Urban Planning: How to live under

climate change in Bangkok 23 November 2007Inter-Continental Hotel, Bangkok

H.E.Apirak Kosayodhin

Governor of Bangkok

“The ‘environment’ is where we live; and development is what we all do in attempting

to improve our lot within that abode. The two are inseparable.”

Our Common FutureThe World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED)

Greenhouse Gas EmissionGreenhouse Gas Emission in Bangkok Compare in Bangkok Compare with Other Large Citieswith Other Large Cities

CO2 ล้�านตั�นตั�อปี

01020304050607080

Sanfrancis

co

Sandiago

Toronto

Bangkok

New York

Tokyo

London

Source: Chulalongkorn University, 2007

CO2 Million Tons per year

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

Tota

l CO

2 E

mis

sio

ns

(mill

ion

to

ns

)

Source: World Resource Institute, 2000

0.6% of the world total GHGs emission

Impacts of Climate Change: Global Scale

Increasing in the Earth’s average temperature by approximately 0.74oC over the past century

Shrinking of mountain glaciers

Lengthening of mid- to high-latitude growing seasons

Changes in precipitation patterns and ocean currents

Increasing frequency and intensity of heat waves, storms floods and droughts in some regions

Source: Global Environment Outlook 4, UNEP (2007)

Impacts of Climate Change: Bangkok Environmental Challenges

The change in land use effects to Bangkok’s temperature to be higher than the suburb by 2 oC

From 1956 – 1997 the Bangkok’s lowest temperature increased by 2 oC

Disaster from floods

Sea-level rise threatens coastal erosion in Bangkhuntien

High incidence of infectious diseases such as dengue fever and Letrospirosis

Interdisciplinary Approach to Fight Against Global Warming in Bangkok

““The Bangkok Declaration on the Cooperation The Bangkok Declaration on the Cooperation of Alleviating the Global Warming”of Alleviating the Global Warming”

36 Organizations jointly signed the Bangkok Declaration on the Cooperation of alleviating the global warming

on 9 May 2007 at the United Nations Conference Centre, Bangkok

1. We will reduce energy uses and effectively use resources for production and consumption to make least impact to global warming.

2. We will together support the role of youths, communities, businesses, government units and individuals to coordinately reduce greenhouse gases emission.

3. We will together support the way of life based on the sufficient economy to prevent prepare and adapt to global warming.

4. We will together participate, support and promote carbon sequestration through tree plantation extensively and sustainably.

5. We will continuously support the global warming reduction and prevention activities by disseminating knowledge and information, to encourage practical action in everyday living.

The Bangkok DeclarationThe Bangkok Declaration

From Bangkok Declaration to the 5-Year Action Plan for Global Warming Alleviation (2007 – 2012)

Public ConsultationPublic Consultation ProcessProcess

Expert consultations

Resident consultations on BMA’s website, seminar and survey

The 5-Year Action Plan for Global Warming The 5-Year Action Plan for Global Warming Alleviation (2007 – 2012)Alleviation (2007 – 2012): The 5 Approaches

1.1. Improvement of Transportation SystemImprovement of Transportation System

2.2. Promotion of Alternative EnergiesPromotion of Alternative Energies

3.3. Energy Conservation and Building RetrofitEnergy Conservation and Building Retrofit

4.4. Solid Waste and Wastewater ManagementSolid Waste and Wastewater Management

5.5. Expansion of green areasExpansion of green areas

Ultimate Goal: 15% reduction of GHGs emission by 2012

Concrete Actions to Achieve the Set Goal

1. BMA’s Practices

2. Local Cooperation

3. International Cooperation

“Action to climate Change is now a global priority”

Concrete Actions to Achieve the Set Goal: BMA’s Practices

1. Launch of campaigns:

- switching lights off

- using of energy saving bulbs

- stop idling vehicles

- tree planting

- using cloth bags

- waste reduction, and etc.

2. Improvement of Transportation System: BRT, sky train, subway system

3. Promotion of Alternative Energies: NGV waste collection truck, solar water heater and solar cell at schools, landfill gas to energy

4. Energy Conservation and Building Retrofit: energy saving house design for people, awareness raising on energy conservation

5. Solid Waste and Wastewater Management: home composting, waste recycling, appropriate technology, Polluter Pays Principle scheme,

6. Expansion of green areas: new public parks construction, vertical garden, roof-top

garden

Concrete Actions to Achieve the Set Goal: BMA’s Practices

Concrete Actions to Achieve the Set Goal: Local Cooperation

1. Ministry of Energy- Energy audit in big buildings

- Awareness raising on energy conservation for school children and government officials

- Anaerobic digestion system for organic waste at schools and fresh markets

- Biodiesel production

- Hybrid solar waste heat water heater system in BMA’s hospital

2. The Federation of Thai Industries- Waste recycling system in universities

- Drop Off Station in department stores and convenient stores

- Formalization of scavenger (Saleng) groups

- Recycling handicrafts competition and marketing

Concrete Actions to Achieve the Set Goal: Local Cooperation

4. PTT Public Co.Ltd.

- BMA helps coordinate to expand new NGV gas stations

5. The Bangchak Petroleum Public Co.Ltd. - Cooperation for biodiesel production from used cooking oil

3. Metropolitan Electricity Authority- Support 10,000 energy saving bulbs for replacing in BMA’s fresh

markets

Concrete Actions to Achieve the Set Goal: Local Cooperation

7. Ban Lae Suan Co.Ltd.

- Publication of “50 designs for home decoration to combat global warming”

6. Rotary Club- Tree planting program

Concrete Actions to Achieve the Set Goal: International Cooperation

1. Large Cities Climate Summit 2007 C40 cities in New York City, 14 – 17 May 2007

2. World Bank- City Development Strategy and Municipal

Capacity Building

- Sectoral Strategy Implementation; Preparation of an environment strategy and action plan, BRT, and SWM and carbon financing project, etc.

- Comprehensive Improvement & Quality of life in selected area

- C40 workshop on transport and congestion in London, 3-5 Dec 2007 hosted by the Greater London Authority and the City of Stockholm

Concrete Actions to Achieve the Set Goal: International Cooperation

3. UNEP

4. Clinton Climate Initiatives

- Building Retrofit Program

- Awareness Building and Monitoring; Bangkok Assessment Report on Climate Change

- Awareness Pilot Demonstration; Eco-house, Building Retrofit and Clean Vehicle

- Bangkok towards environmental capital of ASEAN

“How to live under climate change in Bangkok”

• We need cooperation and participation from all sectors namely government, media, press, private sector, entrepreneurs, NGOs and social groups to help distributing knowledge and information and educating people for better understanding of climate change alleviation.

• Simple actions in daily life such as unplug electrical appliances after using, waste minimization and separation, and walk in near distance instead of using car, if each everyone of us does together, it will also create a great impact to the better environment in our city.

• All sectors and residents can work hand in hand to fight against climate change which will consequently result in improvement of the environment, human health and sustainable growth of the city.

Key Messages

Thank You