urban morphology-yenikapı İstanbul, morphological research on yenikapı

URBAN MORPHOLOGY “YENİKAPI TERM PROJECT”

ASSIGMENT 2:

KET 502 URBAN MORPHOLOGYINSTRUCTOR: PROF.DR. AYŞE SEMA KUBAT

PREPARED BY: FERDİ İNANLI

Location of Yenikapı in Turkey and İstanbul

Yenikapı :Aerial View-Google and Turkey Map-İ.B.B

Morphologic Analyses of Yenikapı

Ferdi İnanlı

Location of Yenikapı in Historic Peninsula of İstanbul

Eminönü

Topkapı Sarayı

Yenikapı

Galata

Taksim

AksarayBeyazıd

Marmara

Haliç

Unkapanı

Yedikule

Topkapı

Yenikapı :2008 Aerial View-Google


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So start with describing the site or“What is it”?

• Yenikapı, where is meaning new entrance/door till Sultan IV.Murat, is located at the south of Historic Peninsula. It is almost at the center of the Peninsula. Yenikapı was always an important port in Historic Peninsula. Yenikapı is surrounded by at north Aksaray commercial district, at east Kumkapı and Katip Kazım neighborhood, at west Cerrahpaşa neighborhood and hospital at south Marmara Sea. Avenue Atatürk and Kennedy passes meets in Yenikapı.

Yenikapı :Working area

Yenikapı :Neighborhoods

Landmarks


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Main Morphological Components of in Peninsula of İstanbul and Yenikapı

Eminönü

Topkapı Sarayı

Galata

Taksim

AksarayBeyazıd

Marmara

Haliç

Unkapanı

Yedikule

Topkapı

Yenikapı :2008 Aerial View-Google

Yenikapı


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Lands:Historic Peninsula-Galata and Anatolian side

Sea: Marmara, Haliç And Bosporus

Main axes

İmportant places

And study area

A brief history of Yenikapı• 1,200 years ago and to the third century A.D… Istanbul's name was not yet

Constantinople; it was Byzantium. The city's major ports hosted ships carrying pottery and incense brought from the East and headed to other ports. The grain to be distributed to the city would also be unloaded here. That port is today's Yenikapi.

• The former ports on the Golden Horn side of the re-founded city turned insufficient for the marine transportation with the increasing population and economic revival.Therefore, new ports were build on the Propontic coast. (r. AD 361-363)

• Second large of harbour on the Marmara coast was the Theodosian Harbour which was built by Theodosios I .The sea of the Marmara became a natural harbour formed by a large bay here and the Lykos (Bayrampaşa) Stream flowed in to the sea.The cities located at a harbour served for both unloading and loading.This is why the harbour became a trading place and developed more in socio-economic terms.


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• The Theodosian Harbour lied within the vegetable gardens called the Blanka today; it was surrounded with walls all around and located in the flat area. Large Vlanga Bostanı (the great garden) is located in Yenikapı.

• During the archaeological excavation at Yenikapı Marmaray construction site, it has been learned that İstanbul's history dates back further than was previously thought, some 8,500 years. 8,000-year-old skeletons were discovered and with the continuous excavations further graves have been unearthed. The graves reveal that İstanbul used to be home to the earliest settlements during the Stone Age. The skeletons were found in four prehistoric graves.

• There were also remnants of some walls found during the excavations. They are now considered as the first city walls of Istanbul.

View of Istanbul from the 16th century George Braun(1541-1622)11 century Yenikapı :


Ferdi İnanlı

4.century 11.century 1520 1789 1960

Yenikapı, İS situated the end point of Lycus(bayrampaşa) stream.

It consist Sea walls of İstanbul.

Yalı Distirct can be seen in 7.th Century maps


Ferdi İnanlıMorphologic Transformation and develoment of Yenikapı

Topography and infills of Historic Peninsula and Yenikapı

Topography and infills of Yenikapı, orijinal 2010

7 hills of İstanbul. Vistas and +40m Principle

Important places in Histoic Peninsula(Kültür ve Turizm bakanılığı)

Open spaces of Yenikapı


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Transformation and develoment of Yenikapı

Port of Yenikapı İnfilled by soil by Bayrampaşa stream. In 11century a new port constructed

In Ottoman era in 1860s Sea walls of İstanbul demolished in Yenikapı for the line of tram and some part inlays added.

Through 1950Ss with Menderes Plans for the sake of a new Shore way sea inlayed agein.

The last inlays added during Dalan’s

Now inlays is change to 100-500meters from 4th century.

Yenikapı Shore line cheange,orijinal 2010


Ferdi İnanlı

In this part, I’ll give answers to six questions about “appraisal” (or personal experience on the environment). These questions are:

• Description What is it?• Evolutions Is it good?• Aesthetic Is it beautiful? • Emotions How does it make me feel?• Meaning What is its significance?• Concern Does it matter?

Actually, all these questions/impressions appear to be related to each others. These questions are about place/Yenikapı some of them are more important than the personalities involved or the setting itself.


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Shaping of Yenikapı(aerial views)

1946

1966 2007

1914

Yalı district

Tram line

Namık Kemal Langa

Bostanlığı

Namık Kemal

Atatürk

Tram line

Namık Kemal

Atatürk

Tram line

Kennedy Boulevard


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Yenikapı in Pervititch maps


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Old maps

Prost plan,1937Hakkı Bey Map

Prost plan proposed a new shore way Atatürk Boulevard and a new junction.


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Meaning What is its significance?

• It is significant because it is at the center of Historic Peninsula and so İstanbul. It is going to be transportation focus for whole İstanbul after transfer station completed. It is surrounded by traditional/historic and important places. It has many historic layers (Roman-Byzantium-Ottoman and Republican) and values (mosques, neighborhoods) and it is always the door of İstanbul (Kadim şehrin Yenikapısı).

• Railway and its station is another valuable thing of Yenikapı. The piers and the port are too. They are starting and finishing point of many travel.

Yenikapı :1/5000“Conversation plan” (2005)

Yenikapı :City walls ruins(Müller map)


Ferdi İnanlı

Topography and morphology

Yenikapı has attitudes between 0-45 meters. Aksaray and inlay part area flat areas. Kürkçübaşı district is most sloped area.

(Original,2010) (Original,2010)

Sea front flatness(Original,2010) Kürkçübaşı slopes(Original,2010)

Pedestrian circulation

Pedestiran movement is dense in Aksaray district and among the Atatürk Boulevard, Cerrahpaşa stret K.Langa Street.

In sloped areas and (yalı and Kürkçübaşı)neigbourhoods pedestrian density is precisely decreases.

Urban Web


Ferdi İnanlı

Yenikapı has dense network at its perimeters. But at center between K.Langa street and Kennedy Avenue accesibility is only be by Namık Kemal street.

Kennedy Avenue

Namık Kemal Street

Küçük LangaStreet

Atatürk Avenue

Excavation area

Urban blocks


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Urban bloks are mostly granulated in Yalı,Katip Kazım and Kürkçübaşı neigbourhood. Parsel become bigger at the center,Aksaray district and Cerrahpaşa hospital. Land ownership is the key factor in this diversity.

Yalı

Katip KazımCenter

Aksaray

Cerrahpaşa Hospital

Excavation area

Shore parks

Urban Buildings


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Building density is high in Aksaray, Yalı, Kürkçübaşı, Katıp Kazım parts. But this density is suddenly decreases in centeral part between tram line and K.Langa street.

Yalı

Katip KazımCenter

Aksaray


Kürkçübaşı

Excavation area

Shore parks

Solid-void


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Excavation area

Yalı

Katip KazımCenter

Aksaray


Kürkçübaşı

Voids are at th e center and the shore of Marmara.

Solids are dense at north of K.Langa Street

Shore parks

Urban Fabric


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Yalı

Katip KazımCenter

Aksaray


Kürkçübaşı

Shore parks

Excavation area

Urban fabric of Yenikapı represent diversiies. Yalı is significant, Aksaray is also. Kürkçübaşı and Katip kazım are another remarkable parts. South parts of the Kennedy Avenue is notable with its continuety.

• Nowadays excavation continues in Yenikapı, where Marmaray, M2 and M1 meet at an underground transfer station. Image of area is changing day by day.

• Yalı district is at the south-center of the area. This district is has historic buildings.

• Area has many passive open spaces but narrow active spaces.

Rail SystemsYenikapı :

Dsitircts and Landmarks


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Architecture and façades

1-Atatürk Avenue west façade

2-Kürkçübaşı Neigbourhood

3-K.Langa registered building

4-Kasap İlyas Traditional buildings

• Yalı District and north of the tram line mainly occupied by private ownership. Southern parts of tram line is owned by Grater Municipality and Fatih municipality.

• Buiding conditions are generally moderate. But there are notable buildings which is in a bad condition and start to collapse.

• It has mainly one-storeyed building at the center and surrounded by 5-7 storeyed buildings at north. At east on Atatürk Avenue building density and storey number is rising.

Land ownershipBuilding contiditon


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Evolutions Is it good?• What is “Good”: Is it preferred by people. Is it preferred for living(housing). Is it

secure. Who are the day an night usuages and users. For passengers and passers. İmage map/orientability( is it easy to definy, find area,orientarion). Being an Transfer foci is good or a pressure?

• Yenikapı is preferred not as a place as vesting time or living except Yalı district; it is only a passing route for different passengers. Bus station, Banliyö’s station and piers of inner-lines and inter-city lines area generate these passengers. This land uses effects the image of the area. Therefore temporary uses situated among the passing route of passengers such as, hotels, car parks, bus station, and restaurants. (Feed back each other preference commercial facilities)

• If I make a “cognitive map” about Yenikapı, I prefer (sign) excavation area and then the Avenue of Atatürk and Kennedy and then bus station and piers. Banliyö’s station, Cerrahpaşa Mosque and Cerrahpaşa hospital area the second stage places for my preferences.


Ferdi İnanlı

• Permanently used areas are more valuable but as I examine they are pressured by transportation focus which intersecting at Yenikapı.

Diverse-aged peoples used area except children. You can see children only in Yalı neighborhood and Kürkçübaşı District. Stations and neighborhoods are used in day. Avenue Atatürk and Aksaray is used almost all day but the usage is changing between day and night.area become more complex and crowd during pick times of İstanbul(7.30-8.30 in the morning, 18.00-19.00 at the afternoon.)

My first cognitive map about the area (2010)


Ferdi İnanlı

Some sections

scales: 1/1000

• Permanently used areas are more valuable but as I examine they are pressured by transportation focus which intersecting at Yenikapı.

Diverse-aged peoples used area except children. You can see children only in Yalı neighborhood and Kürkçübaşı District. Stations and neighborhoods are used in day. Avenue Atatürk and Aksaray is used almost all day but the usage is changing between day and night.area become more complex and crowd during pick times of İstanbul(7.30-8.30 in the morning, 18.00-19.00 at the afternoon.)

Commercial Areas


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Residential Areas.

Grid iron parts of Yenikapı occupied by commercial facilities like hotels, bazaars, restaurans. They are new and well kept buildings.

Grid-iron parts


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Topography oriented lines

Topography oriented areas mainly used as residential. This part are traditional neigborhoods and many registred buildins exist there

Demography and morphology

• Yenikapı has intersections of many civilizations.In Ottoman Period Yenikapı is occupied by diverse ethnic groups. This ethnic groups put their orders to their neigbourhoods:

• Yalı district is used by Armenians and so its significance with its Armenian-Catholic Church. It has rigid-grid iron plan

• Katip Kazım is used by Greek-ortodox population. Respecting to the topography of the site this neigbourhood is organic network-street pattern.

• Kürkçübaşı is a mulim neigbourhood and it remains the traces of Ottoman pallnig order. Culdecacs(çıkmaz) and mosques Cerrahpaşa and Kasap İlyas are main element. Regarding the topograpyt is another important aspect.


Ferdi İnanlı

Landuse

Aesthetic Is it beautiful?

• This question is the most subjective question so the answer is more variable from person to person. I think some traditional neighborhoods such as Yalı and Kürkçübaşı is beautiful, lively and attractive but they are start to changing after underground routes. Excavations, marmaray and metro constructions create unaesthetic images in my mind. Also Avenue Atatürk and Kennedy are only roads for vehicles and fulled of traffic sign and lights. Avenue of Kennedy has crushed barriers and fast traffic with its private fast line and it divide the interaction between inlands and the Sea of Marmara. Banliyö’s line is another fold after Avenue of Kennedy. By these obstructions sea become only an image.

• Kürkçübaşı district is crowded by 5-6 stroreyed unaesthetic row apartment blocks.

Yenikapı :Aerial View of 3d Model

Yenikapı :In Touristic Maps(2009)

Has Yenikapı arhitectural unity, continuty, changes, balance? What are the unaesthetic images? For passengers and passers?


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Kürkçübaşı

Unaesthetic images:

1-Juction

1

2

2-Emniyet Garages

3-Excavation area

3

4-Car services4

5-Construction site??

5 6-Tabelas

6

Emotions How does it make me feel?

• Although it is more noisy and unaesthetic, I think this image can change after excavations and constructions finished. When I walked in Yenikapı I feel uncomfortable especially at the central part of area. Garages and industrial estate located at this part of the area. I like seaside at day-times but I do not want to go at night.

Density of buildinsVista and Suprise effect

Traditional Arhitecte& life

Edge-Train lines.

Passive Open space: Shore park Shore-A different world

A crowd road Junction


Ferdi İnanlı

To conclude (Concern) Does it matter?

• It is matter because of this area is at the heart of the Historic Peninsula, and so includes historic layers, values, styles and lives. It is matter because it is becoming the transportation for whole İstanbul by its Marmaray, metro, LRT, city-lines, inter-city lines, bus station

• I concern because; it is a focal place, it is my project site, it has traditional parts and a new changing face, and has a place in many people’s memories

• I think Yenikapı live many changes (and continue to live changes/transformations) but it always has a essence of to be a door and to be different/new. Some land usages and technology is continually changing but Yenikapı is always a important transportation focus in İstanbul.


Ferdi İnanlı

Referances

• Çelik, Zeynep. !998. Değişen İstanbul, Tarih Vakfı Yury Yaınları, İstanbul• Ökten, A.N.,Altınok,E.Bilen,Ö.2008. Yenikapı sosyo ekonomik durum raporu, Fatih

Belediyesi arşivi,İstanbul• Tarihi Yarımada Koruma amaçlı İmar planı, İ.B.B. Planlama müdürlüğü.• İ.M.P maps• Ceresatto, Cladio, personal archive and drawings,2010


Ferdi İnanlı


Ferdi İnanlı

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urban morphology-yenikapı İstanbul, morphological research on yenikapı

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