-1

the urban settingmapping

the land survey-2

the vacant land survey-3

hydrographic and flood potential survey-4structural and environmental quality survey-5

revenue studies of land-cost-6

land value studies-7

studies of aesthetic features of the urban area-8

studies of public attitudes and preference regarding-9

land use.


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compilation of data and physiographic features ,-1

the urban settingmapping

An urban area is characterized by higherpopulationdensity and vast human features in comparison to areassurrounding it. Urban areas may b ecities,towns orconurbations,but the term is not commonly extended toruralsettlements suchasvillages andhamlets.

2- the land surveySurveying or land surveying is the technique, profession

and science of accurately determining the terrestrial or three-

dimensional position of points and the distances and angles

between them. These points are usually on the surface of the

Earth, and they are often used to establish land maps andboundaries forownership or governmental purposes.

To accomplish their objective, surveyors use elements

ofmathematics (geometry andtrigonometry),physics,

engineering andlaw.

urveythe vacant land s-3

Vacant and abandoned properties constitute a serious

and unresolved urban problem intodays cities. Although not

always the cause of decline and dilapidation of the

neighborhoods
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_densityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_densityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Townhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conurbationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_settlementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamlet_(place)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ownershiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonometryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonometryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ownershiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamlet_(place)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_settlementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conurbationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Townhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_densityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_density


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they are located in, they are often indicative of the nature andhealth of the communitySurveying vacant land with a GPS allows you to establish the

boundaries of the property. This is important for any businessdeal about land or for legal disputes over land ownership or rightsof way. With global positioning satellites (GPS) you can

determine exactly where points of interest, buildings, rivers andboundaries lie. Having this information will allow for betterdevelopment plans to be made as well as resolving any property

line disputes quickly and finally

hydrographic and flood potential survey-4

Hydrographic surveyis the science of measurement and

description of features which affect maritime navigation, marine

construction, dredging, offshore oil exploration/drilling and related

activities. Strong emphasis is placed on soundings, shorelines,

tides, currents, sea floor and submerged obstructions that relate

to the previously mentioned activities. The term Hydrography is

sometimes used synonymously to describe Maritime

Cartography, which in the final stages of the hydrographic

process uses the raw data collected through hydrographic survey

into information usable by the end user.

Hydrography is collected under rules which vary depending on

the acceptance authority. Traditionally conducted by ships with

asounding line orecho sounding,surveys are increasingly
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sounding_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echo_soundinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echo_soundinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sounding_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrography


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conducted with the aid of aircraft and sophisticated electronic

sensor systems in shallow waters.

structural and environmental quality survey-5

Environmental Quality Survey is a kind of survey or report of acertain area where it tackles or summarizes all about the localenvironmental status. Either Degraded or not. In good Condition

or not. As a result this will lead to some safety measure applied toanswer the needs wellness of every area.

revenue studies of land-cost-6

revenue studies have suffered from important-Cost

methodological and conceptual shortcomings, and frequently

they have been applied to serve narrow and specialized

interests. If the American public standard of living is to

accord more nearly with private standards, the inequality ofpresent tax flows must be adjusted and a rationale must be

found for enlarged state and national programs for municipal

revenue studies can-ments. Enlightened costcapital improve

help to demonstrate these needs and to hasten recognition

land uses to-of the necessity and justice of regulating fringe

permit effective location and timing of development.


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land value studies-7

Land, in an economic sense, is defined as the entire material

universe outside of people themselves and the products ofpeople. It includes all natural resources, materials, airwaves, aswell as the ground. All air, soil, minerals and water is included inthe definition of land. Everything that is freely supplied by nature,and not made by man, is categorized as land.

Land Market Value is the land rental value, minus land taxes,divided by a capitalization rate. Each of these terms is defined asfollows:

-Land Rental Value is the annual fee individuals are willing to

pay for the exclusive right to use a land site for a period of time.This may include a speculative opportunity cost.

-Land Taxes is the portion of the land rental value that isclaimed for the community.

-Capitalization Rate is a market determined rate of return thatwould attract individuals to invest in the use of land,considering all of the risks and benefits which could berealized.

- Land Market Value is the land rental value, minus land taxes,divided by a capitalization rate.


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etic features of the urban areaastudies of aesth-8

Aesthetics as a philosophical discipline offers analytical toolsenabling the clear understanding of concepts foundational tosophisticated and enlightening discussion of matters concerningaesthetic experience, aesthetic value, and aesthetic judgement,all of which figure in any sufficiently comprehensive conception ofthe aesthetic component of a satisfactory human-plannedenvironment, including that environments urban green areas, themanagement and planning strategies of which have typicallyreserved for aesthetic concerns a central role.

studies of public attitudes and preference regarding-9

land use.

Upland landscapes have intense experiential qualities and

can contribute to a sense of heritage (historic man-made

features contribute to cultural value) and identity (especially

the moorland context for residents) but understanding

individual preferences is complex.

The majority of studies focus on the publics attitude to uplandlandscape only and do notconsider whether a better understanding of the interactionbetween landscape and other

services delivered by the uplands (e.g. water/food production)

influence the publicspreferences.


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Preferences :

http://www.ehow.comurbanplanningblog.comhttp://en.wikipedia.orghttp://www.springer.comwww.pioneerturf.com

http://www.tandfonline.comhttp://www.henrygeorge.orghttp://www.helsinki.fi
http://www.google.iq/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CCgQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPreference&ei=5SjGUOa4IYPKtQaRy4DoAQ&usg=AFQjCNEUdv5_KyZveOqrm_-M0Aus6JBvxQ&sig2=a6fEsVUb0shdxhsAL9BvwAhttp://www.ehow.com/http://en.wikipedia.org/http://www.springer.com/http://www.pioneerturf.com/http://www.tandfonline.com/http://www.henrygeorge.org/http://www.henrygeorge.org/http://www.tandfonline.com/http://www.pioneerturf.com/http://www.springer.com/http://en.wikipedia.org/http://www.ehow.com/http://www.google.iq/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CCgQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPreference&ei=5SjGUOa4IYPKtQaRy4DoAQ&usg=AFQjCNEUdv5_KyZveOqrm_-M0Aus6JBvxQ&sig2=a6fEsVUb0shdxhsAL9BvwA

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