urban microclimate: daylight / solar
TRANSCRIPT
John Mardaljevic PhD FSLLProfessor of Building Daylight Modelling School of Civil & Building Engineering
Loughborough UniversityLoughborough, UK
Urban Microclimate: Daylight/Solar
Overcoming obstacles to high density resilient cities | urban microclimate event City Hall, London, UK 6 January 2017
Performance measures
Some measure of sunlight availability
And/Or Some measure of skylight availability
Or Climate-based daylight modelling (CBDM)
The Sunlight Beam Index
SBI is an area measure of the ‘connectedness’ of a building aperture to all of the possible occurring sun positions for that locale and for that particular aspect of the aperture including all possible obstructing surfaces - averaged across the aperture.
Units: 1⇥ 1 = 1m2 hrs
Aperture Without reveal With reveal (20 cm)
orientation SBI [m
2hrs] SBI [m
2hrs]
North 204 84
NE 608 414
East 1,348 1,037
SE 1,826 1,343
South 1,927 1,340
SW 1,822 1,342
West 1,345 1,033
NW 604 411
Cumulative annual sunlight beam index
London, UK
Stot = 1754 m2 hrs : Aglaz = 1.54 m2 [ Snorm = 1139 hrs ]
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12Month
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
Hour
S [m2 hrs]
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
135 SWE-Ostersundmod01/glaz01
135glaz01
Glazing orientation(glaz01)
Sun at ~ normalincidence to glaz01
Sun blockedby local obstructions
NightDay (no incident sun)
Day (possible sun)
Sun at ~ grazing incidenceand/or heavily shaded
glaz05
glaz03
glaz08
glaz04
glaz09a
glaz09b
glaz09c glaz10b glaz10a glaz01
glaz02
glaz06a
glaz06b glaz07a
glaz07b
glaz07c
Stot = 24520 m2 hrs : Aglaz = 25.52 m2 [ Snorm = 961 hrs ]
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12Month
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
Hou
r
S [m2 hrs]
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
01-02-03-04-05-06a-06b-07a-07b-07c-08-09a-09b-09c-10a-10b mod01-GBR-London-135
The Aperture Skylight Index
ASI is an area measure of the ‘connectedness’ of an aperture to the sky vault in terms of the illumination received from a uniform luminance sky dome - averaged across the aperture.
NUS
Area wght. 530
Dir sky comp of NUS
Area wght. 530
Int-ref comp of NUS
Area wght. 0
mod01sh0/glaz01glaz01
NUS [lux]
100
1000
530
NUS
Area wght. 467
Dir sky comp of NUS
Area wght. 467
Int-ref comp of NUS
Area wght. 0
mod01shv/glaz01glaz01
NUS [lux]
100
1000
467
NUS
Area wght. 690
Dir sky comp of NUS
Area wght. 690
Int-ref comp of NUS
Area wght. 0
mod01s00/glaz01glaz01
NUS [lux]
100
1000
690
NUS
Area wght. 996
Dir sky comp of NUS
Area wght. 996
Int-ref comp of NUS
Area wght. 0
mod01s99/glaz01glaz01
NUS [lux]
100
1000
1000 Stot = 1698 m2 hrs : Aglaz = 1.00 m2 [ Snorm = 1698 hrs ]
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12Month
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
Hou
r
S [m2 hrs]
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
045 ITA-Romamod01s99/glaz01
1698
Stot = 1701 m2 hrs : Aglaz = 1.00 m2 [ Snorm = 1701 hrs ]
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12Month
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
Hou
r
S [m2 hrs]
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
000 ITA-Romamod01s99/glaz01
1701
Stot = 1091 m2 hrs : Aglaz = 1.00 m2 [ Snorm = 1091 hrs ]
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12Month
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
Hou
r
S [m2 hrs]
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
000 ITA-Romamod01s00/glaz01
1091
Stot = 1222 m2 hrs : Aglaz = 1.00 m2 [ Snorm = 1222 hrs ]
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12Month
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
Hou
r
S [m2 hrs]
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
045 ITA-Romamod01s00/glaz01
1222
Stot = 897 m2 hrs : Aglaz = 1.00 m2 [ Snorm = 897 hrs ]
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12Month
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
Hou
r
S [m2 hrs]
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
045 ITA-Romamod01sh0/glaz01
897
Stot = 743 m2 hrs : Aglaz = 1.00 m2 [ Snorm = 743 hrs ]
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12Month
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
Hou
r
S [m2 hrs]
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
000 ITA-Romamod01sh0/glaz01
743
Stot = 612 m2 hrs : Aglaz = 1.00 m2 [ Snorm = 612 hrs ]
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12Month
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
Hou
r
S [m2 hrs]
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
000 ITA-Romamod01shv/glaz01
612
Stot = 795 m2 hrs : Aglaz = 1.00 m2 [ Snorm = 795 hrs ]
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12Month
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
Hou
r
S [m2 hrs]
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
045 ITA-Romamod01shv/glaz01
795
Glazingorientation
Case Apertureskylight index
Sunlightbeam index
Rome, Italy
NUS
Area wght. 293
Dir sky comp of NUS
Area wght. 293
Int-ref comp of NUS
Area wght. 0
mod01s05/glaz01glaz01
NUS [lux]
100
1000
Stot = 795 m2 hrs : Aglaz = 1.00 m2 [ Snorm = 795 hrs ]
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12Month
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
Hou
r
S [m2 hrs]
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
045 ITA-Romamod01shv/glaz01
1m2 aperture0.2m reveal depth0.5m overhang (top & sides)
05/01/2015 13:42Nordstrom Tower on 57th St. will be world's tallest residence - NY Daily News
Page 1 of 5http://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/real-estate/new-condo-tower-57th-st-world-tallest-article-1.1860838
BY KATHERINE
CLARKE
A A A
Nordstrom Tower in Midtownwill be world's tallestresidential buildingExtell Development's proposed tower will rise to 1,775 feet at 227 W. 57th St., taller thanthe Empire State Building and slightly under 1 World Trade Center.NEW YORK DAILY NEWS / Published: Wednesday, July 9, 2014, 5:21 PM / Updated: Thursday, July 17, 2014, 4:23 PM
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nydn.us/1toFmL4
258 209 20
Start craning the necks — a newMidtown condo tower is slated tobe the tallest residential buildingin the world.
The Nordstrom Tower, at 227 W.57th St., will rise to a whopping1,775 feet at its spire, making itjust a foot shorter than 1 WorldTrade Center, the tallest buildingin the Western Hemisphere.
But the new building willovershadow other supertallresidential structures such as the1,396-foot 432 Park Ave. andthe 1,450-foot World One Towerin Mumbai — both underconstruction.
Architectural drawings of the
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HOMES FOOD HOROSCOPES EDUCATION COMICS GAMES LIVING PICS FASHION PICS BLOGS
Wednesday, July 9, 2014
[when completed in 2018]
The legal agreement for the development includes a
measure of ‘daylight injury’ predicted using CBDM
Case Predicted TAIL Change in
[klux hrs] TAIL [%]
Existing 36,946
Proposed 0% refl. 23,455 -36.5%
Proposed 50% refl. 29,972 -18.9%
TAIL = Total annual illumination
Relevant papers / links
J. Mardaljevic and N. Roy. The sunlight beam index. Lighting Research and Technology, 48(1):55–69, 2016. Open access PDF
J. Mardaljevic, G. M. Janes, and M. Kwartler. The ‘Nordstrom Tower’: A landmark daylight injury study. CIE 28th Session, Manchester, UK, 2015. Open access PDF
J. Mardaljevic, R. Kelly Waskett, and B. Painter. Neutral daylight illumination with variable transmission glass: Theory and validation. Lighting Research and Technology, 48(3):267–285, 2016. Open access PDF
J. Mardaljevic. Climate-Based Daylight Modelling And Its Discontents. CIBSE Technical Symposium, London, UK, 16-17 April, 2015. Open access PDF
J. Mardaljevic & G. M. Janes. Multi-Scale Daylight Modelling For Urban Environments in (Solar Energy at Urban Scale). John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 2012. Open access PDF
J. Mardaljevic. Aperture Sunlight and Skylight Indices: A Rating System for Windows and Shading Devices. CIBSE Technical Symposium, Loughborough, UK, 5-6 April, 2017. [Submitted]
Urban Solar Micro-Climate Link
Acknowledgements
George Janes: George M. Janes & Associates, New York, USA
Michael Kwartler: Environmental Simulation Center, New York, USA
Electrochromic glass photos courtesy SAGE Electrochromics, Inc.
Residential house model courtesy of the VELUX Corporation
http://climate-based-daylighting.com/
Link to staff webpage