urban sprawl pattern madurai

7/28/2019 Urban Sprawl Pattern Madurai

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOMATICS AND GEOSCIENCES Volume 1, No 2, 2010

© Copyright 2010 All rights reserved Integrated Publishing servicesResearch Article ISSN 0976 – 4380

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area along the major roads in Madurai, Tamil Nadu. This paper is an attempt of understandingthe urban sprawl phenomenon.

1.1 Aim and Objectives

· To identify the patterns of urban sprawl for Madurai region

· To study and compare the demographic change between the sample villages

· To spatially map the residential development of sample village

1.2 Date Base

§ Survey of India Toposheets: 58 K/1 - NE,NW,SE,SW - Scale 1:25,000§ Satellite data: LANDSAT TM – (1991) and LANDSAT ETM+ (2006) images

(source: http://glcf.umiacs.umd.edu)§ Census of India – Primary Census Abstract – 1991 & 2001§ Local Planning Report (Source: Madurai Corporation Office)

2. Study Area

The study focuses on the fringe villages of Madurai city. The study area extends from 78 o

00’ to 78 o 13’ E latitude and 9 o 48’ to 10 o 01’ N longitude. It consists of totally 79 villagesexcluding Madurai Corporation. The villages are classified into two rings. First ring comprises of 28 villages (105.025 Sq.kms) and second ring with 51 villages (168.718 Sq.kms) respectively.The total area including Madurai city covers around 327.419 Sq.kms.

The two villages Avaniyapuram of ring I and Othakadai of ring II which are located onthe southern and northern part of Madurai city (Fig: 1). The important national highway NH45Bwhich connects Trichirapalli District and Thoothukudi District passes through these villages. Thetotal population of Avaniyapuram and Othakadai are 53,006 & 12,185 persons respectively. Thegeographical area of the villages are 14.95 & 1.82 Sq. Kms. Avaniyapuram town panchayat fallsin class II town and Othakadai census town in class IV town as per 2001 census.

3. Result and Discussion

3.1 Urban Sprawl of Madurai city

The urban sprawl and the direction of growth of Madurai city can be explained with thehelp of Monocentric – City Model. The spatial growth of city is clearly delineated by theMonocentric – City Model development by Alonso (1964), Mills (1967), and Muth (1969) which

portrays the city as organized around a single, central workplace. Earlier Madurai cities growthwas based on Meenakshi Amman temple as the central place. The development was uniformaround the temple and the road network established was regular in shape. So the residential andcommercial activities spread evenly in all directions, as a result the pattern of urban expansionwas radial. Later the development was due to rapid population growth and due to the restriction





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Figure 1 : Location map of Madurai fringe and Sample villages

Figure 2 : Urban expansion of Madurai City

3.2 Demographic Characteristics of the sample villages

The term demography is used in the study of human population , its structure and change.Here in this present study few demographic parameters like population, household, literates, totalworkers, main workers, cultivators, agricultural workers and non-workers are considered as

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population





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urban growth indicators. The above mentioned parameters are obtained from Census of Indiareport which helps to determine the growth and rate of change for the time periods. The changedetection is done for the period of ten years (1991 -2001) for the sample villages. Thedemographic parameters and its changes were clearly illustrated in Table No: 1 anddiagrammatically shown in Chart no: 1

Avaniyapuram village is located adjacent to the city showing a notable demographicchange. The total population of Avaniyapuram was 35,810 in 1991 and 53,006 in 2001 with anincrease of about 19.36 %, eventually its raise in households was 22.29 % which show aremarkable expansion in residential area. There was a significant increase in total main workers(+15.20), total marginal workers (+26.39) and decrease in cultivators (-34.04), agriculturalworkers (-44.52) which clearly explain the conversion of agricultural landuse to urban landuse.The chart clearly shows the decline in agricultural workers, cultivators and raise in other workers.

Demographic Changes (1991 - 2001)

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

P o p u l a t i o n

H o u s e h o l d s

L i t e r a t e s

T o t a l w o r k e r s

T o t a l m a i n

w o r k e r s

C u l t i v a t o r s

A g r i c u l t u r a l

w o r k e r s

T o t a l m a r g i n a l

w o r k e r s

N o n

W o r k e r s

Avaniyapuram Othakadai

Chart: 1 Demographic Variation of Avaniyapuram and Othakadai

Similarly as Othakadai village is considered the change in total population between 1991 and2001 was 3273 person i.e 15.51% increase and its household was 1967 in 1991 increased to 2895in 2001 houses as per census of India report. The change in total main workers is +11.54% whereas the change in total marginal workers is +57.19%, which is double the percentage of totalmarginal worker of Avaniyapuram. Othakadai village also shows decline in cultivators (-32.20)and agricultural workers (-20.42). The change shows the conversion of agricultural workers to

other workers but while focusing the rate of transition of agricultural workers, it is comparativelylow than Avaniyapuram. Another factor for the conversion of workers was the percentage of literates. Literates are ready to work as main and marginal workers than agricultural labors.





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agricultural land and water bodies have been converted as settlements. The major conversion of landuse take place along the roads and the pattern of sprawl are found to be linear.

Figure 3 : Residential development of Avaniyapuram village

Table No: 2 Landuse change detection of Avaniyapuram villageArea (%)S.No Landuse

1991 2006Change inpercentage

1. Residential Area 7.09 19.73 12.642. Agricultural Land 84.22 77.32 -6.893. Water Bodies 8.69 2.95 -5.75

Othakadai village is located in ring II. The development of this village is slow comparedto Avaniyapuram, since the development of this village was not only influenced by transport butalso for other reasons like establishment of High Court (Madurai Bench) and few industrial unitswhich are located at the periphery of the village. Another factor which supports the developmentof the Othakadai village is the proposed fourway (under construction) which passing through thisvillage. This road development shows a drastic change in land value in this area, so these factorssupport towards the future development in this region.





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Figure 4: Residential development of Othakadai village

Table No: 3 illustrate the change in landuse of Othakadai village.

Table No: 3 Landuse change detection of Othakadai villageArea (%)S.No Landuse

1991 2006Change inpercentage

1. Residential Area 12.64 25.27 12.632. Agricultural Land 82.96 71.43 -11.533. Water Bodies 4.40 3.30 -1.10

There is an increase in percentage of settlement to 12.63% and notable decrease inagricultural land to 11.53%. The decrease in water bodies is 1.1%. The expansion of settlementstakes place mainly in agricultural land.

4. Conclusion

This paper demonstrates urban expansion of Madurai, and identifies the temporal andspatial development patterns by using multi-temporal remote sensing images and GIS tool.Various analysts have made considerable progress in quantifying the urban sprawl pattern





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(Theobald, 2001; Lata et al, 2001; Torrens and Alberti, 2000; Batty et al, 1999; Barnes et al,2001). However all these studies have come up with different methodologies in quantifyingsprawl. The present study determine,

§ The pattern of urban sprawl of Madurai is identified as linear along major roadsespecially on State Highway SH 72 and National Highways NH 45B, NH 7.

§ It is found that sample villages show equal change in percentage of residential area to thetotal, but while taking spatial distribution of population into consideration Avaniyapuramhas been converted to Class II panchayat town and Othakadai to class IV census town.

§ While considering the residential development of both the villages, development inAvaniyapuram is due to well organized road network where as in Othakadai is because of establishment of High court, industrial units, educational institutes and Fourway (under construction).

The urban sprawl is one of the potential threats to sustainable development where urban planning with effective resource utilization and allocation of infrastructure initiatives are keyconcerns. Thus identification and analysis of the patterns of sprawl would help in effectivelanduse planning in urban area. It is important to study and understand the trend of urban sprawls,which ultimately focus for urban landscape planning and environmental management.

5. Acknowledgment

The authors are grateful to the UGC –UPE scheme for extending financial assistance tocarry out this work. We would like to express our sincere thanks to Prof. G. R. Parthasarathy(Project Coordinator) UGC-UPE Project No-6, Mapping and Managing Natural Resources andEnvironment, Prof. K.Lakshmi, Prof. N.Krishnan and Asst. Prof. D. Ramesh , School of Earth

and Atmospheric Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai for their help andencouragement.

6. References

1. Carter. H, 1995, The study of Urban Geography, Arnold publisher, London.

2. Cheng. J, and Masser, 2003, Urban growth pattern modelling: a case study of Wuhan city,PR China. “Landscape and Urban Planning”, Vol. 62, pp 199-217.

3. Epstein. J, K. Payne, and E. Kramer, 2002, Techniques for mapping suburban sprawl.“Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing”, Vol. 63(9), pp 913 – 918

4. Fan. F, Y.Wang, et.al., 2009, Evaluating the Temporal and Spatial Urban ExpansionPatterns of Guangzhou from 1979 to 2003 by Remote Sensing and GIS Methods,“International Journal of Geographical Information Science”, Vol. 23(11), pp 1371–1388

5. Hoyle. B.S, 1973, Geographical Readings - Transport and Development, The MacmillanPress Ltd, London.





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6. Huang. B, Li Zhang and Bo Wu, 2009, Spatiotemporal analysis of rural–urban landconversion, “International Journal of Geographical Information Science”, Vol. 23(3),

pp 379–398

7. Jensen. J.R, and D.L. Toll, 1982, Detecting residential land-use development at the urbanfringe, “Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing”, Vol. 48(4), pp 629-643.

8. Mahdibeigi. H, M. Mahdavi and A. Alihosseini, 2010, Transforming large villages intosmall towns and studying their role in rural development through Network AnalysisMethodology: Rural district of Southern Behnam Arab (Javad Abad zone from the regionof Varamin), “Journal of Geography and Regional Planning”, Vol. 3(6), pp 158-168.

9. Siyuan. W, L. Jingshi and Y. Cunjian, 2007, Temporal change in the landscape erosion pattern in the Yellow River Basin, China, “International Journal of GeographicalInformation Science”, Vol. 21(10), pp 1077–1092

10. Sudhira.H.S, T.V. Ramachandra, K.S.Jagadish, 2004, Urban sprawl: metrics, dynamicsand modelling using GIS, “International Journal of Applied Earth Observation andGeoinformation”, Vol. 5, pp 29–39

urban sprawl pattern madurai

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